Ultrastructural identification of Toxoplasma gondii in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
George Price ◽  
Gary Pearl ◽  
Lizardo Cerezo
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

With the onset of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a variety of opportunistic infections have now become prevalent as a complication of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). These infections may be viral, bacterial, fungal, or protozoal.Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan that can infect humans in parasitic symbiosis. In the past, toxoplasmosis was most commonly found as a congenital infection of neonates, but has become a prominent infection of patients with AIDS. The cystic stage of the organism may be found in the central nervous system, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and visceral organs. The tachyzoites, or individual organisms, are found in a variety of tissues, cells, and body fluids. The route of infection is either by ingestion of the organism from material contaminated by feline feces, or from the ingestion of the coccidian oocysts from the meat of infected animals.

scholarly journals Prevalence of IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in patients with HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
María de la Luz Galván Ramírez ◽  
Virginia Valdez Alvarado ◽  
Gustavo Vargas Gutierrez ◽  
Octavio Jiménez González ◽  
Carlos García Cosio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cerebral Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Pathogenic Agent ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

With the emergence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Toxoplasma gondii has arisen as an important opportunist pathogenic agent, especcially in the central nervous system, being the most common cause of intracerebral lesions. The incidence of Toxoplasma gondii in HIV-infected patients depends principally on the existence of latent Toxoplasma parasitosis in the population affected. Through the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were found in 92 patients of which 46 (50.0%) were IgG seropositive, and only one case (1.0%) had IgM antibodies.Of the 92 patients: 53 were HIV seropositives and 39 had AIDS. The detection and monitoring of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in HIV patients is essential, since in this group there is a high percentage risk of developing cerebral toxoplasmosis, which is the second cause of death in this type of patients.

scholarly journals Immunological memory and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome pathogenesis

2000 ◽  
Vol 355 (1395) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitinder Kaur ◽  
Michael Rosenzweig ◽  
R. Paul Johnson
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Immunological Memory ◽  
Cell Turnover ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus results in profound perturbations in immunological memory, ultimately resulting in increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). W e have used rhesus macaques infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) as a model to understand better the effects of AIDS virus infection on immunological memory. Acute infection with SIV resulted in significant deficits in CD4 + helper responses to cytomegalovirus (CMV) as well as CMV–specific cytotoxic T–lymphocyte and neutralizing antibody responses. Reactivation of CMV was associated with high levels of SIV replication and suppression of both T–helper and cytotoxic responses to CMV . We have also studied the effects of SIV infection on T–cell turnover in non–human primates. T–cell turnover was evaluated using the nucleoside analogue bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in combination with five–colour flow cytometric analysis. T cells in normal animals turned over at relatively rapid rates, with memory cells turning over more quickly than naive cells. In SIV–infected animals, the labelling and elimination rates of both CD4 + and CD8 + BrdU–labelled cells were increased by two– to threefold compared with normal controls. Further analysis of immunological memory in nonhuman primates should offer the opportunity to extend immunological insights from murine models to the pathogenesis and prevention of AIDS.

scholarly journals Lymph node co-infection of Mycobacterium avium complex and cytomegalovirus in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arya Hedjazi ◽  
Marzieh Hosseini ◽  
Amin Hoseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients are known to have an increased tendency for developing opportunistic infections. However, there are no reports of simultaneous lymph node involvement of <em>cytomegalovirus</em> and <em>Mycobacterium avium complex</em> in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient. We report a 31-year-old man who presented with acute abdominal pain and tenderness and weight loss. He died a few hours after admission. Autopsy studies showed coinfection of <em>cytomegalovirus</em>, <em>Mycobacterium avium complex</em> and <em>human immunodeficiency virus</em>. Our case emphasizes the need to be careful in evaluating opportunistic infections in severely immunodepressed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. This case report is the first manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in this patient.

Infectious pseudomonas subglottic stenosis occurring in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ghufoor ◽  
J. Almeyda ◽  
G. Mochloulis ◽  
P. Q. Montgomery ◽  
N. S. Tolley
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Infective Agent

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is emerging as an increasingly common opportunistic infective agent in the immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patient (Kielhofner et al., 1992). Improvements in the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has led to longer life expectancy (Graham et al., 1992), and this has changed the incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in this population (Baron and Hollander, 1993). We present a case of a patient with AIDS who developed a fulminant Pseudomonas aeruginosa stenosing subglottic infection. We are unaware of any previous reports of this particular manifestation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

scholarly journals ANGKA KEJADIAN KOMPLIKASI INTRAKRANIAL PADA PENDERITA HIV/AIDS YANG DI RAWAT INAP DI BAGIAN NEUROLOGI RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO PERIODE JULI 2012 – JUNI 2013

e-CliniC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy B Tumbelaka
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Intracranial Complication ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is virus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which is a retrovirus disease that characterized by the severe immunosuppression that cause opportunistic infection, secondary neoplasm and neurologic manifestations. Nervous system involvement in HIV infections may occur directly through the virus and indirectly as a result of opportunistic infections due to immunocompromised. This study aimed to determine the incidence of intracranial complication in HIV/AIDS patients who were hospitalized in Neurology Ward of RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado from July 2012 to June 2013. This study were a retrospective descriptive study using medical record of patients with HIV/AIDS. The results showed there were 36 patients with HIV/AIDS and 27 patients had intracranial complications. Tuberculous Meningitis was the most common type of complications with percentage (51,9%). Based on those 27 HIV/AIDS patients with intracranial complication, patients who were 25-34 years old (44%) have the most intracranial complication. Based on the gender percentage, it is dominated by male (59,3%) and based on the occupations, it is commonly came from entrepreneurs (29,6%). Conclusion: The incidences of intracranial complication in patients with HIV/AIDS were quite high on Tuberculous Meningitis, and it is dominated by male. The highest distributions were found on aged 25-34 whose occupation were entrepreneurs. Keywords: Intracranial Complication, HIV/AIDS, patients.   Abstrak: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) merupakan virus yang menyebabkan penyakit Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) yaitu suatu penyakit retrovirus yang ditandai dengan imunosupresi berat yang menimbulkan infeksi oportunistik, neoplasma sekunder, dan manifestasi neurologis. Keterlibatan sistem saraf pada infeksi HIV dapat terjadi secara langsung karena virus tersebut dan tidak langsung akibat infeksi oportunistik akibat imunokompromis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka kejadian komplikasi intrakranial pada penderita HIV/AIDS yang di rawat inap di Bagian Neurologi RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado selama periode Juli 2012 – Juni 2013. Metode penelitian ini ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan menggunakan catatan rekam medik penderita HIV/AIDS. Hasil peneitian memperlihatkan dari 36 pasien HIV/AIDS, terdapat 27 penderita yang memiliki komplikasi intrakranial dengan persentase jenis komplikasi intrakranial terbanyak yaitu Meningitis Tuberkulosis (51,9%). Dari 27 penderita HIV/AIDS yang memiliki komplikasi intrakranial paling banyak ialah pada kelompok umur 25-34 tahun (44,4%) sedangkan untuk jenis kelamin, didominasi oleh penderita berjenis kelamin laki-laki (59,3%), dan jenis pekerjaan terbanyak ialah wiraswasta (29,6%). Kesimpulan: Angka kejadian komplikasi intrakranial pada penderita HIV/AIDS yang cukup tinggi terdapat pada Meningitis Tuberkulosis dengan jenis kelamin terbanyak ialah laki-laki. Distribusi yang cukup tinggi pula ditemukan pada kelompok umur 25-34 tahun dengan jenis pekerjaan sebagai wiraswasta. Kata Kunci: Komplikasi Intrakranial, HIV/AIDS, penderita

scholarly journals Currently, there is no cure for Human immunodeficiency virus /Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) but, there are medications to control HIV and prevent opportunistic infections. Clinicians must be vigilant enough to extract history and send rele

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
Sanjeet Bhattarai ◽  
Devendra Shah ◽  
Sulav Rayamajhi ◽  
Yuvaraj Bhusal ◽  
Kishor Khanal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Currently, there is no cure for Human immunodeficiency virus /Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) but, there are medications to control HIV and prevent opportunistic infections. Clinicians must be vigilant enough to extract history and send relevant laboratory investigations to diagnose the disease in early stage. Patient may not have known his /her diagnosis or intentionally avoided to reveal the disease status which further complicates the diagnosis and treatment. This is case of a 51 years male, where social stigma forces the patient to hide his diagnosis and reluctant to seek medical treatment ultimately reaps the life. Hence, government and concerned authority must work up for wide availability of HIV/AIDS medications and motivate people to seek medical advices as soon as possible. Concerned authority must motivate people to consider it as any other treatable disease.

scholarly journals Renal aspects of therapy for human immunodeficiency virus and associated opportunistic infections.

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 1061-1080
Author(s):  
J S Berns ◽  
R M Cohen ◽  
R J Stumacher ◽  
M R Rudnick
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Nephrotoxic Drugs ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are often treated with a variety of potentially nephrotoxic drugs. This review summarizes the renal, fluid, and electrolyte complications of drugs used to treat human immunodeficiency virus and associated opportunistic infections. The pharmacokinetics of the drugs are also briefly reviewed, and dosing guidelines for the use of these drugs in patients who have renal insufficiency or who are receiving dialysis are provided.

scholarly journals INSIDEN PENDERITA HIV/AIDS DENGAN KOMPLIKASI INTRAKRANIAL YANG DIRAWAT OLEH BAGIAN NEUROLOGI DI RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO PERIODE JULI 2011 - JUNI 2012

e-CliniC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarlito Leunupun
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Intracranial Complication ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Intracranial Complications ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Abstract: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that causes immune deficiency that can lead to a collection of symptoms or the disease called AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) . Neurological complications occur in more than 40 % of patients with HIV. Attack to the central nervous system is the most common and important manifestations of AIDS. In some patients, neurological manifestations may be the only picture that appeared or the earliest appearing in HIV infection. The purpose of this study is to describe the incidence of HIV patients with intracranial complications that treated by Neurology department in Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou hospital period July 2011 – June 2012. A retrospective descriptive study. Research subject were all HIV patients with intracranial complication that hospitalized and treated by Neurology department in Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou hospital from July 2011 to June 2012. Patients that include in inclusion criteria were all HIV patients with intracranial complication that treated by Neurology department in Prof Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital. Conclusion: From 31 patients, there were 13 patients (41,93%)  with intracranial complication. The most intracranial complication that found is cryptococcal meningitis.Keywords: HIV, Intracranial complication, Opportunistic Infection   Abstrak: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) adalah suatu virus yang menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan kekebalan tubuh yang dapat menimbulkan kumpulan gejala atau penyakit yang disebut AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). Komplikasi neurologi timbul pada lebih dari 40% pasien dengan HIV. Serangan pada sistem saraf pusat merupakan manifestasi AIDS yang umum terjadi dan penting. Pada beberapa pasien, manifestasi neurologis dapat merupakan satu-satunya gambaran yang muncul atau yang paling awal muncul pada infeksi HIV. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran insiden penderita HIV dengan komplikasi intrakranial yang dirawat oleh bagian Neurologi di RSUP Prof Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Juli 2011-Juni 2012.Penelitian deskriptif retrospektif. Subjek penelitian adalah Seluruh penderita HIV dengan komplikasi intrakranial yang pernah dirawat inap oleh bagian Neurologi di RSUP Prof. DR. R. D. Kandou Manado sejak Juli 2011 sampai  Juni 2012. Pasien yang masuk dalam kriteria inklusi adalah semua penderita HIV dengan komplikasi intrakranial yang dirawat oleh bagian Neurologi di BLU RSUP Prof. DR. R. D. Kandou Manado. Kesimpulan: Dari 31 pasien yang menderita HIV, komplikasi intrakranial di temukan pada 13 pasien (41,93%). Komplikasi Intrakranial yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah Cryprococcal Meningitis. Kata Kunci: HIV, Komplikasi Intrakranial, Infeksi Oportunistik

scholarly journals Opportunistic parasitic infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Laksemi ◽  
L. T. Suwanti ◽  
M. Mufasirin ◽  
K. Suastika ◽  
M. Sudarmaja
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

The number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases increases annually, and Indonesia has become the country with the fastest HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic spread among the five Southeast Asian countries. Indonesia entered the critical phase of HIV/AIDS infections after 5 out of the 33 provinces, namely, Papua, Jakarta, Bali, West Java, and East Java, reported HIV/AIDS epidemic since 2004. In AIDS pathophysiology and immune-suppression are severe, thus, opportunistic intestinal parasitic infections that cause diarrhea in HIV infection may be fatal. Several studies have suggested that Cryptosporidium parvum, Isospora belli, and Blastocystis hominis are the most common intestinal protozoan parasites categorized as AIDS associated illness. Diarrhea caused by parasites is considerably suspected in the cases of chronic and persistent diarrhea in adults, in an era of increasing HIV/AIDS cases nowadays. The present review highlights the current advances in etiologic agents of HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections among countries, epidemiology and prevalence, lifecycle, risk factors, examination methods, and treatment.

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