scholarly journals Immunological memory and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome pathogenesis

2000 ◽  
Vol 355 (1395) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitinder Kaur ◽  
Michael Rosenzweig ◽  
R. Paul Johnson
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Immunological Memory ◽  
Cell Turnover ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus results in profound perturbations in immunological memory, ultimately resulting in increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). W e have used rhesus macaques infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) as a model to understand better the effects of AIDS virus infection on immunological memory. Acute infection with SIV resulted in significant deficits in CD4 + helper responses to cytomegalovirus (CMV) as well as CMV–specific cytotoxic T–lymphocyte and neutralizing antibody responses. Reactivation of CMV was associated with high levels of SIV replication and suppression of both T–helper and cytotoxic responses to CMV . We have also studied the effects of SIV infection on T–cell turnover in non–human primates. T–cell turnover was evaluated using the nucleoside analogue bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in combination with five–colour flow cytometric analysis. T cells in normal animals turned over at relatively rapid rates, with memory cells turning over more quickly than naive cells. In SIV–infected animals, the labelling and elimination rates of both CD4 + and CD8 + BrdU–labelled cells were increased by two– to threefold compared with normal controls. Further analysis of immunological memory in nonhuman primates should offer the opportunity to extend immunological insights from murine models to the pathogenesis and prevention of AIDS.

scholarly journals Lymph node co-infection of Mycobacterium avium complex and cytomegalovirus in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arya Hedjazi ◽  
Marzieh Hosseini ◽  
Amin Hoseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients are known to have an increased tendency for developing opportunistic infections. However, there are no reports of simultaneous lymph node involvement of <em>cytomegalovirus</em> and <em>Mycobacterium avium complex</em> in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient. We report a 31-year-old man who presented with acute abdominal pain and tenderness and weight loss. He died a few hours after admission. Autopsy studies showed coinfection of <em>cytomegalovirus</em>, <em>Mycobacterium avium complex</em> and <em>human immunodeficiency virus</em>. Our case emphasizes the need to be careful in evaluating opportunistic infections in severely immunodepressed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. This case report is the first manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in this patient.

Infectious pseudomonas subglottic stenosis occurring in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ghufoor ◽  
J. Almeyda ◽  
G. Mochloulis ◽  
P. Q. Montgomery ◽  
N. S. Tolley
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Infective Agent

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is emerging as an increasingly common opportunistic infective agent in the immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patient (Kielhofner et al., 1992). Improvements in the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has led to longer life expectancy (Graham et al., 1992), and this has changed the incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in this population (Baron and Hollander, 1993). We present a case of a patient with AIDS who developed a fulminant Pseudomonas aeruginosa stenosing subglottic infection. We are unaware of any previous reports of this particular manifestation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

scholarly journals Low Cluster of Differentiation 4+ T Cell Count in People Living with HIV/AIDS Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy Visiting a Reference Laboratory: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (237) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samikshya Kandel ◽  
Sundar Khadka ◽  
Mahesh Lamsal ◽  
Bimlesh Jha ◽  
Sunil Paudyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Cluster Of Differentiation

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a lentivirus that causes human immunodeficiency virus infection and over time, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Cluster of Differentiation 4+ T cell count of people living with this infection play a vital role to determine infection progression and necessary treatment changes. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence of low Cluster of Differentiation 4+ T Cell Count in the People Living with human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between June to August 2018 in the Human Immunodeficiency virus and Hepatitis Reference Unit of National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Population Teku. Ethical approval was taken (Reference Number 2912) and a total of 550 seropositive cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 undergoing antiretroviral therapy were studied. Convenient sampling technique was used. Data was analysed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: Seventeen (3.1%) of patients had Cluster of Differentiation 4+ T cell counts below 100 cells/mm3 of blood. The mean Cluster of Differentiation 4+ T cell count was 509.3 cells/mm3 of blood. Of the total samples, 280 (50.9%) were males, 268 (48.7%) were females, and the rest 2 (0.4%) were of other gender. Conclusions: Majority of people living with human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were found immune-competent.

scholarly journals ANGKA KEJADIAN KOMPLIKASI INTRAKRANIAL PADA PENDERITA HIV/AIDS YANG DI RAWAT INAP DI BAGIAN NEUROLOGI RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO PERIODE JULI 2012 – JUNI 2013

e-CliniC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy B Tumbelaka
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Intracranial Complication ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is virus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which is a retrovirus disease that characterized by the severe immunosuppression that cause opportunistic infection, secondary neoplasm and neurologic manifestations. Nervous system involvement in HIV infections may occur directly through the virus and indirectly as a result of opportunistic infections due to immunocompromised. This study aimed to determine the incidence of intracranial complication in HIV/AIDS patients who were hospitalized in Neurology Ward of RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado from July 2012 to June 2013. This study were a retrospective descriptive study using medical record of patients with HIV/AIDS. The results showed there were 36 patients with HIV/AIDS and 27 patients had intracranial complications. Tuberculous Meningitis was the most common type of complications with percentage (51,9%). Based on those 27 HIV/AIDS patients with intracranial complication, patients who were 25-34 years old (44%) have the most intracranial complication. Based on the gender percentage, it is dominated by male (59,3%) and based on the occupations, it is commonly came from entrepreneurs (29,6%). Conclusion: The incidences of intracranial complication in patients with HIV/AIDS were quite high on Tuberculous Meningitis, and it is dominated by male. The highest distributions were found on aged 25-34 whose occupation were entrepreneurs. Keywords: Intracranial Complication, HIV/AIDS, patients.   Abstrak: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) merupakan virus yang menyebabkan penyakit Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) yaitu suatu penyakit retrovirus yang ditandai dengan imunosupresi berat yang menimbulkan infeksi oportunistik, neoplasma sekunder, dan manifestasi neurologis. Keterlibatan sistem saraf pada infeksi HIV dapat terjadi secara langsung karena virus tersebut dan tidak langsung akibat infeksi oportunistik akibat imunokompromis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka kejadian komplikasi intrakranial pada penderita HIV/AIDS yang di rawat inap di Bagian Neurologi RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado selama periode Juli 2012 – Juni 2013. Metode penelitian ini ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan menggunakan catatan rekam medik penderita HIV/AIDS. Hasil peneitian memperlihatkan dari 36 pasien HIV/AIDS, terdapat 27 penderita yang memiliki komplikasi intrakranial dengan persentase jenis komplikasi intrakranial terbanyak yaitu Meningitis Tuberkulosis (51,9%). Dari 27 penderita HIV/AIDS yang memiliki komplikasi intrakranial paling banyak ialah pada kelompok umur 25-34 tahun (44,4%) sedangkan untuk jenis kelamin, didominasi oleh penderita berjenis kelamin laki-laki (59,3%), dan jenis pekerjaan terbanyak ialah wiraswasta (29,6%). Kesimpulan: Angka kejadian komplikasi intrakranial pada penderita HIV/AIDS yang cukup tinggi terdapat pada Meningitis Tuberkulosis dengan jenis kelamin terbanyak ialah laki-laki. Distribusi yang cukup tinggi pula ditemukan pada kelompok umur 25-34 tahun dengan jenis pekerjaan sebagai wiraswasta. Kata Kunci: Komplikasi Intrakranial, HIV/AIDS, penderita

scholarly journals Currently, there is no cure for Human immunodeficiency virus /Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) but, there are medications to control HIV and prevent opportunistic infections. Clinicians must be vigilant enough to extract history and send rele

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
Sanjeet Bhattarai ◽  
Devendra Shah ◽  
Sulav Rayamajhi ◽  
Yuvaraj Bhusal ◽  
Kishor Khanal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Currently, there is no cure for Human immunodeficiency virus /Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) but, there are medications to control HIV and prevent opportunistic infections. Clinicians must be vigilant enough to extract history and send relevant laboratory investigations to diagnose the disease in early stage. Patient may not have known his /her diagnosis or intentionally avoided to reveal the disease status which further complicates the diagnosis and treatment. This is case of a 51 years male, where social stigma forces the patient to hide his diagnosis and reluctant to seek medical treatment ultimately reaps the life. Hence, government and concerned authority must work up for wide availability of HIV/AIDS medications and motivate people to seek medical advices as soon as possible. Concerned authority must motivate people to consider it as any other treatable disease.

scholarly journals MECHANISM OF HIV PENETRATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
G.I. Mavrov ◽  
Y.V. Scherbakova ◽  
K. Ye. Ishcheikin ◽  
V.I. Kameniev ◽  
Ya. A. Yemchenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Prevention of human immunodeficiency virus transmission through intercourse consists in combining highly effective biomedical, behavioural, and structural interventions. The purpose of this review was to summarize our own and global studies on the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus through the mucous membranes of the genital organs. Global reports of the United Nations agency on the fight against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, statistical reports of individual countries (in particular, Ukraine), materials of the World Health Organization for the period from 2000 to 2018 were analyzed. Improving and implementing measures to prevent the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus are extremely necessary to halt the global epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and to finally overcome it. Studies on animal models and the investigation of acute infection pathogenesis in humans have revealed vulnerabilities in the behaviour of the virus during penetration through the mucous membrane of the genital organs in the very early stages of infection. The data obtained open up new directions for the use of prophylactic vaccines and antiretroviral drugs to prevent the development of systemic infection, with the depletion of CD4 T cells. These studies enabled us to conclude that prevention strategies should target the earliest stages of infection for the following reasons: the vulnerability of the virus, which at an early stage is located in small populations of the founding cells at the site of entry for the infection; in order to develop as a systemic infection, the local spread of the virus is first necessary; the adverse effects that develop rapidly are associated only with a systemic infection. Thus, in near future, the effectiveness of the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus transmitted through sexual intercourse will depend on the solution of scientific and practical issues of immunology.

Ultrastructural identification of Toxoplasma gondii in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
George Price ◽  
Gary Pearl ◽  
Lizardo Cerezo
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

With the onset of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a variety of opportunistic infections have now become prevalent as a complication of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). These infections may be viral, bacterial, fungal, or protozoal.Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan that can infect humans in parasitic symbiosis. In the past, toxoplasmosis was most commonly found as a congenital infection of neonates, but has become a prominent infection of patients with AIDS. The cystic stage of the organism may be found in the central nervous system, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and visceral organs. The tachyzoites, or individual organisms, are found in a variety of tissues, cells, and body fluids. The route of infection is either by ingestion of the organism from material contaminated by feline feces, or from the ingestion of the coccidian oocysts from the meat of infected animals.

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