Characterization of male-sterile Arabidopsis thaliana mutants exhibiting altered tapetum development

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
C. S. Bricker ◽  
N. Smith-Huerta ◽  
C. A. Makaroff
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Insertional Mutagenesis ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Microspore Development ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Molecular Signals

The tapetum is the tissue in the anther that is in closest contact with the developing microspores. It consists of large and frequently multinucleate, richly cytoplasmic cells that provide most of the nutrients and growth substances necessary for the developing microspore. A great deal of our knowledge on the tapetum has come from studies on malesterile mutants. We are using T-DNA insertional mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana to identify, isolate and characterize the genes that control the differentiation of the tapetum. As a first step we have identified those mutants that exhibit the sporogenous type of male sterility (relatively normal stamen development but alterations in microsporogenesis). Further analyses have identified those mutants that exhibit alterations in tapetum development that have resulted from insertional mutagenesis by the T-DNA. Through the analysis of these mutants we hope to identify the molecular signals that regulate tapetal tissue differentiation and provide molecular evidence on the role of the tapetum in microspore development.

scholarly journals Functional Characterization of Spliceosomal Introns and Identification of U2, U4, and U5 snRNAs in the Deep-Branching Eukaryote Entamoeba histolytica

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 940-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie A. Davis ◽  
Michael P. S. Brown ◽  
Upinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Splice Site ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Spliceosomal Introns ◽  
Accurate Expression ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

ABSTRACT Pre-mRNA splicing is essential to ensure accurate expression of many genes in eukaryotic organisms. In Entamoeba histolytica, a deep-branching eukaryote, approximately 30% of the annotated genes are predicted to contain introns; however, the accuracy of these predictions has not been tested. In this study, we mined an expressed sequence tag (EST) library representing 7% of amoebic genes and found evidence supporting splicing of 60% of the testable intron predictions, the majority of which contain a GUUUGU 5′ splice site and a UAG 3′ splice site. Additionally, we identified several splice site misannotations, evidence for the existence of 30 novel introns in previously annotated genes, and identified novel genes through uncovering their spliced ESTs. Finally, we provided molecular evidence for the E. histolytica U2, U4, and U5 snRNAs. These data lay the foundation for further dissection of the role of RNA processing in E. histolytica gene expression.

scholarly journals Reproductive characterization of interspecific hybrids among Capsicum species

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo da Silva Monteiro ◽  
Telma Nair Santana Pereira ◽  
Karina Pereira de Campos
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Viable Pollen ◽  
Hybrid Combination ◽  
Capsicum Species ◽  
The Cross

The objective of this study was the reproductive characterization of Capsicum accessions as well as of interspecific hybrids, based on pollen viability. Hybrids were obtained between Capsicum species. Pollen viability was high in most accessions, indicating that meiosis is normal, resulting in viable pollen grains. The pollen viability of species C. pubescens was the lowest (27 %). The interspecific hybrids had varying degrees of pollen viability, from fertile combinations (C. chinense x C. frutescens and C. annuum x C. baccatum) to male sterile combinations. Pollen viability also varied within the hybrid combination according to accessions used in the cross. Results indicate that male sterility is one of the incompatibility barriers among Capsicum species since hybrids can be established, but may be male sterile.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF A MALE-STERILE SYSTEM WITH A CLOSELY LINKED SEEDLING MARKER TO FACILITATE F1 HYBRID TOMATO SEED PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1168e-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Tigchelaar
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
F1 Hybrid

The coupling phase linkages have been synthesized between the gene aw (without anthocyanin) and the male sterile gene ms15 (and its alleles ms26, ms47, and an Israeli source of male sterility). Less than 2 map units separate aw and ms15 on chromosome 2, providing a convenient seedling marker gene to rapidly identify male sterility for both inbred development and hybrid seed production. The seedling marker also provides a convenient marker to rapidly assess hybrid seed purity. Unique features of each of the alleles involved in male sterility and their use in inbred and hybrid development will be described.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Sucrose Phosphate Phosphatase (SPP) Isoforms from Arabidopsis thaliana and Role of the S6PPc Domain in Dimerization

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e0166308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Albi ◽  
M. Teresa Ruiz ◽  
Pedro de los Reyes ◽  
Federico Valverde ◽  
José M. Romero
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Phosphatase ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate

scholarly journals Cloning and Characterization of a Flavonol Synthase Gene fromScutellaria baicalensis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon Bok Kim ◽  
KwangSoo Kim ◽  
YeJi Kim ◽  
Pham Anh Tuan ◽  
Haeng Hoon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cdna Clone ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Anthocyanidin Synthase ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Flavonol Synthase ◽  
Jelly Roll

Flavonols are the most abundant of all the flavonoids and play pivotal roles in a variety of plants. We isolated a cDNA clone encoding flavonol synthase fromScutellaria baicalensis(SbFLS). The SbFLS cDNA is 1011 bp long, encodes 336 amino acid residues, and belongs to a family of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. The overall structure ofSbFLSis very similar to that ofArabidopsis thalianaanthocyanidin synthase (AtANS), with aβjelly-roll fold surrounded by tens of short and longα-helices.SbFLSwas constitutively expressed in the roots, stems, leaves, and flowers, with particularly high expression in the roots and flowers. SbFLS transcript levels in the roots were 376-, 70-, and 2.5-fold higher than in the leaves, stems, and flowers. The myricetin content was significantly higher than that of kaempferol and quercetin. Therefore, we suggest that SbFLS mediates flavonol formation in the different organs ofS. baicalensis. Our study may contribute to the knowledge of the role of FLS inS. baicalensis.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Mitochondrial Genome of a Wheat AL-Type Male Sterility Line and the Candidate CMS Gene

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6388
Author(s):  
Miaomiao Hao ◽  
Wenlong Yang ◽  
Weiwen Lu ◽  
Linhe Sun ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Cms Line ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Heterosis utilization is very important in hybrid seed production. An AL-type cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line has been used in wheat-hybrid seed production, but its sterility mechanism has not been explored. In the present study, we sequenced and verified the candidate CMS gene in the AL-type sterile line (AL18A) and its maintainer line (AL18B). In the late uni-nucleate stage, the tapetum cells of AL18A showed delayed programmed cell death (PCD) and termination of microspore at the bi-nucleate stage. As compared to AL18B, the AL18A line produced 100% aborted pollens. The mitochondrial genomes of AL18A and AL18B were sequenced using the next generation sequencing such as Hiseq and PacBio. It was found that the mitochondrial genome of AL18A had 99% similarity with that of Triticum timopheevii, AL18B was identical to that of Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Yumai. Based on transmembrane structure prediction, 12 orfs were selected as candidate CMS genes, including a previously suggested orf256. Only the lines harboring orf279 showed sterility in the transgenic Arabidopsis system, indicating that orf279 is the CMS gene in the AL-type wheat CMS lines. These results provide a theoretical basis and data support to further analyze the mechanism of AL-type cytoplasmic male sterility in wheat.

scholarly journals Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveal molecular mechanism in Salvia miltiorrhiza leaves of near-isogenic male fertile lines and male sterile lines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruihong Wang ◽  
Han Jiang ◽  
Ziyun Zhou ◽  
Hongbo Guo ◽  
Juane Dong
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Physiological Analysis

Abstract Background: Our previous study finds that male sterility in Salvia miltiorrhiza could result in stunted growth and reduced biomass, but their molecular mechanisms have not yet been revealed. In this article, we investigate the underlying mechanism of male sterility and its impact on plant growth and metabolic yield by using physiological analysis and mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Results: In this study, transcriptomic and physiological analysis were performed to identify the mechanism of male sterility in mutants and its impact on plant growth and metabolic yield. Through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, it is found that the pathways are mainly enriched in processes including organ development, primary metabolic process and secondary metabolic process. Physiological analysis show that the chloroplast structure of male sterile mutants of S. miltiorrhiza is abnormally developed, which could result in decrease in leaf gas exchange ( A , E and gs ), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv, Fm and Fv/Fm), and the chlorophyll content. Expression level of 7 differentially expressed genes involved in photosynthesis-related pathways is downregulated in male sterile lines of S. miltiorrhiza , which could explain the corresponding phenotypic changes in chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content and leaf gas exchange. Transcriptomic analysis establishes the role of disproportionating enzyme 1 ( DPE1 ) as catalyzing the degradation of starch, and the role of sucrose synthase 3 ( SUS3 ) and cytosolic invertase 2 ( CINV2 ) as catalyzing the degradation of sucrose in the S. miltiorrhiza mutants. The results also confirm that phenylalanine ammonialyase ( PAL ) is involved in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B, and flavone synthase ( FLS ) is an important enzyme catalyzing steps of flavonoid biosynthesis. Conclusions: Our results from the physiological and transcriptome analysis reveal underlying mechanism of plant growth and metabolic yield in male sterile mutants, and provide insight into the crop yield of S. miltiorrhiza.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Male-sterile Line Bcajh97-01A/B and Identification of Candidate Genes for Genic Male Sterility in Chinese Cabbage-pak-choi

2009 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 632-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Huang ◽  
Wan-zhi Ye ◽  
Ting-ting Liu ◽  
Jia-shu Cao
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Sterile Line ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Genic Male Sterility

Cytological features of ‘Aijiaohuang’ chinese cabbage-pak-choi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis) Bcajh97-01A/B genic male-sterile AB line were examined to determine phenotypic reasons for male sterility. The sterile line Bcajh97-01A was found to undergo aberrant cytokinesis during male meiosis. Transcriptional profiling of the flower buds of both fertile and sterile plants was performed at the periods preceding meiosis, at the tetrad to uninucleate pollen period, and at the binucleate to mature pollen period. Transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) from corresponding genes that were expressed in flower buds at these three different stages could be divided into nine classes. We sequenced a total of 14 new TDFs that were differentially displayed at particular pollen developmental stages, including eight genes with unknown or hypothetical functions and six genes showing significant homology with known genes. This characterization of the Bcajh97-01A genic male-sterile line allowed the identification of candidate genes underlying genic male sterility.

Characterization of three male-sterile mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana exhibiting alterations in meiosis

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
BrendaN. Peirson ◽  
HeatherA. Owen ◽  
KennethA. Feldmann ◽  
ChristopherA. Makaroff
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Male Sterile
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