Abstract
In this study, diosmetin was synthesized with recombinant Escherichia coli expressing flavone synthase (FNS) or flavonol synthase (FLS). Forty-four FNS/FLS were selected from 40 different plants and their bioinformatic data, such as isoelectric point, instability index, grand average of hydropathicity, transmembrane structure, secondary structure, and conservative domain were analyzed with computer tools or software. Nine recombinant E. coli strains expressing FNS/FLS were constructed for diosmetin synthesis, and the products were detected through UPLC, LC-MS, and SDS-PAGE. Results showed that FNS/FLS from different sources were different in transmembrane structures, instability coefficients, and conservative regions. Among the nine recombinant E. coli strains, six recombinant E. coli strains were observed expected bands by SDS-PAGE, four recombinant E. coli strains were detected to have diosmetin with a molecular weight of 300.06 confirmed by LC-MS in broth, and the diosmetin concentration of a DE3/pAnFNS fermentation broth was the highest (39.6 mg/L). The enzyme expression and catalytic reaction were accordance with the results of bioinformatics analysis. In addition, the ratio of predicted intermediate product (4'-O-Methyl taxifolin) and final product (diosmetin) was significant different among FNS/FLS from different sources, although they are similar in physicochemical properties and structures. Therefore, the hypothesis that FNS/FLS catalyzed the synthesis of diosmetin from hesperetin by hydroxylation at the C-2 and C-3 positions respectively, 2-hydroxyhesperetin undergoes an elimination reaction and is converted to diosmetin, 3-hydroxyhesperetin (4'-O-Methyl taxifolin) was retained as a byproduct has been proposed.Key points:1) A possible biosynthesis pathway of diosmetin was proposed.2) Diosmetin was biosynthesized by expressing FNS and FLS in recombinant Escherichia coli strains.3) Enzyme selection in biosynthesis was guided with bioinformatic analysis.4) The speculation that simultaneous hydroxylation of the reaction occurs at both C-2 and C-3 positions of flavanones has been proposed.