Reproductive characterization of interspecific hybrids among Capsicum species

The objective of this study was the reproductive characterization of Capsicum accessions as well as of interspecific hybrids, based on pollen viability. Hybrids were obtained between Capsicum species. Pollen viability was high in most accessions, indicating that meiosis is normal, resulting in viable pollen grains. The pollen viability of species C. pubescens was the lowest (27 %). The interspecific hybrids had varying degrees of pollen viability, from fertile combinations (C. chinense x C. frutescens and C. annuum x C. baccatum) to male sterile combinations. Pollen viability also varied within the hybrid combination according to accessions used in the cross. Results indicate that male sterility is one of the incompatibility barriers among Capsicum species since hybrids can be established, but may be male sterile.

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Pollen Grain and Hybridization Studies in the Genus Capsicum

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb819767 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 134-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tomi Lois OLATUNJI ◽

Joseph Akintade MORAKINYO

Keyword(s):

Success Rate ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Pollen Grain ◽

Interspecific Crosses ◽

Putative Hybrid ◽

Gene Exchange ◽

Viable Pollen ◽

Pollination Success ◽

Capsicum Species

The current study aimed to evaluate the pollen viability of the commonly cultivated varieties of Capsicum species and assessed the potentials for gene exchange among the genotypes through hybridization studies. Capsicum annuum var. abbreviatum, C. annuum var. acuminatum, C. annuum var. grossum and C. frutescens var. baccatum were the species and varieties used in this study. The present findings indicated that the percentage of pollen viability varied in the studied Capsicum genotypes. The highest pollen viability was obtained in C. annuum var. abbreviatum (96.3%), followed by C. annuum var. grossum (95%), and C. annuum var. acuminatum (91.1%). The lowest pollen viability was recorded in C. frutescens var. baccatum (86.2%). The pollen viability was high in most varieties indicating that meiosis is normal, resulting in viable pollen grains. Several intraspecific and interspecific crosses were performed among the Capsicum genotypes and three putative hybrid fruits were produced. Percentage successes obtained in the crosses were low and comparable in both intra and inter-specific crosses. In the entire crosses pattern, pollination success of 10% was recorded for C. frutescens var. baccatum and C. annuum var. acuminatum. Knowing the nature and viability of pollen grains may help in predicting the success rate of hybridization and the successful crosses between C. frutescens var. baccatum and C. annuum var. acuminatum suggest that these two varieties are the closest genetically.

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Characterization of Flowering Time and Pollen Production in Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) towards a Strategy for the Selection of Elite Male Genotypes

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10040592 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 592

Author(s):

Noemi Tel Zur ◽

Ronen Rothschild ◽

Udi Zurgil ◽

Yiftach Vaknin

Keyword(s):

Plant Material ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Simmondsia Chinensis ◽

Flowering Period ◽

High Demand ◽

Viable Pollen ◽

Pollen Productivity ◽

Selection Of

The seeds of the dioecious shrub jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider) yield a liquid wax that is in high demand for the cosmetics industry. While elite female cultivars of this species are currently clonally propagated, male plants are grown from seed, resulting in large variations in both the flowering period and the pollen viability, and hence large variation in yields. We characterized the existing male plant material in a local plantation as a platform for future selection of elite male cultivars that would produce sufficient amounts of viable pollen throughout the extended flowering period of the female cultivars. Using as a guide the number of viable pollen grains per 1-m branch, defined here as the calculated effective pollen productivity (EPP), we identified plants with an elevated EPP that flower concurrently with the female cultivars.

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Potential Association of Reactive Oxygen Species With Male Sterility in Peach

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.653256 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yaming Cai ◽

Zhishen Ma ◽

Collins Otieno Ogutu ◽

Lei Zhao ◽

Liao Liao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Male Sterility ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Hybrid Vigor ◽

Abnormal Development ◽

Hybrid Seed Production ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Potential Association ◽

Genetic Mechanisms ◽

Ros Burst ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Male sterility is an important agronomic trait for hybrid vigor utilization and hybrid seed production, but its underlying mechanisms remain to be uncovered. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of male sterility in peach using a combined cytology, physiology, and molecular approach. Cytological features of male sterility include deformed microspores and tapetum cells along with absence of pollen grains. Microspores had smaller nucleus at the mononuclear stage and were compressed into belts and subsequently disappeared in the anther cavity, whereas tapetum cells were swollen and vacuolated, with a delayed degradation to flowering time. Male sterile anthers had an ROS burst and lower levels of major antioxidants, which may cause abnormal development of microspores and tapetum, leading to male sterility in peach. In addition, the male sterility appears to be cytoplasmic in peach, which could be due to sequence variation in the mitochondrial genome. Our results are helpful for further investigation of the genetic mechanisms underlying male sterility in peach.

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The influence of pollen viability on seed set and fruit mass in strawberry (fragaria x ananassa duch.)

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2008.010 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 79-84

Author(s):

Elżbieta Kaczmarska ◽

Agnieszka M. Dobrowolska ◽

Jerzy A. Hortyński

Keyword(s):

Pollen Fertility ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Great Influence ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Fragaria X Ananassa ◽

Strawberry Fruit ◽

Viable Pollen ◽

Small Fruit ◽

Horticultural Plant ◽

Fruit Mass

This research was conducted in 2006 in the Experimental Station of the Department of Genetics and Horticultural Plant Breeding in Felin near Lublin. It included 7 cultivars of strawberry ('Pastel', 'Salut', 'Teresa', 'Jota', 'Paula', 'Senga Sengana', 'Plena') and two selected clones: 2395 and 3995 that belonged to the Department. Analysis of pollen fertility was carried out on the basis of materials collected on five occasions: on May 17 (at the beginning of florescence), May 20 and May 24 (the peak of florescence) and on June 2 and June 13 (the end of florescence). Smear preparations stained with 2% acetocarmin and glycerin solution (1:1) were used to test pollen viability. The highest percent of viable pollen in 2006 was in cultivar 'Jota' (70.88%). The lowest viability had pollen of 'Teresa' cultivar (33.83%). The average content of viable pollen grains was the lowest on May 20 (36.79%). The highest pollen fertility was noted on June 2 (62.15%), the percent of fertile pollen on a similar level was observed on May 17 and 24 and June13. The cultivar 'Jota' was characterized by an increased level of pollen fertility that was quite high during the whole period of florescence. The number of seeds has a great influence on the proper development of spurious strawberry fruit. The mass of seeds from a single fruit has a great influence on the mass of fruits in both large and small fruit categories. Pollen viability affected the mass of seeds on big fruits (r = 0.444), but there is no clear direct relationship between pollen fertility and mass of strawberry fruit(r = -0.193 and r = -0.052).

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CHARACTERIZATION OF A MALE-STERILE SYSTEM WITH A CLOSELY LINKED SEEDLING MARKER TO FACILITATE F1 HYBRID TOMATO SEED PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1168e ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1168e-1168 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Edward C. Tigchelaar

Keyword(s):

Male Sterility ◽

Seed Production ◽

Marker Gene ◽

Hybrid Seed ◽

Hybrid Seed Production ◽

Chromosome 2 ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Tomato Seed ◽

F1 Hybrid

The coupling phase linkages have been synthesized between the gene aw (without anthocyanin) and the male sterile gene ms15 (and its alleles ms26, ms47, and an Israeli source of male sterility). Less than 2 map units separate aw and ms15 on chromosome 2, providing a convenient seedling marker gene to rapidly identify male sterility for both inbred development and hybrid seed production. The seedling marker also provides a convenient marker to rapidly assess hybrid seed purity. Unique features of each of the alleles involved in male sterility and their use in inbred and hybrid development will be described.

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Pollen grain traits of oil species from the Novi Sad collection

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr0903263a ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 263-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jovanka Atlagic ◽

Ana Marjanovic-Jeromela ◽

Radovan Marinkovic ◽

Sreten Terzic

Keyword(s):

Staining Method ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Grain Morphology ◽

Pollen Grain ◽

Viable Pollen ◽

Continuous Work ◽

Novi Sad ◽

Pollen Grain Morphology ◽

Specific Number

The collection of oil species in Novi Sad contains 12 species represented with 1-4 cultivars or landraces. In the continuous work on this collection in the sense of breeding of some of those species and their usage as a source of 'desirable genes' we analyzed pollen grain morphology (shape and size), as well as pollen viability. To determine mentioned pollen traits we used Axiovert 40C microscope together with a software package (AxioVision LE; Rel.4.3.) for measurement of pollen length and width. Pollen viability was determined using a staining method (ALEXANDER, 1969). The results showed that species differ by pollen grain shape (round, egg-shaped, triangular and rod) as well as by shape of exine (thick and spiky, thick to thin). In some species there was a specific number of apertures present (1-11). The size of viable pollen grains ranged from 29,10/12,58? (coriander) to 176,63/169,94? (oil gourd), while non-viable pollen grains were always smaller (27,27/10,97? to 119,62/100,86?) at the same plant species. Pollen viability of most species was around 80%. Lowest pollen viability was found in white flax (56,98%), and the highest in oil pumpkin (91,43%).

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Morphology and pollen viability of Lolium multiflorum Lam.

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542012000200006 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 180-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Renata de Castro Nunes ◽

Fernanda de Oliveira Bustamante ◽

Vânia Helena Techio ◽

Andréa Mittelmann

Keyword(s):

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar Axis ◽

High Rate ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Equatorial Diameter ◽

Breeding Populations

Study and characterization of pollen grains are essential for different areas, especially taxonomy, genetic improvement, phylogeny, and paleobotany. As yet, there are no reports on pollen morphology of genotypes of naturalized Lolium multiflorum Lam., introduced cultivars or breeding populations, diploid or polyploid. Ten genotypes of annual ryegrass (L. multiflorum) were evaluated for the viability of pollen grains using propionic carmine and Alexander's stains, while morphology was assessed by the acetolysis technique. Measures of polar axis (P), equatorial diameter (E), exine thickness, and analysis of pollen grains were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All genotypes showed high rate of pollen viability (> 89%) for both stains. There were differences between genotypes in the following quantitative traits: polar axis, equatorial diameter, exine, endexine, ektexine, and P/E ratio. Pollen grains were characterized as small, monoporates, with circular and non-prominent apertures. In addition to helping distinction of pollen grains, morphometric differences can be used later to compare ploidy levels, thus assisting in breeding programs of the species.

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In vitro pollen viability of maize cultivars at different times of collection

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20151077 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emanoel Sanches Martins ◽

Livia Maria Chamma Davide ◽

Gian José Miranda ◽

Jefferson de Oliveira Barizon ◽

Francisco de Assis Souza Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pollen Viability ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Viable Pollen ◽

Average Percentage ◽

Maize Cultivars ◽

Solid Media ◽

Tetrazolium Staining ◽

Clustering Test

ABSTRACT: In the present study, we aimed to assess the in vitro viability of pollen grains from maize cultivars collected at different times and days in the field. Four cultivars (Sol da Manhã, XB 6012, XB 8010, and BRS 2020) were evaluated from the second to fifth day of anthesis in three times. Pollen samples were evaluated for their in vitro viability through standard germination test in liquid and solid media and tetrazolium staining. The experimental design was completely randomized, in 4x4x3 split-split plots with four replicates. Data were subjected to analysis of variance followed by a means clustering test and linear regression analysis. The average percentage of viable pollen varied according to the day, collection time, and cultivar. In general, XB 8010 and BRS 2020 had the highest frequency of viable pollen. The highest percentages of viable pollen were observed on the second day of anthesis at 10:00h.

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SELFING ABILITY AND MALE STERILITY IN SENECIO VERNALIS WALDST. ET KIT. (ASTERACEAE) FROM ISRAEL

Israel Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.1080/07929978.1994.10676561 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 89-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H.P. Comes

Keyword(s):

Male Sterility ◽

Breeding System ◽

Male Fertility ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Pollen Production ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Ovule Number ◽

Selfing Ability

Two major findings relating to the breeding system of Senecio vernalis from Israel are reported. First, isolation experiments failed to confirm the existence of a widespread, truly self-compatible and predominantly self-pollinating breeding system in Israeli populations of S. vernalis. However, a single S. vernalis plant derived from a natural stand at Jerusalem was found to be self- compatible and strongly self-pollinating. In its progeny, there were signs of inbreeding depression commonly associated with selfed offspring of outbreeding species. Selfing ability ratios in this progeny indicate a single dominant gene for selfing ability in S. vernalis. The implications of these observations for the origin of S. vulgaris are briefly discussed. Second, the occurrence of gynodioecy in S. vernalis populations from Israel is reported. Although male sterile plants are recognizable by the complete absence of pollen on their exposed stigmas, there probably exists a large amount of variation within and between plants for pollen production. Infertile pollen grains of male steriles differ in size, shape, and sculpturing from those of hermaphrodites. At the Mt. of Olives, in Jerusalem, the frequency of male steriles was found to be 9.1%. There is some preliminary evidence for differences in floret (= ovule) number between the two gender types. Although the inheritance of male sterility appears to be predominantly cytoplasmically controlled, additional mechanisms restoring male fertility have to be postulated to account for the data observed in one of the crosses. The male sterility system in S. vernalis should therefore be referred to as “nuclear-cytoplasmic.”

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Identification and Confirmation of RAPD and SCAR Markers Linked to the ms-3 Gene Controlling Male Sterility in Melon (Cucumis melo L.)

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.129.6.0819 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 129 (6) ◽

pp. 819-825 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Soon O. Park ◽

Kevin M. Crosby ◽

Rongfeng Huang ◽

T. Erik Mirkov

Keyword(s):

Male Sterility ◽

Seed Production ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Scar Marker ◽

Rapd Marker ◽

Hybrid Seed ◽

Hybrid Seed Production ◽

Scar Markers ◽

Male Sterile ◽

The Cross

Male sterility is an important trait of melon in F1 hybrid seed production. Molecular markers linked to a male-sterile gene would be useful in transferring male sterility into fertile melon cultivars and breeding lines. However, markers linked to the ms-3 gene for male sterility present in melon have not been reported. Our objectives were to identify randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to the ms-3 gene controlling male sterility using bulked segregant analysis in an F2 population from the melon cross of line ms-3 (male-sterile) × `TAM Dulce' (male-fertile), convert the most tightly linked RAPD marker to the ms-3 gene into a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker based on a specific forward and reverse 20-mer primer pair, and confirm the linkage of the RAPD and SCAR markers with the ms-3 gene in an F2 population from the cross of line ms-3 × `Mission' (male-fertile). A single recessive gene controlling male sterility was found in F2 individuals and confirmed in F3 families. Two RAPD markers that displayed an amplified DNA fragment in the male-sterile bulk were detected to be linked to the ms-3 gene in the F2 population from the cross of line ms-3 × `TAM Dulce'. RAPD marker OAM08.650 was closely linked to the ms-3 gene at 2.1 cM. SCAR marker SOAM08.644 was developed on the basis of the specific primer pair designed from the sequence of the RAPD marker OAM08.650. The linked RAPD and SCAR markers were confirmed in the F2 population from the cross of line ms-3 × `Mission' to be consistently linked to the ms-3 gene at 5.2 cM. These markers were also present in 22 heterozygous fertile F1 plants having the ms-3 gene. The RAPD and SCAR markers linked to the ms-3 gene identified, and confirmed here could be utilized for backcrossing of male sterility into elite melon cultivars and lines for use as parents for F1 hybrid seed production.

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