Characterization of machined polystyrene foam

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 372-373
Author(s):  
C. W. Price ◽  
E. F. Lindsey ◽  
R. M. Franks ◽  
M. A. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Surface Finish ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Efficient Technique ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Planar Surfaces ◽  
Machining Characteristics

Diamond-point turning is an efficient technique for machining low-density polystyrene foam, and the surface finish can be substantially improved by grinding. However, both diamond-point turning and grinding tend to tear and fracture cell walls and leave asperities formed by agglomerations of fragmented cell walls. Vibratoming is proving to be an excellent technique to form planar surfaces in polystyrene, and the machining characteristics of vibratoming and diamond-point turning are compared.Our work has demonstrated that proper evaluation of surface structures in low density polystyrene foam requires stereoscopic examinations; tilts of + and − 3 1/2 degrees were used for the stereo pairs. Coating does not seriously distort low-density polystyrene foam. Therefore, the specimens were gold-palladium coated and examined in a Hitachi S-800 FESEM at 5 kV.

Stereoscopic analyses of surfaces on polystyrene foam

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 706-707
Author(s):  
E.F. Lindsey ◽  
C. W. Price ◽  
R. M. Franks ◽  
M. A. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
Surface Finishes ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Geometric Surface

Analysis of surface finishes on machined polystyrene foam presents a unique challenge when the cell size of the foam is of the order of or larger than desired surface finishes. Ideally, the surface could be defined as the geometric surface formed by the locus of the severed edges of the cell walls. However, both machining and grinding tend to rip and fracture cell walls and leave asperities formed by agglomerations of fragmented cell walls. Machined geometric surfaces can be defined as the locus of the tips of the asperities, but the surface in between asperities can extend several cell layers below the asperities. The severe nature of this problem is emphasized by stereoscopic examinations of fractured, machined and ground, and cryo-vibratomed polystyrene surfaces in the SEM.Since coating does not seriously distort low-density polystyrene foam, the specimens were gold-palladium coated for examination in a Hitachi S-800 FESEM at 5 kV. Stereo pairs were obtained using tilts of + and − 3 1/2 degrees. The polystyrene foam had a cell size that varied between 2 to 11 μm.

Evaluation of sectioning techniques for Electron Microscopic analyses of low-density polyethylene foams

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 880-881
Author(s):  
P. L. McCarthy ◽  
C. W. Price
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Freeze Fracturing ◽  
Planar Surfaces ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Sem Analyses

Cell sizes of low-density polyethylene foams in the range of 0.5 to 5μm are most conveniently measured by SEM analyses. Unfortunately, the cell walls are relatively weak and fragile membranes that either collapse or are severely distorted by conventional surface preparation and sectioning techniques. Sectioning damage can be circumvented to some extent by freeze fracturing. However, fractures tend to propagate through the weakest structural features, they can be associated with severe deformation, even at liquid nitrogen temperatures, and they frequently do not yield planar surfaces for reliable statistical measurements. Therefore, alternate sectioning techniques were evaluated. The most promising techniques are vibrotome sectioning and ultramicrotomy. These techniques are compared with freeze fracturing using SEM examinations of carbon-coated specimens prepared from the same batch of foam.

Characterization of Low Density Glass Filled Epoxies

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Quesenberry ◽  
Phillip H. Madison ◽  
Robert E. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Low Density

Biochemical and Morphological Characterization of Heterotrophic Crypthecodinium cohnii and Chlorella vulgaris Cell Walls

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 2226-2235
Author(s):  
Greta Canelli ◽  
Patricia Murciano Martínez ◽  
Sean Austin ◽  
Mark E. Ambühl ◽  
Fabiola Dionisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Crypthecodinium Cohnii

scholarly journals The Effect of Polymer Waste Addition on the Compressive Strength and Water Absorption of Geopolymer Ceramics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3540
Author(s):  
Numfor Linda Bih ◽  
Assia Aboubakar Mahamat ◽  
Jechonias Bidossèssi Hounkpè ◽  
Peter Azikiwe Onwualu ◽  
Emmanuel E. Boakye
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Pull Out

The quantity of polymer waste in our communities is increasing significantly. It is therefore necessary to consider reuse or recycling waste to avoid an increase in the risk to public health. This project is aimed at using pulverized low-density polyethylene (LDPE) waste as a source to reinforce and improve compressive strength, and to reduce the water absorption of geopolymer ceramics (GC). Clay:LDPE composition consisting of 5%, 10%, and 15% LDPE was geopolymerized with an NaOH/Na2SiO3 solution and cured at 30 °C and 50 °C. Characterization of the geopolymer samples was carried out using XRF and XRD. The microstructure was analyzed by SEM and chemical bonding by FTIR. The SEM micrographs showed LDPE particle pull-out on the geopolymer ceramics’ fracture surface. The result showed that the compressive strength increases with the addition of pulverized polymer waste compared to the controlled without LDPE addition. Water absorption decreased with an increase in LDPE addition in the geopolymer ceramics composite.

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