Effect of Soybean (Glycine max)Cultivar, Tillage, and Rye (Secale cereale)Mulch on Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donn G. Shilling ◽  
Barry J. Brecke ◽  
Clifton Hiebsch ◽  
Gregory MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Senna Obtusifolia ◽  
Biomass Reduction

Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of soybean cultivar, tillage, and rye mulch on sicklepod growth. Early-season sicklepod height was not affected by tillage or mulch. Sicklepod was tallest when grown with ‘Centennial’ or ‘Biloxi,’ the tallest cultivars, and shortest when grown with a dwarf isoline of ‘Tracy M,’ the shortest cultivar. Soybean competition reduced early-season weed density by 30 to 50%, depending on the cultivar. Centennial and dwarf Tracy M caused a 30% reduction in early-season sicklepod biomass while ‘Sharkey’ and Biloxi reduced sicklepod growth by 40%. By late-season, sicklepod biomass reduction ranged from 18% (Tracy M) to 55% (Biloxi) and was directly related to soybean cultivar height. Mulch or no-tillage independently reduced sicklepod biomass.

Red Rice (Oryza sativa) andEchinochloaspp. Control in Texas Gulf Coast Soybean (Glycine max)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Noldin ◽  
James M. Chandler ◽  
Garry N. McCauley ◽  
John W. Sij
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Texas Gulf Coast ◽  
Ac 263,222

Field studies were conducted from 1992 to 1994 to evaluate herbicides applied preplant incorporated (PPI), preemergence (PRE), and postemergence (POST) for red rice andEchinochloaspp. control in soybean. Metolachlor PPI at 3.4 kg ai/ha controlled red rice late season 90 to 92%. Alachlor at 4.5 kg ai/ha and SAN 582H at 2.2 or 3.4 kg ai/ha, PPI or PRE, metolachlor plus imazaquin at 2.8 + 0.14 kg ai/ha PRE, and quizalofop-P POST at 0.07 kg ai/ha provided 83 to 95% red rice control in at least 2 of 3 yr. The addition of imazaquin to metolachlor or pendimethalin did not improve red rice control. Early-seasonEchinochloaspp. control with trifluralin, pendimethalin, and pendimethalin + imazaquin applied PPI; metolachlor, SAN 582H at 2.2 or 3.4 kg/ha, and metolachlor + imazaquin applied PPI or PRE; alachlor, AC 263,222 + imazaquin, and AC 263,222 + imazethapyr applied PRE; and sethoxydim and quizalofop-P applied POST was 90 to 100% in at least 2 of 3 yr. However,Echinochloaspp. control decreased for all treatments later in the season. Pendimethalin applied PPI at 2.2 kg ai/ha or in mixture with imazaquin at 1.7 + 0.14 kg ai/ha injured soybean 14 to 34% in 2 yr. Trifluralin PPI, SAN 582H at 2.2 or 3.4 kg/ha PPI or PRE, imazaquin PPI, metolachlor + imazaquin PPI or PRE, and AC 263,222 + imazethapyr injured soybean 12 to 41% in at least 1 of 3 yr.

Soybean (Glycine max) cultivar tolerance to saflufenacil

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1319-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Miller ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Trevor E. Kraus ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

Miller, R. T., Soltani, N., Robinson, D. E., Kraus, T. E. and Sikkema, P. H. 2012. Soybean (Glycine max) cultivar tolerance to saflufenacil. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1319–1328. Six field studies were conducted over a 2-yr period (2009 and 2010) at three Ontario locations to determine the sensitivity of 12 glyphosate-resistant soybean cultivars to saflufenacil applied preemergence (PRE). The level of crop injury was dependent on environmental conditions shortly after application. When soybean emergence was delayed due to cool, wet conditions following planting, 52 and 59 g a.i. ha−1 of saflufenacil resulted in 10% injury 1 wk after emergence (WAE) in cultivars OAC Hanover and RCAT Matrix, respectively. In the other environments, greater than 200 g a.i. ha−1 of saflufenacil was required to induce the same level of injury at 1 WAE. Injury decreased with time; however, the more sensitive soybean cultivars were unable to recover from early-season injury sustained under adverse environmental conditions. A hydroponic bioassay was developed to screen differences in soybean tolerance to saflufenacil. OAC Hanover was more sensitive than all the other cultivars in both field and hydroponic testing (P<0.05). OAC Hanover yield was reduced regardless of environmental conditions. Under cool, wet conditions, 22 g a.i. ha−1 of saflufenacil resulted in a 10% yield reduction, while 46 g a.i. ha−1 was needed under warm dry conditions. All other cultivars required between 82 and 146 g a.i. ha−1 to obtain the same level of yield reduction. This research demonstrates that there is a difference in soybean cultivar sensitivity to saflufenacil applied PRE.

Influence of Shading by Soybeans (Glycine max) on Weed Suppression

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Murphy ◽  
B. J. Gossett
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Annual Weeds

Field studies were conducted at Florence and Clemson, South Carolina to measure the influence of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] planting dates on the length of early-season weed control needed to prevent yield reductions, the rate of shade development, and suppression of annual weeds by soybeans. The rate of shade development was similar for both planting dates during the 9- to 11-week period after planting for Florence and Clemson, respectively. The period of weed-free maintenance required to prevent soybean yield reductions was not affected by planting dates. With cultivation between rows, early- and late-planted soybeans required 3 weeks of weed-free maintenance to achieve maximum yields. Lower weed weights resulted from late than early soybean plantings. At Clemson, 3 weeks of weed-free maintenance for early and late plantings reduced weed weights 97 and 91%, respectively. Weed weights at Florence were reduced 85% with 3 weeks of weed-free maintenance for the late plantings, whereas 5 weeks were required to reduce weed weights 88% for early plantings.

scholarly journals Response of Sesame to Selected Herbicides Applied Early in the Growing Season

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Jack J. Rose ◽  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
Todd A. Baughman ◽  
D. Ray Langham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
No Reduction ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Growth chamber experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of sesame to PRE and POST applications of soil residual herbicides. PRE applications of acetochlor andS-metolachlor at 1.26 and 1.43 kg ai·ha−1showed little or no sesame injury (0 to 1%) 4 wks after herbicide treatments (WAT). POST treatments of acetochlor and trifluralin made 3 wks after planting (WAP) resulted in greater sesame injury (40%) compared to applications at bloom (18%). Field studies were conducted in Texas and Oklahoma during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons to determine sesame response to clethodim, diuron, fluometuron, ethalfluralin, quizalofop-P, pendimethalin, pyroxasulfone, trifluralin, and trifloxysulfuron-sodium applied 2, 3, or 4 weeks after planting (WAP). Late-season sesame injury with the dinitroaniline herbicides consisted of a proliferation of primary branching at the upper nodes of the sesame plant (in the shape/form of a broom). Ethalfluralin and trifluralin caused more “brooming” effect than pendimethalin. Some yield reductions were noted with the dinitroaniline herbicides. Trifloxysulfuron-sodium caused the greatest injury (up to 97%) and resulted in yield reductions from the untreated check. Early-season diuron injury (leaf chlorosis and necrosis) decreased as application timing was delayed, and late-season injury was virtually nonexistent with only slight chlorosis (<4%) still apparent on the lower leaves. Sesame yield was not consistently affected by the diuron treatments. Fluometuron caused early-season injury (stunting/chlorosis), and a reduction of yield was observed at one location. Pyroxasulfone applied 2 WAP caused up to 25% sesame injury (stunting) but did not result in a yield reduction. Quizalofop-P caused slight injury (<5%) and no reduction in yield.

Weed Control in Soybean (Glycine max) with Flumetsulam, Cloransulam, and Diclosulam

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Andrew C. Bennett ◽  
Donald L. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Pitted Morningglory

Cloransulam postemergence (POST), diclosulam preemergence (PRE), and flumetsulam preplant incorporated (PPI) and POST were evaluated in six trials at two locations for control of sicklepod and pitted morningglory in soybean. Sicklepod control with cloransulam plus flumetsulam POST was equivalent to chlorimuron POST in seven of eight comparisons both 3 and 6 wk after treatment. Sicklepod control with cloransulam POST was equivalent to chlorimuron in only three of eight comparisons 3 wk after treatment, but late-season control was equivalent in five of six comparisons. Pitted morningglory control with cloransulam alone or in tank-mixture with flumetsulam POST was equivalent to chlorimuron in all comparisons. Control of sicklepod and pitted morningglory was greater in most comparisons when a POST application followed flumetsulam plus trifluralin PPI compared to only trifluralin PPI. In a total PRE stale seedbed system, where all treatments were tank-mixed with pendimethalin plus glyphosate, sicklepod control with all rates of flumetsulam and 26 or 35 g ai/ha diclosulam was equivalent to the standard treatment of imazaquin or metribuzin plus chlorimuron. None of the total PRE programs controlled sicklepod as well as when glyphosate was applied sequentially POST. Pitted morningglory was controlled 83 to 93% with 26 or 35 g/ha diclosulam, equivalent to imazaquin, metribuzin plus chlorimuron, or sequential glyphosate applications 8 wk after the PRE application. Increasing flumetsulam rate increased pitted morningglory control early season, but flumetsulam was not as effective as the other herbicides.

Itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) Control Options in Soybean (Glycine max)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Control Options ◽  
One Year ◽  
Rottboellia Cochinchinensis

In field studies trifluralin and pendimethalin at 1.7 kg ai ha-1applied PPI controlled itchgrass 87 and 78%, respectively, in late season when averaged over a 2-yr period. Clomazone at 1.1 kg ai ha-1applied PRE to the soil surface in one year controlled 80% of itchgrass compared with 51% when applied PPI. POST application of 0.15 kg ai ha-1fluazifop-P, 0.21 kg ai ha-1haloxyfop, 0.10 kg ai ha-1quizalofop, and 1.1 kg ai ha-1diclofop controlled at least 90%. Itchgrass control was less effective with 0.43 kg ai ha-1sethoxydim and 0.07 kg ai ha-1clethodim POST and poor with 0.15 kg ai ha-1imazaquin and 0.07 kg ai ha-1imazethapyr.

Soybean (Glycine max) Tolerance to Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicides

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Griffin ◽  
Robert J. Habetz
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Mature Plant ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Field studies were conducted on a Crowley silt loam under weed-free conditions to determine herbicidal tolerance of ‘Centennial’ soybeans. Early season phytotoxicity and mature plant height reductions were caused by imazaquin at 140 g ai/ha applied preemergence (PRE) followed by imazaquin applied postemergence (POE) at both 140 (labeled rate) and 280 g/ha and for metribuzin plus chlorimuron at 360 plus 60 g ai/ha PRE followed by chlorimuron POE at 18 g/ha (double rate). Soybean yields, averaged across 3 yr, were reduced only for metribuzin plus chlorimuron PRE followed by chlorimuron POE at both 9 and 18 g/ha (10 and 15%, respectively).

Effect of Crop Species, Tillage, and Rye (Secale cereale) Mulch on Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry J. Brecke ◽  
Donn G. Shilling
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Whole Plant

Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of crop species, tillage, and rye mulch on sicklepod growth. Competition from soybean and sunflower reduced sicklepod biomass by 19 and 77%, respectively. Sicklepod height was reduced by rye mulch. Rye root residue caused 49% reduction in sicklepod biomass, while whole plant rye mulch reduced weed growth an additional 12%. Crop competition reduced sicklepod shoot biomass to a greater extent when rye residue was present. Crop seed yield was 32% lower in tilled plots compared with no-tillage due to more weed competition in the tilled plots. In the presence of rye root residue, soybean yield showed a two-fold increase over no mulch or whole plant rye mulch. Sunflower yield increased by 30% in the presence of rye residue compared with no mulch.

scholarly journals Evaluating Mustard Seed Meal for Weed Suppression in Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick A. Boydston ◽  
Steven F. Vaughn ◽  
Charles L. Webber III ◽  
Bernardo Chaves-Cordoba
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Grass Weed

Mustard seed meal (MSM) derived from Sinapis alba controls weeds for several weeks following application to soil, but also has potential to injure the planted crop. Producers of certified organic potatoes typically utilize a combination of cover crops, soil hilling, harrowing, and cultivation for weed control. Once the potato canopy nears row closure, most late emerging weeds are suppressed by the dense potato canopy. MSM may have value for early season weed suppression in potato, but has not been previously tested. Our objectives were to determine the weed control efficacy and potato tolerance to MSM. We evaluated response of potatoes and weeds to MSM applied at 1.1, 2.2, and 4.5 MT ha-1 applied in a band on the potato hill just after a shallow harrowing and prior to potato emergence as part of an integrated weed management program in potatoes. MSM applied at 2.2 and 4.5 MT ha-1 reduced early season grass and broadleaf weed density 73 to 99% and 54 to 98%, respectively, in potato and reduced late season broadleaf weed biomass 71 to 94% in all three years tested. Early season grass weed density in potato was reduced by MSM at 2.2 and 4.5 MT ha-1. Late season grass weed biomass was reduced by the highest rate of 4.5 MT ha-1. MSM at 4.5 MT ha-1 caused minor injury to potato (3 to 15%) at 3 weeks after emergence, but did not reduce total tuber yields or percentage of US No.1 tubers. MSM could be a component of an integrated weed control program in potato.

Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) and Entireleaf Morningglory (Ipomoea hederaceavar.integriuscula) Management in Soybean (Glycine max) with Flumetsulam

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Jennings ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
Roger B. Batts ◽  
A. Stanley Culpepper
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Foreign Matter ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Senna Obtusifolia ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Narrow Row

Systems consisting of flumetsulam, metribuzin plus chlorimuron, or imazaquin applied PPI with trifluralin or PRE with metolachlor were compared with and without chlorimuron POST for control of sicklepod and entireleaf morningglory in narrow-row soybean at four locations. Control of sicklepod and entireleaf morningglory by soil-applied herbicides was generally inadequate. Control of sicklepod by flumetsulam exceeded control by metribuzin plus chlorimuron or imazaquin at one location. Entireleaf morningglory control by flumetsulam was similar to or less than control by metribuzin plus chlorimuron or imazaquin. Chlorimuron POST was a more important component of management systems for these weeds than was flumetsulam, metribuzin plus chlorimuron, or imazaquin PPI or PRE. Pooled over soil-applied herbicides, chlorimuron POST increased late-season control of sicklepod and entireleaf morningglory 25 to 61% and 22 to 54%, respectively; increased soybean yield 20 to 55%; decreased foreign matter contamination 5 to 13%; and increased net returns $34 to $185/ha. When used in conjunction with chlorimuron POST, flumetsulam, metribuzin plus chlorimuron, and imazaquin applied PPI with trifluralin or PRE with metolachlor increased late-season control of sicklepod and entireleaf morningglory only when control by trifluralin or metolachlor followed by chlorimuron POST was less than 66 and 77%, respectively.

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