scholarly journals Response of Sesame to Selected Herbicides Applied Early in the Growing Season

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Jack J. Rose ◽  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
Todd A. Baughman ◽  
D. Ray Langham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
No Reduction ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Growth chamber experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of sesame to PRE and POST applications of soil residual herbicides. PRE applications of acetochlor andS-metolachlor at 1.26 and 1.43 kg ai·ha−1showed little or no sesame injury (0 to 1%) 4 wks after herbicide treatments (WAT). POST treatments of acetochlor and trifluralin made 3 wks after planting (WAP) resulted in greater sesame injury (40%) compared to applications at bloom (18%). Field studies were conducted in Texas and Oklahoma during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons to determine sesame response to clethodim, diuron, fluometuron, ethalfluralin, quizalofop-P, pendimethalin, pyroxasulfone, trifluralin, and trifloxysulfuron-sodium applied 2, 3, or 4 weeks after planting (WAP). Late-season sesame injury with the dinitroaniline herbicides consisted of a proliferation of primary branching at the upper nodes of the sesame plant (in the shape/form of a broom). Ethalfluralin and trifluralin caused more “brooming” effect than pendimethalin. Some yield reductions were noted with the dinitroaniline herbicides. Trifloxysulfuron-sodium caused the greatest injury (up to 97%) and resulted in yield reductions from the untreated check. Early-season diuron injury (leaf chlorosis and necrosis) decreased as application timing was delayed, and late-season injury was virtually nonexistent with only slight chlorosis (<4%) still apparent on the lower leaves. Sesame yield was not consistently affected by the diuron treatments. Fluometuron caused early-season injury (stunting/chlorosis), and a reduction of yield was observed at one location. Pyroxasulfone applied 2 WAP caused up to 25% sesame injury (stunting) but did not result in a yield reduction. Quizalofop-P caused slight injury (<5%) and no reduction in yield.

scholarly journals Using Quinclorac to Control Annual Grasses and Palmer Amaranth in Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
James Grichar ◽  
Travis Janak
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
South Central ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Field studies were conducted during the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons in south-central Texas to determine control of Palmer amaranth and annual grasses along with grain sorghum tolerance to quinclorac alone and in various combinations when applied to weeds < 5 cm (EPOST) or 10 to 16 cm tall (LPOST). When evaluated late-season quinclorac alone at 0.43 kg ae ha-1 controlled broadleaf signalgrass 72% when applied EPOST and 91% when applied LPOST. Combinations of quinclorac with either atrazine, pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil, dicamba, or dimethenamid-P controlled Palmer amaranth 88 to 100% when applied EPOST or LPOST; however, broadleaf signalgrass control with these combination was better when applied LPOST (75 to 95%) compared with EPOST (37 to 72%) applications. Texas millet control with quinclorac was poor in both years and was never greater than 54%. Quinclorac plus either atrazine, pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil, dicamba, or atrazine + dimethenamid-P caused at least 20% sorghum injury at one of three locations. No yield reductions from the untreated check were noted in either year; however, in 2016 all treatments with the exception of quinclorac alone at 0.29 kg ha-1 applied EPOST, quinclorac + pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil applied LPOST, quinclorac + atrazine + pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil applied LPOST, and quinclorac + dicamba at either application timing produced yields that were greater than the untreated check.

Use of the Premix of Atrazine, Bicyclopyrone, S-Metolachlor, and Mesotrione for Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Scott A. Nolte ◽  
Matthew E. Matocha ◽  
Paul Baumann ◽  
Jourdan M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
South Central ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Brachiaria Platyphylla

Field studies were conducted under conventional tillage from 2014 through the 2018 growing seasons in central, south-central, and the Panhandle regions of Texas to determine corn tolerance and weed efficacy of the four-way premix of atrazine plus bicyclopyrone plus mesotrione plus S-metolachlor (hereafter referred to as ABMS).  No corn injury was noted at any location with any ABMS dose or application timing.  Preemergence (PRE) applications of ABMS at 2.41 kg ha-1 controlled Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) 73 to 100% while smellmelon (Cucumis melo L.) control was 100%.  Annual sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) control with ABMS at 2.41 kg ha-1 was 86% while a split application applied PRE followed by a postemergence (POST) application provided 99% control.  Texas millet (Urochloa texana Buckl.) control with ABMS applied PRE ranged from 12 to 35% while broadleaf signalgrass (Brachiaria platyphylla [Griseb.] Nash) control was 100%.  Browntop panicum [Urochloa fasciculate (Sw.) R. Webster] control with a PRE application of ABMS at 2.41 kg ai ha-1 was < 82% while jungle rice [Echinochloa colona (L.) Link] control was 98%.  Control of a kochia (Kochia scoparia L.) with PRE applications of ABMS at 2.41 kg ha-1 was 95% while the split rate of 1.2 kg ha-1 applied PRE and POST provided 99% control.  Corn yields were variable but in most instances all herbicide treatments improved yield over the untreated check.  Excellent control of broadleaf weeds was observed with ABMS; however, annual grass control can be variable, especially with large-seeded annual grasses such as Texas millet.

scholarly journals Weed Control and Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Tolerance to Pyrasulfotole plus Bromoxynil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan D. Fromme ◽  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Carlos J. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Better Than

Field studies were conducted during the 2008 and 2009 growing seasons at five locations in the Texas grain sorghum producing regions to evaluate pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil combinations for weed control and grain sorghum response. All pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil combinations controlledAmaranthus palmeri,Cucumis melo, andProboscidea louisianicaat least 94% while control ofUrochloa texanawas never better than 69%. Pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil combinations did result in early season chlorosis and stunting; however, by the end of the growing season no visual injury or stunting differences were noted when compared to the untreated check. Early season grain sorghum chlorosis and stunting with pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil combinations did not affect grain sorghum yields with the exception of pyrasulfotole at 0.03 kg ai/ha plus bromoxynil at 0.26 kg ai/ha plus atrazine at 0.58 kg ai/ha applied early postemergence followed by pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil applied mid-postemergence which reduced yield at one of two locations in 2008. Grain sorghum yield increased following all pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil treatments compared to the untreated check in 2009.

scholarly journals Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Response to Delayed Applications of Preemergence Herbicides Applied 3 or 6 Day after Emergence

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-50
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Jack J. Rose ◽  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
Joyce A. Tredaway ◽  
Muthukumar Bagavathiannan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Significant Injury

Aims: Field studies were conducted to determine sesame response to the pre-emergence herbicides (acetochlor at 1.7 kg ai ha-1; S-metolachlor at 0.72, 1.43, and 2.86 kg ai ha-1; dimethenamid-P at 0.84 kg ai ha-1; pethoxamid at 0.22 kg ai ha-1; pyroxasulfone at 0.09 kg ai ha-1and bicyclopyrone at 0.12 and 0.24 kg ai ha-1) applied 3 or 6 days after 50% emergence. Study Design:  Randomized complete block design with 3-4 reps depending on location. Place and Duration of Study: Sesame growing areas of Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas during the 2016 through 2018 growing seasons. Methodology: Treatments consisted of a factorial arrangement of herbicide treatments at two early POST application timings. A non-treated control was included for comparison. Crop oil concentrate (Agridex®, Helena, Collierville, TN 38017) at 1.0% v/v was added to all herbicide treatments. Plot size was either five rows (76 cm apart) by 9.1 m or four rows (101 cm apart) by 7.3 m depending on location. Only the two middle rows were sprayed and the other rows were untreated and served as buffers. Sesame cultivars were seeded approximately 1.0 to 2.0 cm deep at 9 kg/ha at all locations. Injury was evaluated early-season, 7 to 27 days after herbicide application (DAA), and later, 28 to 147 DAA, based on a scale of 0 (no sesame injury) to 100 (complete sesame death). Injury consisted of stuntingand leaf chlorosis and/or necrosis. Results: All herbicides tested resulted in significant injury to sesame at some location and application timing. None of the herbicides evaluated are safe to use early POST on sesame without causing significant injury.  Conclusion: The ability of sesame to recover from significant injury and compensate for injury led to no yield loss in many instances. However, levels of injury observed are not acceptable by growers and will not allow the use of these herbicides soon after sesame emergence.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Synthetic Pyrethroids, Bidrin, and Fipronil for Control of Tarnished Plant Bug, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-246
Author(s):  
T. G. Teague ◽  
N. P. Tugwell
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Experiment Station ◽  
Untreated Check

Abstract Field studies were conducted at the Cotton Branch Experiment Station in Marianna, AR to evaluate the late-season control of TPB. Cotton was planted 12 May in 8-row (38-inch centers) wide by 70-ft-long plots with 10-ft alleys and separated by a 6.5-ft non-planted buffer. The treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. The insecticides were applied 14 Aug using a 8-row CO2-charged hi-boy sprayer calibrated to deliver 9.5 gpa at 30 psi with TJ-60 8002 VS nozzles on 19-inch spacing. The numbers of TPB nymphs and adults per plot were estimated 4 DAT using 24 sweeps with one 18-inch net. Numbers of TPB 4 DAT were significantly reduced in all plots sprayed with insecticides compared with the untreated check. Control with the CS formu-lation of Karate was reduced compared with the EC formulation.

Influence of Herbicides and Timing of Application on Broadleaf Weed Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 708-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Ac 263,222

Field studies were conducted from 1992 through 1994 to evaluate application timing of seven postemergence (POST) broadleaf herbicides alone and in mixtures for control of eclipta and pitted morningglory. Imazethapyr and 2,4-DB did not control eclipta while AC 263,222 applied early postemergence (EPOST) at 0.07 kg/ha provided greater than 90% control in 2 of 3 yr. EPOST applications of bentazon, acifluorfen + bentazon, and pyridate controlled eclipta at least 92% all 3 yr. Lactofen applied EPOST at 0.28 kg/ha provided similar levels of eclipta control in 2 of 3 yr. Imazethapyr controlled pitted morningglory > 70% when applied EPOST. AC 263,222 controlled pitted morningglory a minimum of 83% when applied EPOST at 0.04 or 0.07 kg/ha. Pitted morningglory control was at least 85% with 2,4-DB applied alone or in a mixture with AC 263,222, acifluorfen, imazethapyr, lactofen, or pyridate. Effective weed control increased peanut yields up to 98% over the untreated check.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Cucurbits to the Herbicides Clomazone, Ethalfluralin and Pendimethalin. II. Watermelon

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy L. Grey ◽  
David C. Bridges ◽  
D. Scott NeSmith
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Direct Seeded

Field studies were conducted in 1993, 1994, and 1995 to determine tolerance of seeded and transplanted watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nak.] to clomazone, ethalfluralin, and pendimethalin using method of stand establishment (directseeded vs. transplanted) and time of herbicide application [preplant soil incorporated (PPI), preplant to the surface (PP), or postplant to the surface (POP)] as variables. Yield and average fruit weight in plots with clomazone were equal to or greater than those in control plots for the 3-year study regardless of method of application. Bleaching and stunting were evident with clomazone in early-season ratings, but injury was transient and did not affect quality or yield. Of the three herbicides, ethalfluralin PPI resulted in the greatest injury, stand reduction, and yield reduction of the three herbicides. Pendimethalin (PPI, PP, or POP) reduced yield of direct-seeded but not of transplanted watermelon. Chemical names used: 2-[(-2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4, 4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone (clomazone); N-ethyl-N-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine (ethalfluralin); N-(1-ethylopropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine (pendimethalin).

Carbamothioate and Chloroacetamide Herbicides for Woolly Cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa) Control in Corn (Zea mays)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Schuh ◽  
R. Gordon Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Woolly Cupgrass ◽  
Eriochloa Villosa

Field experiments were conducted to compare herbicides applied preplant incorporated (PPI), preplant incorporated/preemergence (PPI/PRE), and preplant incorporated/early postemergence (PPI/early POST) to control woolly cupgrass in corn. Although good early-season control of woolly cupgrass from PPI cycloate plus cyanazine, EPTC plus dietholate or SC-0058, and butylate plus cyanazine sometimes was observed, middle- and/or late-season control was often limited. Generally, better woolly cupgrass control and higher corn yields were obtained from split PPI/PRE applications rather than from single PPI applications of alachlor, metolachlor, and acetochlor. The highest and most consistent full-season woolly cupgrass control resulted when cycloate or EPTC plus dietholate applied PPI was followed by cyanazine plus either pendimethalin, alachlor, metolachlor, or acetochlor applied early POST. However, in 1989 adverse weather conditions near the early POST application timing injured corn and reduced yields.

scholarly journals Management of Severe Curly Top in Sugar Beet with Insecticides

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 1159-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl A. Strausbaugh ◽  
Erik J. Wenninger ◽  
Imad A. Eujayl
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Commercial Sugar ◽  
Disease Pressure

Curly top, caused by Curtovirus spp., is a widespread disease problem vectored by the beet leafhopper in semiarid sugar beet production areas. The insecticide seed treatment Poncho Beta has proven to be effective in controlling curly top in sugar beet but was only evaluated under light to moderate disease pressure. Thus, the insecticide seed treatments Poncho Beta, NipsIt INSIDE, and Cruiser Force were evaluated under severe curly top pressure (six viruliferous beet leafhoppers per plant) in field studies during the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons on two commercial sugar beet cultivars. In addition, the foliar insecticides Movento, Provado, and Scorpion were also evaluated. The seed treatments and Scorpion reduced curly top symptoms by 33 to 41% (P < 0.0001) and increased root yield by 55 to 95% (P < 0.0001), sucrose content by 6.5 to 7.2% (P = 0.0013 to <0.0001), and estimated recoverable sucrose by 58 to 96% (P < 0.0001) when compared with the untreated check. Movento and Provado did not improve control beyond that provided by Poncho Beta. Even under severe disease pressure 50 to 55 days after planting, neonicotinoid seed treatments can effectively reduce curly top, increase yield, and help protect against early-season insect pest pressure.

Using Soil-Applied Herbicides in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybeans along the Texas Gulf Coast

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Texas Gulf Coast ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Untreated Check

Field studies were conducted at four locations over a 2-year period to evaluate the utility of soil-applied herbicides and glyphosate timing for weed control and soybean yield. Pendimethalin,S-metolachlor plus metribuzin, and flufenacet plus metribuzin were applied pre-emergence (PRE) alone or followed by glyphosate applied early postemergence (EPOST), late postemergence (LPOST), or EPOST plus LPOST. Soil-applied herbicides or glyphosate alone failed to control (<45%) broadleaf signalgrass in 2003 due to late-season rainfall, which accounted for a late flush of growth. In 2004, soil-applied herbicides alone controlled 79–100% broadleaf signalgrass, whereas glyphosate alone or in combination with soil-applied herbicides controlled at least 99%. Barnyardgrass and tall waterhemp were controlled at least 87% with soil-applied herbicides alone and at least 95% when glyphosate was used alone or in combination with a soil-applied herbicide. Soybean yield varied, but at only one location did herbicide treatments produce higher yields than the untreated check. Under low to moderate weed pressure, the use of a soil-applied herbicide followed by glyphosate failed to increase net returns over soil-applied herbicides alone.

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