Moisture Stress Effects on Absorption and Translocation of Four Foliar-Applied Herbicides

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Reynolds ◽  
Trina G. Wheless ◽  
E. Basler ◽  
Don S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Stress Effects

Laboratory experiments with14C-herbicides were conducted with grain sorghum as an indicator species to determine the effects of imposed moisture stress on absorption, precent recovery, and acropetal and basipetal translocation of the butyl ester of fluazifop, the methyl ester of haloxyfop, the ethyl ester of quizalofop, and sethoxydim. Haloxyfop was the only herbicide where recovery decreased between the 3-and 48-h interval. All plants absorbed more of the herbicide at the 48-h interval than at the 3- or 6-h interval under both stressed and non-stressed conditions. Increased drought stress caused more acropetal movement with fluazifop and sethoxydim and less acropetal movement with quizalofop at the 3-h interval. Basipetal transloation, although different among herbicides, responded similarly to imposed moisture stress, which decreased basipetal translocation approximately 19%.

Application of Fluazifop-P, Haloxyfop, and Quizalofop by Sprinkler Irrigation

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Guy ◽  
Ronald E. Talbert ◽  
James A. Ferguson ◽  
David H. Johnson ◽  
Marilyn R. McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Root Uptake ◽  
Irrigation Application ◽  
Large Crabgrass ◽  
Spray Applications

In field studies, sprinkler irrigation application of the butyl ester of fluazifop-P, the methyl ester of haloxyfop, and the ethyl ester of quizalofop controlled large crabgrass as well as conventional spray applications. In greenhouse investigations, root uptake of the herbicides from sprinkler irrigation applications injured large crabgrass more than root uptake from conventional applications, but large crabgrass injury from shoot uptake was equal with sprinkler irrigation and conventional applications. Droplets with dilute concentrations of herbicide and crop oil, simulating sprinkler irrigation, were more active when applied to the whorl or second leaf than to the first leaf of large crabgrass. An increase in concentration of nonemulsified oil in the treatment solution increased herbicide deposition and retention.

Temperature Effects on Translocation Patterns of Several Herbicides within Quackgrass (Agropyron repens)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
Jack Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Rhizome Growth ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Increasing Temperature

A growth cabinet study was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature on the distribution of several herbicides in quackgrass. Uniformly labeled14C-sucrose and the radiolabeled herbicides glyphosate, sethoxydim, cloproxydim, the butyl ester of fluazifop, the methyl ester of haloxyfop, and the ethyl ester of quizalofop were applied to quackgrass grown at three day / night temperature regimes (10/5, 20/15, and 30/25 C). Seven days after treatment the plants were harvested, lyophilized, and later sectioned, mapped, and oxidized in preparation for14C quantification. Quackgrass rhizome growth was more vigorous at 20/15 than 30/25 or 10/5 C. of the herbicides tested, haloxyfop was the most inhibitory to rhizome growth. Temperature increases from 10/5 to 20/15 or from 20/15 to 30/25 C resulted in more translocation to shoots. Increasing temperature had various effects on translocation to rhizomes depending on the chemical applied. At all three temperature regimes, more14C was recovered from distal than basal buds in plants treated with14C-sethoxydim. In contrast, at all three temperature regimes, similar amounts of14C were recovered from the distal and basal buds of plants treated with 14-C-sucrose.

Postemergence Grass Control Herbicides Applied to the Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 942-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg R. Gillespie ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Exposure

The phytotoxicity of seven herbicides after soil application was determined in the field and greenhouse. Clopropoxydim {(E,E)-2-[1-[[(3-chloro-2-propenyl)oxy] imino] butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one}, sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-(2-ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one}, the methyl ester of haloxyfop {2-[4-[[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid} applied to soil at 0.21 kg/ha, and the methyl ester of diclofop {(±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid}applied to soil at 1.12 kg/ha were phytotoxic to oats (Avena sativaL. ‘Moore’) in the field and greenhouse. These rates are equivalenttopostemergence use rates of these herbicides. DPX-Y6202 {2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-quinoxalinyl)oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid} and the butyl ester of fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid} applied to soil at 0.84 kg/ha or greater were phytotoxic to oats. The ethyl ester of fenoxaprop {(±)-2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyl)oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid} soil applied exhibited very limited phytotoxicity to oats. Oat stands were reduced when oats were seeded into soil treated with clopropoxydim, sethoxydim, haloxyfop, diclofop, DPX-Y6202, fluazifop, and fenoxaprop, with the amount of stand reduction decreasing from clopropoxydim to fenoxaprop. Oat fresh weight reductions were greatest with all herbicides when the herbicides were in contact with all underground parts (shoots, seeds, and roots). Oat fresh weight reductions were greater when either the shoot or seed of the germinating oat plants were exposed to the herbicides compared to root exposure. Foxtail millet (Setaria italicaL. ‘Siberian’) was more susceptible to injury than oats or wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Len’) when seeded into soil treated with any one of the seven postemergence grass control herbicides.

scholarly journals GC-MS ANALYSIS OF INVASIVE AQUATIC WEED, PISTIA STRATIOTES L. AND EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART.) SOLMS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulika Tyagi ◽  
Mala Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Aquatic Weed ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl

Objective: To investigate the bioactive components of an invasive aquatic weed, Pistia stratiotes L. and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms vegetative parts by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS).Methods: The chemical compositions of the ethanol extract of whole plant Pistia stratiotes L. and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms was investigated using Agilent Technologies GC-MS (GC-7890A, MS 5975C).Results: The results of GC-MS analysis of the ethanolic extract revealed the existence of 28 phytochemical compounds in Pistia stratiotes L. n-Hexadecanoic acid,-11-Hexadecenoic acid, ethyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, Octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, 2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 5-hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl, L-Glutamine, 2-Pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl, Linolelaidic acid, methyl ester, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester,(Z,Z,Z), Nonadecane, 12,15-Octadecadiynoic acid, methyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, Diisooctyl phthalate, Docosanoic acid, ethyl ester, Stigmasterol, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether, Ethyl iso-allocholate are the major compound.The ethanolic extract of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms contains 43 phytochemical compounds of high and low molecular weight n-Hexadecanoic acid, E-11-Hexadecenoic acid, ethyl ester, Palmitic acid, Phytol, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienal, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester, Linolenic acid, ethyl ester, Stearic acid, ethyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, α-Glyceryl linolenate, 1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether, Linoleic acid, 2,3-bis-(O-TMS)-propyl ester, Stigmasterol, Linolelaidic acid, methyl ester, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester, (Z,Z,Z), Ethyl iso-allocholate, Cholesta-22,24-dien-5-ol, 4,4-dimethyl are the major compounds.These results indicates Pistia stratiotes L. and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms possess potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antitumour, antiarthritic, cancer preventive, antibacterial effects so can be recommended as a plant of phytopharmaceutical importance.Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Pistia stratiotes L. and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms proves as a potential source of bioactive compounds of pharmacological importance.

scholarly journals Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from the Roots of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801301
Author(s):  
Nguyen Huu Tung ◽  
Le Quoc Hung ◽  
Ha Van Oanh ◽  
Duong Thi Ly Huong ◽  
Phuong Thien Thuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Salvianolic Acid ◽  
Salvianolic Acid A

Danshen ( Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) is one of the most used medicinal plants in the Oriental medicine and has been well studied for application in modern medicine. In our continuing study on chemical constituents of danshen cultivated in Vietnam, using chromatography separation resulted in the isolation of six phenolic compounds including a benzophenone, iriflophenone 2- O- α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), and five phenolic acids including rosmarinic acid (2), rosmarinic acid methyl ester (3), rosmarinic acid ethyl ester (4), salvianolic acid A methyl ester (5) and salvianolic acid A ethyl ester (6) from the butanol portion of the danshen crude extract. Beside the typically main phenolic acid components, to our knowledge, iriflophenone 2- O- α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1) was first isolated from salvia sp. On biological testing, compound 1 showed strong antiproliferative activity on HL-60 leukemia cells with the IC50 of 8.9 μM; compounds 1 and 3–6 inhibited markedly nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells.

Biochar Application and Drought Stress Effects on Physiological Characteristics ofSilybum marianum

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Keshavarz Afshar ◽  
M. Hashemi ◽  
M. DaCosta ◽  
J. Spargo ◽  
A. Sadeghpour
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Stress Effects

Grain Sorghum Water Requirement and Responses to Drought Stress: A Review

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yared Assefa ◽  
Scott A. Staggenborg ◽  
Vara P. V. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Water Requirement

scholarly journals IN SILICO STUDIES OF THE SECONDARY METABOLITES OF SOLANUM TORVUM SW. FOR THEIR ANTIASTHMATIC ACTIVITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Soorya R. ◽  
Dhamodaran P. ◽  
Rajesh Kumar R. ◽  
Duraisamy B.
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Solanum Torvum ◽  
In Silico Studies

Objective: Solanum torvum Sw., Family: Solanaceae, commonly known as Turkey Berry is used by the traditional tribes for the treatment of cold, cough, tuberculosis, hepatotoxicity, cancer, etc. The action of the plant towards the treatment of these diseases has been proven except for asthma. The present study is to prove the antiasthmatic activity of methanolic extract and the secondary metabolites of Solanum torvum Sw using in silico docking studies in compare to reference standard Dexamethasone, a synthetic cortisone derivative.Methods: The GC-MS analysis of the dried methanolic extract of the dried fruits of Solanum torvum Sw. and the total saponin fraction has been carried out to know the important moieties that are responsible for the antiasthmatic activity.Results: The results from the docking studies showed that the compounds Cholesta-5,7,9-(11)-trien-3-ol,4,4-dimethyl, (3á); Lanosta-7,9-(11),20-triene-3α, 18-diol, diacetate and Cholestan-26-oic acid,3,7,12,24-tetrakis (acetyloxy), methyl ester, (3à,5á,7à,12à) were found to have significant scores of-6.8,-6.9 and-6.9 respectively towards Glucocorticoid receptor protein (Gr), (PDB id: 4UDC) which is very similar to the affinity of the standard (-7.1). These compounds passed the drug-likeness test. A modification in the structure can be brought, which makes the compounds more potent. The compounds 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester; Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester; 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z), methyl ester; Oxacycloheptadec-8-en-2-one, (8Z) have passed the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) filter of the drug-likeness test.Conclusion: The antiasthmatic activity of the drug may be due to the similarity with the structure of Dexamethasone. Further research can be carried out in order to improve the clinical significance of these extracts and its metabolites.

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