scholarly journals DNA restriction digest and ribosomal RNA gene patterns ofCampylobacter jejuni: a comparison with bio-, sero-, and bacteriophage-types of United Kingdom outbreak strains

1990 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Owen ◽  
J. Hernandez ◽  
F. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Dna Fingerprints ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The North ◽  
Distinct Strain ◽  
Ofcampylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Dna Restriction

SUMMARYDNA restriction endonuclease (HaeIII andHindIII) total digest and 16S and 23S ribosomal (r)RNA gene patterns (ribopatterns) were determined for 18 isolates ofCampylobacter jejunifrom three separate outbreaks of diarrhoea in the north of England. Strains were also characterized by biotyping, serotyping and phage typing. Comparisons of the DNA patterns by visual and numerical methods revealed five distinct strain groupings with clear differences between isolates from different outbreaks as well as some heterogeneity between strains within the community outbreak and one of the school outbreaks. An excellent correlation was observed between the genomic DNA fingerprints data and the Preston bacteriophage group, both of which gave better discrimination than biotyping and serotyping alone or in combination. Only one phage group (PG 37) was not confirmed by the DNA data. DNA fingerprints therefore provide additional information of value in studying the epidemiology of outbreaks ofC. jejuni.

Economic optimisation of soil testing on commercial farms: space, time and variables

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taro Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Concave Function ◽  
Information Value ◽  
Spatial Sampling ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The North ◽  
Incremental Value ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
The Uk

<p>A holistic evaluation of agricultural systems requires mechanistic understanding of physical, chemical and biological interactions both aboveground and belowground, yet obtaining this information on commercial farms is a challenging task. In order to support practical decision making by commercial producers, it is therefore necessary to identify system-wide performance indicators that are observable presently and cost-effectively. Data acquired through commercial soil testing satisfy these conditions; however, the relationship between the density of information — thus the cost of testing — and the value of information as a guideline for on-farm managerial changes is not well-understood.</p><p>Using high-resolution soil data from the North Wyke Farm Platform in the UK as a case exemplar, this solicited talk discusses theoretical and computational frameworks to quantify the value of an information package defined by soil testing strategies. A bootstrapping experiment revealed that the information value is often a concave function of the spatial sampling frequency, indicating that “half-hearted” soil data are unlikely to be able to inform optimal farm management. On the other hand, a high degree of serial correlation as well as atemporal inter-variable correlation resulted in some measurements identified as being redundant, as the incremental value of additional information was often found to be small and occasionally negative. Given the time and budgetary constraints, therefore, it is suggested that more effort should be spent on snapshot spatial sampling of a small number of variables, rather than continuous spot sampling of a large number of variables.</p>

scholarly journals LOCALIZATION IN THE TOMATO GENOME OF DNA RESTRICTION FRAGMENTS CONTAINING SEQUENCES HOMOLOGOUS TO THE rRNA (45S), THE MAJOR CHLOROPHYLL a/b BINDING POLYPEPTIDE AND THE RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE GENES

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
C E Vallejos ◽  
S D Tanksley ◽  
R Bernatzky
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Restriction Fragments ◽  
Dna Restriction Fragments ◽  
Dna Restriction

ABSTRACT DNA restriction fragments containing sequences homologous to the ribosomal RNA (45s), the major chlorophyll a/b binding polypeptide (CAB) and the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RBCS) genes have been localized and mapped in the tomato nuclear genome by linkage analysis. Ribosomal RNA genes map to a single locus, R45s, which resides in a terminal position on the short arm of chromosome 2 and corresponds to the Nucleolar Organizer Region. The size of the 45s repeating unit is estimated to be approximately 9 kb in Lycopersicon esculentum and 11 kb in Lycopersicon pennellii. Five loci were found to contain CAB sequences. Two of the loci, Cab-1 (chromosome 2) and Cab-3 (chromosome 8), together accounted for more than 80% of the hybridization signal. These loci contain more than one CAB structural gene. The other three loci, Cab-2 (chromosome 8), Cab-4 (chromosome 7) and Cab-5 (chromosome 12), each account for <10% of the total signal and may contain only a single copy of the CAB structural sequence. Three loci were found to contain RBCS sequences. Rbcs-2 (chromosome 3) and Rbcs-3 (chromosome 2) were responsible for >80% of the signal, with the remainder being associated with Rbcs-1 (chromosome 2). Rbcs-2 and Rbcs-3 may contain more than one copy of the gene.

scholarly journals The Politics of A Modest Proposal: Swift and the Irish Crisis of the Late 1720s

2019 ◽  
Vol 244 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian McBride
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
English Language ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
The North ◽  
Modest Proposal ◽  
Food Riots ◽  
Distinct Strain ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Landed Elite

Abstract Swift’s Modest Proposal (1729) is widely regarded as the most brilliant satire in the English language, but its political context has never been properly explored. Some literary scholars have presented the tract as a parody of political economy; others have concentrated on the imputation of cannibalism, the distinguishing mark of the savage, which Swift redirects away from the natives towards the English settlers and their descendants. But nobody has convincingly related A Modest Proposal to the Irish parliamentary debates and pamphlet discussions of the late 1720s, when three successive harvest failures led to food riots in southern ports, large-scale emigration from the north, and thousands of deaths. Nor has anyone seriously investigated Swift’s hatred of the Irish landlord class, which provides A Modest Proposal with its most powerful, animating grievance. During the 1720s disputes over estate management, leasing practices and the relative merits of tillage and pastoral agriculture reflected the spiralling sense that the colonial mission of Ireland’s Protestant elite was on the point of collapse. Swift joined other patriotic commentators in deploring the conversion of arable land to pasture and the resultant expulsion of communities of villagers. Political economists marshalled statistics to demonstrate that human tenants could be as profitable as livestock. A dramatic deterioration in relations between Ireland’s clerical intelligentsia and the landed elite encouraged a distinct strain of social criticism among Anglican clergymen, who blamed landowners for depopulating the countryside ‐ something that Swift repeatedly associated with those barbarous man-eaters of ancient times, the Scythians. For a century and a half the cultivation of Irish soil had been a barometer of the civilising process; consequently the figure of the grazier had become for Swift the epitome of Irish perversity and self-destruction.

scholarly journals New records of 45 bird species in the desert margins area of the North-West Province, South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hudson ◽  
H. Bouwman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Conservation Planning ◽  
New Records ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
North West ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The North ◽  
North West Province ◽  
Human Habitation ◽  
Number Of Visits

New records and possible range extensions are reported on 45 bird species (ca 25% of the 167 species recorded during surveys) in the Bophirima district of the North-West Province, South Africa. The findings were compared with data in The Atlas of Southern African Birds. The main reasons for these new records may be ascribed to the low number of visits during the atlas project, higher precipitation during the time of our observations versus that of the atlas project, and possibly an increased suitability of the area for some bird species due to human habitation. These new records also provide additional information that may be useful in conservation planning, especially in arid areas. Heuningvlei Pan in particular, should be considered for additional conservation measures.

scholarly journals Splitting Credit Risk into Systemic, Sectorial and Idiosyncratic Components

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Alfonso Novales ◽  
Alvaro Chamizo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Credit Default Swap ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The North ◽  
Credit Default ◽  
Highly Correlated

We provide a methodology to estimate a global credit risk factor from credit default swap (CDS) spreads that can be very useful for risk management. The global risk factor (GRF) reproduces quite well the different episodes that have affected the credit market over the sample period. It is highly correlated with standard credit indices, but it contains much higher explanatory power for fluctuations in CDS spreads across sectors than the credit indices themselves. The additional information content over iTraxx seems to be related to some financial interest rates. We first use the estimated GRF to analyze the extent to which the eleven sectors we consider are systemic. After that, we use it to split the credit risk of individual firms into systemic, sectorial, and idiosyncratic components, and we perform some analyses to test that the estimated idiosyncratic components are actually firm-specific. The systemic and sectorial components explain around 65% of credit risk in the European industrial and financial sectors and 50% in the North American sectors, while 35% and 50% of risk, respectively, is of an idiosyncratic nature. Thus, there is a significant margin for portfolio diversification. We also show that our decomposition allows us to identify those firms whose credit would be harder to hedge. We end up analyzing the relationship between the estimated components of risk and some synthetic risk factors, in order to learn about the different nature of the credit risk components.

Phylogeography of black bears (Ursus americanus) of the Pacific Northwest

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 1218-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen D Stone ◽  
Joseph A Cook
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Ursus Americanus ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
And Control

Phylogeographic study across codistributed taxa provides temporal and spatial perspectives on the assemblage of communities. A repeated pattern of intraspecific diversification within several taxa of the Pacific Northwest has been documented, and we contribute additional information to this growing data set. We analyzed variation in two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b and control region) for the black bear (Ursus americanus) and expand previous analyses of phylogeographic variation. Two lineages (coastal and continental) exist; the coastal lineage extends along the Pacific coast from the Takhin River north of Glacier Bay National Park, southeast Alaska, to northern California, whereas the continental lineage is more widespread, occurring from central Alaska to the east coast. Both lineages occur along the coast of southeast Alaska, where interlineage divergence ranged from 3.1 to 3.6% (uncorrected p distances). Multiple lineages of other species have also been identified from southeast Alaska, indicating a complex history for the assembly of biotic communities along the North Pacific coast. The overlapping of the distributions of the black bear lineages with those of other birds and mammals suggests comparable routes of colonization.

scholarly journals Monoclonal antibodies directed against the flagella ofCampylobacter jejuni: cross-reacting and serotypic specificity and potential use in diagnosis

1986 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Faecal Material ◽  
Ofcampylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Flagellar Antigen ◽  
Potential Use

SUMMARYNine monoclonal antibodies directed against the flagella ofCampylobacter jejunistrain 81116 have been investigated for serotypic and cross-reacting activity using a panel of 17 Penner serotype strains ofC. jejuni.Four monoclonal antibodies were exclusively specific for serotype-6 strains, which was the serotype ofC. jejunistrain 81116. Two monoclonal antibodies cross-reacted with all the flagellated strains ofC jejunitested. One of these cross-reacting monoclonal antibodies, CF5, was found to react with all otherCampylobacterspecies exceptC. sputorum bulbulusbut it did not react with other bacterial entcropathogens. An antigencapture ELISA technique was established, using this monoclonal antibody, which could detect flagellar antigen in human faecal material. These anti-flagella monoclonal antibodies therefore may be valuable in the diagnosis and serotyping ofC. jejuniin clinical material.

New records of Serpulidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from hydrothermal vents of North Fiji, Pacific Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2389 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELENA K. KUPRIYANOVA ◽  
EIJIROH NISHI ◽  
MASARU KAWATO ◽  
YOSHIHIRO FUJIWARA
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
New Records ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Serpulidae are sessile suspension-feeding annelids commonly found in the periphery of hydrothermal vents, but up to now only two species, Laminatubus alvini and Protis hydrothermica had been described from such communities. This paper reports two additional serpulid species, collected in 2005 from the North Fiji hydrothermal vent area, identified as Hyalopomatus mironovi and Protis sp. The former has originally been described from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench and the later recorded from the North-East Pacific. The latter species is similar to Protis hydrothermica, but lacks special finand-blade collar chaetae typical of this genus. Illustrated re-descriptions of the two species have been supplemented by molecular sequences (18S ribosomal RNA). Molecular phylogenetic analyses show that Hyalopomatus mironovi and Protis sp. are sister species of Laminatubus alvini and Protis hydrothermica, respectively.

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