scholarly journals Patterns of Rift Valley fever activity in Zambia

1992 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Davies ◽  
E. Kilelu ◽  
K. J. Linthicum ◽  
R. G. Pegram
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Virus Activity ◽  
Cattle Serum

SUMMARYSummary An hypothesis that there was an annual emergence of Rift Valley fever virus in Zambia, during or after the seasonal rains, was examined with the aid of sentinel cattle. Serum samples taken during 1974 and 1978 showed evidence of epizootic Rift Valley fever in Zambia, with more than 80% positive. A sentinel herd exposed from 1982 to 1986 showed that some Rift Valley fever occurred each year. This was usually at a low level, with 3–8% of the susceptible cattle seroconverting. In 1985–6 more than 20% of the animals seroconverted, and this greater activity was associated with vegetational changes - which could be detected by remote-sensing satellite imagery-which have also been associated with greater virus activity in Kenya.

scholarly journals Investigation of Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection Serologically and Pathologically in Aborted Cattle, Sheep, Goats and in Fetuses

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mehmet Kale ◽  
Sibel Hasircioglu ◽  
Özlem Özmen ◽  
Nuri Mamak ◽  
Sibel Gür ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Sheep And Goats

In this study, Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) infection was searched serologically and pathologically in cattle (178 Holstein), sheep (160 native), goats (66 ordinary goats, 98 Honamli goats, 16 Saanen goats) with an abortion history and in unborn cattle (8), sheep (24) and goat (5) fetus. Samples were collected between July 2009 and September 2010. As a result of studying specific antibodies to RVFV by using the c-ELISA method in blood serum samples collected from cattle, sheep and goats suffering abortion, seropositivity was identified in 7 cattle (7/178; 3.93%), 4 sheep (4/160;2.50%) and 18 goats (18/180;10.0%). 18 seropositive goats were distributed according to race as 13 ordinary goats (19.70%), 2 Honamli goats (2.04%) and 3 Saanen goats (18.75%). When liver, spleen and brain samples of the unborn fetus of cattle, sheep and goats were studied histopathologically, no pathological findings on RVFV disease were obtained. Consequently, in this study, where RVFV infection in cattle, sheep and goats raised in Western Mediterranean Region of Turkey was serologically revealed, it was concluded that RVFV did not take place in the aetiology of abortion cases in relevant species. 

scholarly journals Preliminary survey of domestic animals of the Sudan for precipitating antibodies to Rift Valley fever virus

1984 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Eisa
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
The North ◽  
The Rich

SummaryIn a preliminary seroepidemiological survey a total of 780 serum samples derived from various domestic animals of the Sudan were examined for Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus precipitating antibodies. The incidence was approximately 34·3% in sheep, 33·2% in cattle, 22%in goats, 7·9% in camels and 4% in donkeys. The findings indicated that RVF is mainly prevalent in the rich savanna areas of the south as well as the irrigated areas close to the Nile in the north.Circumstantial evidence suggests that the detected antibodies were induced by a long-standing cryptically cycling infection and that resurgence of extensive epizootics is unlikely although limited outbreaks may occur. It is concluded that RVF virus circulates across the country in a south–north range along the Nile Valley with little or no extension to the drier lands to the east and west, and that ruminants are the primary species involved in virus maintenance. These species evidently serve as main amplifiers of infection during epizootics, but whether or not they also serve as sole virus reservoirs in inter-epizootic periods has yet to be determined.

Rift Valley fever virus activity in East Africa in 1989

1992 ◽  
Vol 130 (12) ◽  
pp. 247-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Davies ◽  
T. Logan ◽  
Y. Binepal ◽  
P. Jessen
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Virus Activity

scholarly journals Serological and genomic evidence of Rift Valley fever virus during inter-epidemic periods in Mauritania

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 1058-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. RISSMANN ◽  
M. EIDEN ◽  
B. O. EL MAMY ◽  
K. ISSELMOU ◽  
B. DOUMBIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
And Shifts

SUMMARYRift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging pathogen of major concern throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, affecting both livestock and humans. In the past recurrent epidemics were reported in Mauritania and studies focused on the analysis of samples from affected populations during acute outbreaks. To verify characteristics and presence of RVFV during non-epidemic periods we implemented a multi-stage serological and molecular analysis. Serum samples of small ruminants, cattle and camels were obtained from Mauritania during an inter-epidemic period in 2012–2013. This paper presents a comparative analysis of potential variations and shifts of antibody presence and the capability of inter-epidemic infections in Mauritanian livestock. We observed distinct serological differences between tested species (seroprevalence: small ruminants 3·8%, cattle 15·4%, camels 32·0%). In one single bovine from Nouakchott, a recent RVF infection could be identified by the simultaneous detection of IgM antibodies and viral RNA. This study indicates the occurrence of a low-level enzootic RVFV circulation in livestock in Mauritania. Moreover, results indicate that small ruminants can preferably act as sentinels for RVF surveillance.

scholarly journals Co-circulation of Orthobunyaviruses and Rift Valley Fever Virus in Mauritania, 2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Cichon ◽  
Yahya Barry ◽  
Franziska Stoek ◽  
Abdellah Diambar ◽  
Aliou Ba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Valley Fever

Ngari virus (NRIV) has been mostly detected during concurrent outbreaks of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). NRIV is grouped in the genus Orthobunyavirus within the Bunyaviridae family and RVFV in the genus Phlebovirus in the family Phenuiviridae. Both are zoonotic arboviruses and can induce hemorrhagic fever displaying the same clinical picture in humans and small ruminants. To investigate if NRIV and its parental viruses, Bunyamwera virus (BUNV) and Batai virus (BATV), played a role during the Mauritanian RVF outbreak in 2015/16, we analyzed serum samples of sheep and goats from central and southern regions in Mauritania by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, serum neutralization test (SNT) and ELISA. 41 of 458 samples exhibited neutralizing reactivity against NRIV, nine against BATV and three against BUNV. Moreover, complete virus genomes from BUNV could be recovered from two sheep as well as two NRIV isolates from a goat and a sheep. No RVFV-derived viral RNA was detected, but 81 seropositive animals including 22 IgM-positive individuals were found. Of these specimens, 61 samples revealed antibodies against RVFV and at least against one of the three orthobunyaviruses. An indirect ELISA based on NRIV/BATV and BUNV derived Gc protein was established as complement to SNT, which showed high performance regarding NRIV, but decreased sensitivity and specificity regarding BATV and BUNV. Moreover, we observed high cross-reactivity among NRIV and BATV serological assays. Taken together, the data indicate the co-circulation of at least BUNV and NRIV in the Mauritanian sheep and goat populations.

Molecular detection of Rift Valley fever virus in serum samples from selected areas of Tanzania

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustino Alfred Chengula ◽  
Christopher Jacob Kasanga ◽  
Robinson Hammerthon Mdegela ◽  
Raphael Sallu ◽  
Mmeta Yongolo
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Valley Fever
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