scholarly journals Coxiella burnetii and milk pasteurization: an early application of the precautionary principle?

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 946-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. CERF ◽  
R. CONDRON
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Early Application ◽  
The Precautionary Principle ◽  
Milk Pasteurization

Stringency of milk pasteurization has been established on requirements for Coxiella burnetii as being the most heat-resistant organisms of public heath significance. This paper discusses the estimation of the efficiency of pasteurization time/temperature combinations as required in regulations for food safety. Epidemiological studies have been interpreted as C. burnetii being a significant pathogen causing clinical disease through ingestion of milk. The paper examines the evidence and challenges the designation of C. burnetii as a foodborne pathogen. Consequently it questions the need for pasteurization parameters to be established on its heat resistance characteristics.

Food Safety, Coronavirus and Risk Prevention: Future Perspectives in Four Proposals

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Dario BEVILACQUA
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Risk Prevention ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Sole Purpose ◽  
Codex Alimentarius Commission ◽  
The Precautionary Principle

COVID-19 is a zoonosis, a disease transmitted by an animal to humans. The diffusion of the outbreak is therefore born of an unsuitable, insufficient, excessively permissive food safety system. Hence, the regulation of food safety plays a central role in the protection of health and has done so on a global scale. The overall regulation of food safety therefore requires an increase in the level of health protection, even at the expense of commercial prerogatives. For these purposes, four reform measures are suggested: to transform the Codex Alimentarius Commission into an organisation that adopts international standards with the sole purpose of protecting health; to apply the precautionary principle on a global scale and in international organisations; to strengthen the mandatory labelling tool; and to create a worldwide system of controls.

The optimisation approach of ALARA in nuclear practice: an early application of the Precautionary Principle. Scientific uncertainty versus legal uncertainty

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lierman ◽  
L. Veuchelen
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Scientific Controversy ◽  
Early Application ◽  
The Precautionary Principle ◽  
Legal Sanctions ◽  
Deterrence Effect

The late health effects of exposure to low doses of ionising radiation are subject to scientific controversy: one view finds threats of high cancer incidence exaggerated, while the other view thinks the effects are underestimated. Both views have good scientific arguments in favour of them. Since the nuclear field, both industry and medicine have had to deal with this controversy for many decades. One can argue that the optimisation approach to keep the effective doses as low as reasonably achievable, taking economic and social factors into account (ALARA), is a precautionary approach. However, because of these stochastic effects, no scientific proof can be provided. This paper explores how ALARA and the Precautionary Principle are influential in the legal field and in particular in tort law, because liability should be a strong incentive for safer behaviour. This so-called “deterrence effect” of liability seems to evaporate in today's technical and highly complex society, in particular when dealing with the late health effects of low doses of ionising radiation. Two main issues will be dealt with in the paper:How are the health risks attributable to “low doses” of radiation regulated in nuclear law and what lessons can be learned from the field of radiation protection?What does ALARA have to inform the discussion of the Precautionary Principle and vice-versa, in particular, as far as legal sanctions and liability are concerned?It will be shown that the Precautionary Principle has not yet been sufficiently implemented into nuclear law.

Organismos Genèticamente Modificados y Riesgos Sanitarios y Medioambientales (Genetically Modified Organisms and Sanitary and Environmental Risks) by Justo Corti Varela. Madrid: Editorial Reus, 2010, 406 pp., € 41.50, Softcover.

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-625
Author(s):  
Marcos A. Orellana
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
The Precautionary Principle

Biotechnology is one of the great innovations of our time. While Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) present an advance in food safety and other fields, GMOs also pose risks to human health and biodiversity that are still subject to scientific uncertainty. Given the scientific uncertainty about the risks to people and the environment, the precautionary principle acquires a central role in the debate on these organisms. At the same time, the existence of an adequate regulatory framework that allows the management of those risks becomes critical.

scholarly journals “Five Keys to Safer Food” and COVID-19

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4491
Author(s):  
Nadia San Onofre ◽  
Carla Soler ◽  
J. Francisco Merino-Torres ◽  
Jose M. Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
World Health ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
The Precautionary Principle ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

On 11 March 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) and, up to 18:37 am on 9 December 2021, it has produced 268,440,530 cases and 5,299,511 deaths. This disease, in some patients, included pneumonia and shortness of breath, being transmitted through droplets and aerosols. To date, there is no scientific literature to justify transmission directly from foods. In this review, we applied the precautionary principle for the home and the food industry using the known “Five Keys to Safer Food” manual developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and extended punctually in its core information from five keys, in the light of new COVID-19 evidence, to guarantee a possible food safety tool.

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