scholarly journals Mechanical transmission of lumpy skin disease virus by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus male ticks

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. M. TUPPURAINEN ◽  
J. C. LUBINGA ◽  
W. H. STOLTSZ ◽  
M. TROSKIE ◽  
S. T. CARPENTER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Source Of Infection

SUMMARYLumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically important, acute or sub-acute, viral disease of cattle that occurs across Africa and in the Middle East. The aim of this study was to investigate if lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) can be transmitted mechanically by African brown ear ticks (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neum.). Laboratory-bred R. appendiculatus males were fed on experimentally infected viraemic ‘donor’ cattle. Partially fed male ticks were then transferred to feed on an uninfected ‘recipient’ cow. The recipient animal became viraemic, showed mild clinical signs of LSD and seroconverted. Additionally, R. appendiculatus males were found to transmit LSDV through feeding on skin lacking visible lesions, demonstrating that viraemic animals without lesions at the feeding site of ticks may be a source of infection. This is the first time that transmission of poxviruses by a tick species has been demonstrated and the importance of this mode of transmission in the spread of LSDV in endemic settings is discussed.

scholarly journals Mechanical Transmission of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus by Stomoxys spp. (Stomoxys calsitrans, Stomoxys sitiens, Stomoxys indica), Diptera: Muscidae

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Arman Issimov ◽  
Lespek Kutumbetov ◽  
Mukhit B. Orynbayev ◽  
Berik Khairullin ◽  
Balzhan Myrzakhmetova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Severe Case ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
First Time

Samples collected for PCR from recipient animals tested positive in 5 out of 6 cases, while the virus was isolated from 4 of 6 animals. The clinical signs exhibited by recipient animals were mostly moderate in nature with only one severe case. To our knowledge, this is the first time that transmission of LSDV by three Stomoxys species has been demonstrated, and their role as mechanical vectors of LSDV is indicated.

scholarly journals Mechanical transmission of lumpy skin disease virus by Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. CHIHOTA ◽  
L. F. RENNIE ◽  
R. P. KITCHING ◽  
P. S. MELLOR
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus

Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes are capable of the mechanical transmission of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) from infected to susceptible cattle. Mosquitoes that had fed upon lesions of LSDV-infected cattle were able to transmit virus to susceptible cattle over a period of 2–6 days post-infective feeding. Virus was isolated from the recipient animals in 5 out of 7 cases. The clinical disease recorded in the animals exposed to infected mosquitoes was generally of a mild nature, with only one case being moderate. LSDV has long been suspected to be insect transmitted, but these findings are the first to demonstrate this unequivocally, and they suggest that mosquito species are competent vectors.

Evidence of Transstadial and Mechanical Transmission of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus byAmblyomma hebraeumTicks

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Lubinga ◽  
E. S. M. Tuppurainen ◽  
R. Mahlare ◽  
J. A. W. Coetzer ◽  
W. H. Stoltsz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) emerged in Bangladesh reveals unique genetic features compared to contemporary field strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shukes Chandra Badhy ◽  
Mohammad Golam Azam Chowdhury ◽  
Tirumala Bharani Kumar Settypalli ◽  
Giovanni Cattoli ◽  
Charles Euloge Lamien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sequence Alignments ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus

Abstract Background Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a contagious viral disease of cattle caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). LSD has recently spread in Asia following outbreaks in the Middle East and Europe. The disease emerged in Bangladesh in July 2019 in the Chattogram district, then rapidly spread throughout the entire country. We investigated six LSD outbreaks in Bangladesh to record the clinical signs and collect samples for diagnostic confirmation. Furthermore, we performed the molecular characterization of Bangladesh isolates, analyzing the full RPO30 and GPCR genes and the partial EEV glycoprotein gene. Results Clinical observations revealed common LSD clinical signs in the affected cattle. PCR and real-time PCR, showed the presence of the LSDV genome in samples from all six districts. Phylogenetic analysis and detailed inspection of multiple sequence alignments revealed that Bangladesh isolates differ from common LSDV field isolates encountered in Africa, the Middle East, and Europe, as well as newly emerged LSDV variants in Russia and China. Instead, they were closely related to LSDV KSGP-0240, LSDV NI2490, and LSDV Kenya. Conclusions These results show the importance of continuous monitoring and characterization of circulating strains and the need to continually refine the strategies for differentiating vaccine strains from field viruses.

scholarly journals An investigation of possible routes of transmission of lumpy skin disease virus (Neethling)

1995 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Carn ◽  
R. P. Kitching
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
Clinical Scoring ◽  
Intravenous Inoculation

SUMMARYBritish cattle were infected with the South African (Neethling) strain of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) and their clinical signs monitored over a 3-week period. Different routes of infection were assessed for effect on the clinical characteristics of the disease by using a clinical scoring system. Neither of 2 animals inoculated onto the conjunctival sac showed clinical signs or seroconverted. The intradermal route produced local lesions in 21 of 25 animals, and generalized infection in 4. In contrast the intravenous route produced generalized lesions in 8 of 11 animals. Seven uninfected animals were housed in contact with infected animals for 1 month. None developed clinical signs or produced detectable serum neutralizing antibodies. Six of seven of these animals were then challenged and were fully susceptible to infection. The results suggest that the transmission of LSDV between animals by contagion is extremely inefficient, and that parenteral inoculation of virus is required to establish infection. The high proportion of animals with generalized disease following intravenous inoculation implies that naturally occurring cases of generalized LSD may follow spread by intravenously feeding arthropods.

scholarly journals Using the basic reproduction number to assess the risk of transmission of lumpy skin disease virus by biting insects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Gubbins
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Basic Reproduction Number ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
The Basic Reproduction Number

SummaryIn recent years, lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) has emerged as a major threat to cattle outside Africa, where it is endemic. Although evidence suggests that LSDV is transmitted by the bites of blood sucking arthropods, few studies have assessed the risk of transmission posed by particular vector species. Here this risk is assessed by calculating the basic reproduction number (R0) for transmission of LSDV by five species of biting insect: the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, the biting midge, Culicoides nubeculosus, and three mosquito species, Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Parameters relating to mechanical transmission of LSDV were estimated using new analyses of previously-published data from transmission experiments, while vector life history parameters were derived from the published literature. Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were used to compute R0 for each species and to identify those parameters which influence its magnitude. Results suggest that S. calcitrans is likely to be the most efficient at transmitting LSDV, with Ae. aegypti also an efficient vector. By contrast, C. nubeculosus, An. stephensi, and Cx. quinquefasciatus are likely to be inefficient vectors of LSDV. However, there is considerable uncertainty associated with the estimates of R0, reflecting uncertainty in most of the constituent parameters. Sensitivity analysis suggests that future experimental work should focus on estimating the probability of transmission from insect to bovine and on the virus inactivation rate in insects.

scholarly journals Demonstration of lumpy skin disease virus infection in Amblyomma hebraeum and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks using immunohistochemistry

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy C. Lubinga ◽  
Sarah J. Clift ◽  
Eeva S.M. Tuppurainen ◽  
Wilhem H. Stoltsz ◽  
Shawn Babiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus

Incidence of lumpy skin disease virus with its characterization in vaccinated pregnant Holstein cows in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Samah M. Mosad ◽  
Nesma Rasheed ◽  
Hanaa S. Ali ◽  
Khaled A. S. El-Khabaz ◽  
Eman A. M. Shosha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
Two Samples

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious economically important viral disease of cattle. Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is still circulating in Egypt, despite the annual mass vaccination with sheep pox virus vaccine recommended by the Egyptian authorities. This study was carried out on two farms of pregnant Holstein cows vaccinated with Bovivax LSD-N® Vaccine (farm I) and Servac Capri-C vaccine® (farm II). After 40-60 days post-vaccination, mild clinical signs were detected in 3% of cows on the farm I whereas a more severe clinical infection was developed in 40% of cows on farm II. LSDV was isolated on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of 11 days old embryonated chicken egg (ECEs) and Madin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) tissue culture. LSDV was identified in collected skin tissues by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and histopathological examination. Finally, LSDV was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification at 192 base pair (bp) of the P32 gene and two samples were selected for DNA sequencing. LSDV developed characteristic pock lesions in inoculated ECEs. MDBK cell culture developed a prominent LSDV cytopathic effect at the 3rd passage. Viral particles were detected in the cytoplasm of both epidermal cells and dermal macrophages by TEM. Histopathological examination revealed different lesions correlated withLSDV infection age. LSDV was confirmed in all tested samples by PCR. Our strains (Dakahlia- 2020-1 and Dakahlia- 2020-2) were closely related to other Egyptian LSDV strains on GenBank with 98.2%-100% identity. The present study proved conclusive evidence that the live attenuated sheep poxvirus vaccine poorly protects Egyptian cattle against LSDV, while the LSDV Neethling strain vaccine gave a promising and sufficient protection rate

Attempted mechanical transmission of lumpy skin disease virus by biting insects

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Chihota ◽  
L. F. Rennie ◽  
R. P. Kitching ◽  
P. S. Mellor
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus
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