Are there missed opportunities for vaccinating against hepatitis B among people who inject drugs in the UK?

Abstract Sustaining the impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination on incidence and prevalence of HBV infection requires increasing and maintaining the uptake of vaccine among those at risk. In recent years, the level of vaccine uptake among people who inject drugs (PWID) in the UK has levelled-off. Data (2015–2016) from the national unlinked-anonymous monitoring survey of PWID, an annual survey that collects data from PWID across England, Wales and Northern Ireland, were used to examine HBV vaccine uptake. Data from participants who had injected drugs during the previous year were used to investigate sources of hepatitis B vaccine doses as well as factors associated with vaccine uptake. Among the 3175 anti-HBc-negative participants, 3138 (99%) reported their vaccination status; 23% (714) reported no vaccine uptake. Among those not vaccinated, 447 (63%) reported being sexually active and 116 (16%) reported sharing needles and syringes. Majority of those not vaccinated reported accessing services in the previous year that could have provided hepatitis B vaccine doses. These missed opportunities for vaccinating of PWID indicate a need for additional targeted interventions.

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The Impact of Universal Infant Hepatitis B Immunization on Reducing the Hepatitis B Carrier Rate in Pregnant Women

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiy706 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 220 (7) ◽

pp. 1118-1126 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wei-Ju Su ◽

Shu-Fong Chen ◽

Chin-Hui Yang ◽

Pei-Hung Chuang ◽

Hsiu-Fang Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Screening Program ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Carrier Rate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hbv Vaccine ◽

Hbv Vaccination ◽

The Impact ◽

Universal Infant

Abstract Background The hepatitis B virus (HBV) status of pregnant women affects HBV vaccine failure in their offspring. This study is aimed to investigate the impact of the universal infant HBV vaccination program on the long-term hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) rate in pregnant women. Methods Using the National Immunization Information System, we examined a 32-year period of cross-sectional data on a maternal HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) screening program launched in July 1984. An age-period-cohort model analysis of 940 180 pregnant women screened for July 1996–June 1997 and the years 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016 was applied. Results The annual HBsAg- and HBeAg-seropositive rates decreased from 13.4% and 6.4%, respectively, for the period 1984–1985 to 5.9% and 1.0% in 2016 (P for both trends < .0001). Pregnant women with birth years after July 1986 (the HBV vaccination cohort) had the lowest relative risk (0.27 [95% confidence interval, .26–.28]) of HBsAg positivity compared with birth years before June 1984. Conclusions The birth cohort effect in relation to the universal infant HBV immunization program has effectively reduced the HBV carrier rate in pregnant women and the burden of perinatal HBV infection on the next generation.

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Hepatitis B vaccine uptake amongst at-risk infants: Experience from a dedicated inner city clinic

Public Health ◽

10.1016/j.puhe.2009.07.008 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 123 (9) ◽

pp. 625-627 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. Manikkavasagan ◽

H. El Bashir ◽

A. Green

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Inner City ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Vaccine Uptake

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Factors associated with the uptake of the UK routine childhood immunization schedule in a bi-ethnic population

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa069 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 697-702

Author(s):

Gillian Santorelli ◽

Jane West ◽

Dan Mason ◽

Chris Cartwright ◽

Leena Inamdar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Childhood Vaccination ◽

Foreign Born ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Vaccination Uptake ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Immunization Status ◽

Routine Childhood ◽

The Uk

Abstract Background Various factors associated with vaccination uptake in children have been identified, but no study has examined their overall immunization status and individual vaccine coverage at 1, 2 and 5 years in the UK. Methods Data from 6977 participants in the Born in Bradford cohort were linked to primary care records. Overall immunization status and individual vaccine uptake of the UK routine childhood vaccination schedule was estimated in White British and Pakistani children born between 2007 and 2011, and factors associated with partial uptake in each ethnic group were identified using Poisson regression. Results Vaccine uptake was greater in Pakistani compared with White British children at all ages and for each year examined in this study. Children of foreign-born White British women were more likely to be partially immunized and those of foreign-born Pakistani women were more likely to be fully immunized. Socio-economic factors were strongly associated with uptake, especially among White British women. Conclusions Vaccination uptake is influenced by social and economic environment, ethnicity and maternal country of birth. This suggests that current health education and service delivery may not be effective for some families, including those from different cultural and ethnic backgrounds, who may require targeted interventions to improve immunization uptake.

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Hepatitis B vaccine coverage in short and long stay prisons in Wales, UK 2013–2017 and the impact of the global vaccine shortage

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.065 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (35) ◽

pp. 4872-4876 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stephanie E. Perrett ◽

Simon Cottrell ◽

Anandar Giri Shankar

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

The Impact ◽

Vaccine Shortage

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Uptake and trends in ordering of funded hepatitis B immunisation for priority populations in Victoria, Australia, 2013–2014

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/sh16002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 188

Author(s):

Jennifer H. MacLachlan ◽

Benjamin C. Cowie

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Department Of Health ◽

Priority Populations ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time

Background The Department of Health and Human Services in Victoria provides funded hepatitis B vaccine to many priority groups at risk of acquiring infection. We aimed to determine the uptake of vaccine ordering for at-risk groups over time, to assess any trends and identify any gaps in prevention of hepatitis B for those at risk. Methods: Routinely collected administrative data regarding the indication for vaccine ordered by practitioners were analysed for the period June 2013 to December 2014. Number of doses and courses distributed was determined and compared with the estimated size of the priority populations. Results: During the 18-month period assessed, 20 498 doses of funded hepatitis B vaccine were ordered, equating to ~5700 complete courses, with the overall number of orders per quarter increasing between 2013 and 2014. The most common indication was being a household or sexual contact of people living with hepatitis B (2803 courses, 49.2% of the total), equating to approximately one course per new chronic hepatitis B notification. The remaining doses were largely distributed to people living with HIV (648 courses, 11.4%), people living with hepatitis C (621 courses, 10.9%), and people who inject drugs (594 courses, 10.4%). Conclusions: This analysis demonstrates that access to hepatitis B immunisation among priority populations appears to have increased in Victoria during 2013–14, however it could still be improved. Continued assessment of these data over time will be important to measure the impact of interventions on increasing the reach of the funded vaccine program.

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