scholarly journals The Impact of Universal Infant Hepatitis B Immunization on Reducing the Hepatitis B Carrier Rate in Pregnant Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 220 (7) ◽  
pp. 1118-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Ju Su ◽  
Shu-Fong Chen ◽  
Chin-Hui Yang ◽  
Pei-Hung Chuang ◽  
Hsiu-Fang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Carrier Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Universal Infant

Abstract Background The hepatitis B virus (HBV) status of pregnant women affects HBV vaccine failure in their offspring. This study is aimed to investigate the impact of the universal infant HBV vaccination program on the long-term hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) rate in pregnant women. Methods Using the National Immunization Information System, we examined a 32-year period of cross-sectional data on a maternal HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) screening program launched in July 1984. An age-period-cohort model analysis of 940 180 pregnant women screened for July 1996–June 1997 and the years 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016 was applied. Results The annual HBsAg- and HBeAg-seropositive rates decreased from 13.4% and 6.4%, respectively, for the period 1984–1985 to 5.9% and 1.0% in 2016 (P for both trends < .0001). Pregnant women with birth years after July 1986 (the HBV vaccination cohort) had the lowest relative risk (0.27 [95% confidence interval, .26–.28]) of HBsAg positivity compared with birth years before June 1984. Conclusions The birth cohort effect in relation to the universal infant HBV immunization program has effectively reduced the HBV carrier rate in pregnant women and the burden of perinatal HBV infection on the next generation.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B and Asymptomatic Malaria Infection among Pregnant Women in a Semiurban Community of North-Central Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Cornelius Arome Omatola ◽  
Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
History Of

Background. The overlap of malaria and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infections present a major threat to public health throughout endemic countries of tropical and sub-Saharan Africa. There is a paucity of data on the prevalence and associated factors of malaria and HBV infections among pregnant women in Ejule, a semiurban area of Nigeria. Therefore, the current study was designed to assess the seroprevalence of malaria and HBV among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Ejule Metropolis. Materials and Methods. In a hospital-based cross-sectional study, blood samples collected from 200 apparently healthy pregnant women at the Ilemona Clinic were screened for Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) and HBsAg using histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), respectively. Relevant sociodemographic and putative risk factor information was obtained with structured questionnaires. Results. The prevalence of the infections was 44 (22%), 5 (2.5%), and 1 (0.5%) for P. falciparum monoinfection and HBV monoinfection and coinfection, respectively. Single and concurrent infections peaked at ages 31–40 years but decreased with older ages. High P. falciparum, 31 (59.62%), and HBV 2 (3.85%) infection were observed among those without formal education. Contrary to ages, occupation, and knowledge of infection, malaria parasitemia differed significantly with lower educational qualification ( p ≤ 0.001 ), being single ( p = 0.001 ), and inconsistent use of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) ( p = 0.04 , OR = 5, CI: 0.10–0.47). History of blood donation (OR = 5, p = 0.04 , CI: 1.10–32.80) and multiple sex partners (OR = 11.9, p = 0.01 , CI: 0.01–0.93) were found to be significantly associated with hepatitis B surface antigenemia rate during pregnancy. No evidence of HBV infection was observed in women with a history of HBV vaccination. Conclusions. Malaria is still highly prevalent among pregnant women due to high illiteracy and noncompliance to using ITNs. Therefore, routine screening and educating pregnant mothers are crucial in eliminating malaria in endemic settings. The low rate of hepatitis B and coinfection with malaria shows that further improvement in HBV vaccination could considerably reduce the disease burden among pregnant women.

scholarly journals Analisis faktor keikutsertaan screening hepatitis “B” pada ibu hamil

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Dedi Apriadi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Hepatitis B Screening ◽  
The Impact

Background: Nagan Raya Regency is included in the top 5 districts/cities with the fourth highest number of hepatitis in Aceh Province. The hepatitis B screening program has not been implemented properly. The impact of the low coverage of this program affects public ignorance about the spread of hepatitis B from sufferers to other communities.Objective: This study aims to analyze the participation factors for Hepatitis B screening in pregnant women in the working area of the Ujong Patihah Health Center.Method: This research design is cross sectional study, in 2021. Data were collected using a questionnaire with a sample size of 220 pregnant women. Data collection was carried out by direct interviews with respondents, using a questionnaire instrument. Data analysis used the Cgi-square statistical test with a significance level of 95%, and continued with multivariate analysis using the Binary Logistics Regression test.Results: Bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between knowledge (p= 0.022), mother's attitude (p= 0.010), husband's role (p = 0.018), role of health workers (p = 0.028) and participation in hepatitis B screening, while education did not affect participation in hepatitis B screening (p= 0.668). Multivariate results showed that the mother's attitude was the dominant factor for participation in hepatitis B screening (OR= 2.24).Conclusion: Positive attitudes had a 2.24 times relationship to the participation of pregnant women in hepatitis B screening than negative attitudes. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of Viremic hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and HIV infection, and vaccination status among prisoners in Stockholm County

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Gahrton ◽  
Gabriel Westman ◽  
Karin Lindahl ◽  
Fredrik Öhrn ◽  
Olav Dalgard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Stockholm County ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Vaccination

Abstract Background Identification and knowledge of settings with high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is important when aiming for elimination of HCV. The primary aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of viremic HCV infection among Swedish prisoners. Secondary aims were to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the proportion who have received hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination. Methods A cross-sectional study of all incarcerated persons (n = 667) at all prisons (n = 9) in Stockholm County was conducted. All prisoners are routinely offered opt-in screening for HCV antibodies (anti-HCV), HCV RNA, HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc and HIV Ag/Ab at prison in Sweden. Data on the results of these tests and the number of received HBV vaccine doses were collected from the prison medical records. The parameters of HCV RNA, anti-HCV, and occurrence of testing for HCV were analysed in multiple logistic regression models in relation to age, sex and prison security class. Results The median age was 35 (IQR 26–44) years, and 93.4% were men. Seventy-one percent (n = 471) had been tested for anti-HCV, 70% (n = 465) for HBsAg and 71% (n = 471) for HIV. The prevalence of anti-HCV, HCV RNA, HBsAg and HIV Ag/Ab was 17.0, 11.5, 1.9, and 0.2%, respectively among tested persons. The proportion of prisoners who had received full HBV vaccination was 40.6% (n = 271) among all study subjects. Conclusions The prevalence of viremic HCV infection among Swedish prisoners in Stockholm County was 11.5%, which is high in comparison to the general population. Therefore, when aiming for the WHO goal of HCV elimination, prisons could suit as a platform for identification and treatment of HCV infection. There is a need to increase testing for blood-borne viruses and to improve vaccination coverage against HBV in Swedish prisons.

scholarly journals Ineffectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination in cirrhotic patients waiting for liver transplantation

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (suppl b) ◽  
pp. 59B-63B ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Villeneuve ◽  
Jean Vincelette ◽  
Jean-Pierre Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
De Novo Hepatitis B ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

Cirrhotic patients who undergo liver transplantation are at risk of acquiring de novo hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection at the time of transplantation. It is common practice to immunize these patients against HBV, but the efficacy of vaccination is uncertain. The response to vaccination with a recombinant HBV vaccine was examined in 49 patients with cirrhosis before liver transplantation. Patients received three doses (20 µg) of Engerix-B (SmithKline Beecham) at zero, one and two months before transplantation, and their response was measured on the day of liver transplantation (9.3±1.2 months after the initial dose of vaccine). Results were compared with those reported in healthy adults vaccinated according to the same schedule. Fourteen of 49 cirrhotic patients (28%) developed antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) levels of more than 10 U/L after vaccination compared with 97% of healthy controls. Four patients (8%) had anti-HBs levels of more than 100 U/L compared with 83% in healthy individuals. Mean anti-HBs titre in the 14 responders was 62 U/L compared with 348 U/L in controls. No factor was identified that predicted response to vaccination. One of 49 patients acquired de novo HBV infection at the time of liver transplantation. Current HBV vaccination of cirrhotic patients waiting for liver transplantation is ineffective, and new strategies need to be developed to increase the response rate.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Preference, and Willingness to Pay for Hepatitis B Vaccination Services among Woman of Reproductive Age in Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anh Tuan Le Nguyen ◽  
Xuan Thanh Thi Le ◽  
Toan Thanh Thi Do ◽  
Cuong Tat Nguyen ◽  
Long Hoang Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Hbv Vaccination

Background. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine is a critical approach to prevent HBV transmission from mother to child. However, despite high HBV prevalence, evidence about the preference of women of productive age for HBV vaccine in Vietnam was constrained. This study aims to explore the preference and willingness to pay (WTP) for the HBV vaccine in Vietnamese women in productive age. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hanoi in April 2016. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information about respondents’ socioeconomic status and knowledge about HBV vaccination. A contingent valuation approach was employed to measure the WTP for the HBV vaccine. Logistic and interval regressions were used to determine the associated factors. Results. Among 807 women, 80.8% were willing to have the vaccine injected which had the average price of 108,600 VND (95% CI, 97,580 VND–119,570 VND). Participants not suffering any diseases during pregnancy were more likely to be willing to pay for the HBV vaccine (OR = 3.41, 95% CI = 1.73–6.70). Not having the antenatal examination at central hospitals and working as farmers/workers were positively correlated with willingness to pay for this vaccine, while the number of children of respondents had a negative correlation with WTP. Conclusions. Our sampled women expressed a high willingness to pay for the vaccine. The price people were willing to pay for the vaccine, however, is equal to half of the actual price. These findings implied needs for better targeted public education interventions about HBV and the involvement of local medical staffs and the media in providing information. Efforts to reduce the price of the vaccine should also be warranted for scaling-up the coverage of this vaccine.

scholarly journals 1057. CpG-adjuvanted Hepatitis B vaccination improves seroprotection rates in Veterans with HIV

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S558-S558
Author(s):  
Meagan Deming ◽  
Shyam Kottilil ◽  
Eleanor Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Panel Member ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Responses ◽  
Hbv Vaccination

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a global health issue, leading to complications including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Individuals co-infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and HBV have increased liver-related morbidity and mortality compared to those with HBV mono-infection. Vaccination can effectively prevent HBV infection, but certain critical populations including people living with HIV (PLWH) are less likely to achieve seroprotection (antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAb) titer ≥ 10 IU/mL) after vaccination; seroprotection rates (SPR) in PLWH range from 34 to 88% in clinical trials, with improved SPR in those with immunologic reconstitution and viral suppression. With improved immunologic status, SPR have dramatically improved in our Veteran Infectious Disease clinic population. However, a subset of patients remain HBV vaccine nonresponders despite re-vaccination attempts, perhaps due to intrinsic immunologic anergy. We hypothesized that Veterans with HIV who were nonresponders to prior HBV vaccines may respond to a more immunogenic vaccine. Heplisav-B is a 2-dose series, with improved SPR in other classically difficult to vaccinate groups (including the elderly and those with diabetes), but has not yet been studied in individuals with HIV. Methods HBV vaccine nonresponders who had previously been vaccinated and boosted with median 3 and up to 8 doses of alum-adjuvanted HBV vaccines were re-vaccinated with Heplisav-B. HBsAb titers were assessed at days 0, 30, and 60 to follow vaccine responses. Results Participants had a median age of 65 (range 44 to 83) and were virologically suppressed on antiretroviral therapy. Enrollment and vaccination was interrupted by the COVID-10 pandemic, but 8 of 10 (80%) enrolled participants had seroprotective titers at day 60, with 6 having titers &gt; 1000 IU/mL. Of the 8 additional participants who had available serologies after the first dose, all were seroprotected, and 3 had titers &gt; 1000 IU/mL.16 of 18 (89%) participants achieved seroprotection with Heplisav-B. Conclusion Heplisav-B is immunogenic in persons with HIV and should be a reasonable option for HBV vaccination of PLWH who are previous nonresponders. Disclosures Shyam Kottilil, MD PhD, Arbutus Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Gilead Sciences (Grant/Research Support)Merck Inc (Grant/Research Support, Advisor or Review Panel member)

scholarly journals The association between protection motivation and hepatitis b vaccination intention among migrant workers in Tianjin, China: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai Liu ◽  
Stephen Nicholas ◽  
Wang Jian
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Vaccination

Abstract Background: Migrant workers are a susceptible population to the hepatitis b virus (HBV) and a vulnerable spot in China’s immunization procedures. There is no free HBV immunization program for migrant workers in China, so understanding migrant workers’ motivation to receive the HBV vaccine is the first step in designing effective immunization policies.Methods: A fully specified protection motivation theory (PMT) model of HBV vaccination intention among migrant workers was specified. Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey of 406 migrant workers in three migrant-dense industries in Tianjin, China. Principal component factor analysis was used to produce PMT factors and nested binary logistic regression modeling was applied to assess the associations between protection motivation and HBV vaccination intention of migrant workers.Results: The nested binary logistic regression model suggested that the severity factor and self-efficacy factor were positively related to HBV vaccination intention (OR=2.15, 95% CI: 1.25-3.71; OR=2.75, 95% CI: 1.62-4.66) while the response costs was negatively related to the HBV vaccination motivation (OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.29-0.83). The socio-demographic variables showed that younger, married and good self-rated health status participants were statistically associated with the intention of taking the HBV vaccine. Sex, education level and income group were not significantly associated with vaccination intention. The migrant-industry variables showed that migrant location had a strong effect on migrant workers’ vaccination intention.Conclusion: Socio-demographic, migrant-industry variables and PMT factors (severity, self-efficacy and response costs) were statistically associated with migrant workers’ intention to vaccinate. Our results suggest that health policy makers should provide more information to migrants on HBV severity; inform migrant workers on where, when and how to get the HBV vaccine; tap into work organizations as a location for vaccinations; and identify migrant worker subgroups for targeted interventions.

STUDY OF PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN (HBSAG) IN BLOOD DONOR POPULATION BORN PRIOR TO AND AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF HBV VACCINATION IN KERALA, SOUTH INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-67
Author(s):  
Indu . P.K
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donor ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Vaccination

BACKGROUND: Since 1995 Hepatitis B vaccination became a part of Extended immunization Program (EIP) in India, neonates started getting immunoprophylaxis against Hepatitis B virus. Since vaccination started recently, exact prevalence of immunized persons were not available, but anyway vaccinated blood donors over 18 years old are progressively increasing MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study 2400 blood donors were screened for HBsAg by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays, among the donor blood samples which are positive for HBsAg were noted. Various demographic patterns of blood donor were analyzed. To know about impact of vaccination on prevalence HBV infection among donors who born after the implementation of mandatory HBV vaccination schedule was compared with blood donors those who are born before HBV vaccination schedule RESULTS: Among the blood donors overall prevalence of HBV infection was 0.75% HBsAg. HBV vaccinated blood donor were protected from getting disease ,showing P value of 18 years (0.07), 19 years(0.01), 20 years(0.02) CONCLUSION: Young blood donors born after implementation of universal HBV vaccination in lndia presented higher prevalence of HBsAg but lower incidence of HBsAg seroconversion than older. HBV vaccine boosting for adolescents at 15–17 years old prior to reaching blood donor age may improve blood safety.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of a nurse-delivered home dried blood spot service on uptake of testing for household contacts of hepatitis B-infected pregnant women across two London trusts

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (10) ◽  
pp. 2087-2097 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. KEEL ◽  
G. EDWARDS ◽  
J. FLOOD ◽  
G. NIXON ◽  
K. BEEBEEJAUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Dried Blood Spot ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Home Based ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Blood Spot

SUMMARYDespite national guidance recommending testing and vaccination of household contacts of hepatitis B-infected pregnant women, provision and uptake of this is sub-optimal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of in-home dried blood spot (DBS) testing to increase testing and vaccination of household contacts of hepatitis B-infected pregnant women as an alternative approach to conventional primary-care follow-up. The study was conducted across two London maternity trusts (North Middlesex and Newham). All hepatitis B surface antigen-positive pregnant women identified through these trusts were eligible for inclusion. The intervention of in-home DBS testing for household contacts was introduced at North Middlesex Trust from November 2010 to December 2011. Data on testing and vaccination uptake from GP records across the two trusts were compared between baseline (2009) and intervention (2010–2011) periods. In-home DBS service increased testing uptake for all ages (P < 0·001) with the biggest impact seen in partners, where testing increased from 30·3% during the baseline period to 96·6% during the intervention period in North Middlesex Trust. Although impact on vaccine uptake was less marked, improvements were observed for adults. The provision of nurse-led home-based DBS may be useful in areas of high prevalence.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B, HIV, and Syphilis Seroprevalence in Pregnant Women and Blood Donors in Cameroon

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie Dionne-Odom ◽  
Rahel Mbah ◽  
Nicole J. Rembert ◽  
Samuel Tancho ◽  
Gregory E. Halle-Ekane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Seroprevalence Data ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objectives. We estimated seroprevalence and correlates of selected infections in pregnant women and blood donors in a resource-limited setting.Methods. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of laboratory seroprevalence data from pregnant women and voluntary blood donors from facilities in Cameroon in 2014. Rapid tests were performed to detect hepatitis B surface antigen, syphilis treponemal antibodies, and HIV-1/2 antibodies. Blood donations were also tested for hepatitis C and malaria.Results. The seroprevalence rates and ranges among 7069 pregnant women were hepatitis B 4.4% (1.1–9.6%), HIV 6% (3.0–10.2%), and syphilis 1.7% (1.3–3.8%) with significant variability among the sites. Correlates of infection in pregnancy in adjusted regression models included urban residence for hepatitis B (aOR 2.9, CI 1.6–5.4) and HIV (aOR 3.5, CI 1.9–6.7). Blood donor seroprevalence rates and ranges were hepatitis B 6.8% (5.0–8.8%), HIV 2.2% (1.4–2.8%), syphilis 4% (3.3–4.5%), malaria 1.9%, and hepatitis C 1.7% (0.5–2.5%).Conclusions. Hepatitis B, HIV, and syphilis infections are common among pregnant women and blood donors in Cameroon with higher rates in urban areas. Future interventions to reduce vertical transmission should include universal screening for these infections early in pregnancy and provision of effective prevention tools including the birth dose of univalent hepatitis B vaccine.

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