Altruism and Desert

Utilitas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-325
Author(s):  
Sean Clancy
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Moral Reason ◽  
Moral Reasons ◽  
Turn On ◽  
To Receive

AbstractSuppose that virtue is intrinsically morally good, and that we have a pro tanto moral reason to act in ways which promote it. Further suppose that the failure of agents to receive what they deserve is intrinsically morally bad, and that we have a pro tanto moral reason not to act in ways which frustrate desert. When we are deciding whether to encourage others to make altruistic sacrifices, these two pro tanto moral reasons come into conflict. To encourage such sacrifices promotes virtue; it also causes virtuous agents to be worse off, preventing them from receiving their deserts. I argue that these effects on desert can reduce the moral desirability of promoting altruism so significantly as to make it morally wrong. This has implications for public policy, since certain practical questions turn on the extent to which we ought to rely on altruism as a means of solving social problems.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Rachel Kahn Best
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Agenda Setting ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Contentious Politics ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Or Organization

For more than a century, disease campaigns have been the causes Americans ask their neighbors to donate to and the issues that inspire them to march and volunteer. Studies of social movements, interest groups, agenda setting, and social problems tend to focus on contentious politics and study one movement or organization at a time. But these approaches cannot reveal why disease campaigns are the battles Americans can agree to fight, why some diseases attract more attention than others, and how fighting one disease at a time changes charity and public policy. Understanding the causes and effects of disease campaigns, requires studying consensus politics and collecting data on fields of organizations over long time periods.

Field experiments and public policy: festina lente

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
GLENN W. HARRISON
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Current State ◽  
To Receive

AbstractThe current state of the art in field experiments does not give me any confidence that we should be assuming that we have anything worth scaling, assuming we really care about the expected welfare of those about to receive the instant intervention. At the very least, we should be honest and explicit about the need for strong priors about the welfare effects of changes in averages of observables to warrant scaling. What we need is a healthy dose of theory and the implied econometrics.

scholarly journals Presidential Particularism and US Trade Politics

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Lowande ◽  
Jeffery A. Jenkins ◽  
Andrew J. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Distributive Politics ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Electoral Incentives ◽  
Trade Politics ◽  
Domestic Spending ◽  
Grant Allocation ◽  
To Receive

Research on presidential distributive politics focuses almost exclusively on federal domestic spending. Yet, presidential influence on public policy extends well-beyond grant allocation. Since the early 20th Century, for example, the president has had substantial discretion to adjust tariff schedules and non-tariff barriers “with the stroke of a pen.” These trade adjustments via presidential directive allow us to test the logic of presidential particularism in an area of policy understudied among presidency scholars. We examine unilateral adjustments to US trade policies between 1917 and 2006, with a detailed analysis of those made between 1986 and 2006, and find that presidents—in accordance with electoral incentives—strategically allocate trade protections to industries in politically valuable states. In general, states in which the president lacks a comfortable electoral majority are systematically more likely to receive protectionist unilateral orders. Overall, our results show that the president’s distributive imperative extends into the realm of foreign affairs, an arena in which the president has substantial authority to influence public policy.

A Practical Approach to the New German Foreign Investment Regime – Lessons to be Learned from Merger Control

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Stork
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Safe Harbour ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
To Receive

The author presents in this paper the new German foreign investment regime entered into force in the spring of 2009. He sets out the basic principles of the regime as well as its enforcement in practice. According to the new German foreign investment regime, the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) may examine and prohibit purchases of German companies by foreign investors if they pose a severe threat to public policy or security. Certain transactions, however, fall within the “safe harbour” or are otherwise exempted so that the BMWi has no right of interference. The author presents several exemptions from the scope of application of the regime, which can be either identified from the wording of the law by reverse argument or derived from the spirit and purpose of the new foreign investment regime. Furthermore, by presenting the concept of so called “critical infrastructures”, the paper gives valuable guidance to practitioners on what the German administration might consider relevant for public policy or security. The last part of the paper summarizes the filing and the review process. The parties may, in order to receive clearance for their transaction, notify their transactions to the BMWi and receive a certificate of non-objection. While, this notification is wholly voluntary, parties who do not apply for clearance bear the risk that their transactions are blocked or unwound if the BMWi decides to investigate the transaction within three months from signing ex officio.

scholarly journals Remote Control Switching System Based on Wireless Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Luh Kadek Pracanthi Dyah Sekartaji ◽  
Nyoman Pramaita ◽  
Nyoman Gunantara
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Remote Control ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Design System ◽  
Switching System ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Remote Control System ◽  
Transmission Distance ◽  
Receiver System ◽  
To Receive

Remote control switching system is used to control the switching of the electrical and electronic appliances from a distance. This remote serves to facilitate the use of the switching of electrical, and electronic appliances for people with disabilities, and the elderly. This paper develops a remote control system using radio frequency technology utilizing the principle of wireless system. The remote control system is constructed by RF433 module as the transmitter, and receiver, IC HT12E module as the encoder, and IC HT12D module as the decoder. To achieve the aim of this research: a transmitter system is designed to transmit a signal when the keypad is pressed; a receiver system is designed to receive the signal from the transmitter system, then the system will turn on and turn off the loads. Based on experimental results, this design system is capable to turn on and turn off the loads with a transmission distance up to 18 meters, without obstruction, and 15 meters with obstruction.  

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