H2O2 accumulation from photochemical production and atmospheric wet deposition in Antarctic coastal and off-shore waters of Potter Cove, King George Island, South Shetland Islands

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Abele ◽  
Gustavo A. Ferreyra ◽  
Irene Schloss
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
High Energy ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
King George Island ◽  
The South ◽  
Potter Cove ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Snowfall Event

Temporal and spatial variations of the hydrogen peroxide accumulation were measured in off-shore waters and in intertidal rockpools near Jubany Station, King George Island, South Shetland Islands. As H2O2 photoformation is mainly driven by the short wavelength radiation in the UV-B and the UV-A range of the solar spectrum, the study was conducted between the beginning of October and the end of December 1995, the period of Antarctic spring ozone depletion. Wet deposition of H2O2 containing snow was identified as a major source of hydrogen peroxide in the surface waters of Potter Cove. As the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in Potter Cove surface waters were low (121 ± 59 μmol Cl−1), when compared to the highly eutrophicated waters on the German Wadden coast (6000–7000 μmol Cl−1), direct UV-induced DOC photo-oxidation was of only limited significance in the Antarctic sampling site. Nonetheless, under experimental conditions, H2O2 photoformation in Potter Cove surface waters amounted to 90 ± 40 nmol H2O2 h−1 l−1 under a UV-transparent quartz plate. When high energy UV-B photons were cut-off by a WG320 filter formation continued at a rate of 66 ± 29 nmol H2O2 h−1 l−1 due to UV-A and visible light photons. Samples from freshly deposited snow contained between 10 000 and 13 600 nmol H2O2 l−1, and a snowfall event in mid November resulted in a maximum concentration of 1450 nmol H2O2 l−1 in the upper 10 cm layer of Potter Cove surface waters. Maximal H2O2 concentrations in intertidal rockpools were even higher and reached up to 2000 nmol H2O2 l−1 after the snowfall event. During a grid survey on December 17 1995, H2O2 concentrations and salinity displayed a north to south gradient, with higher concentrations and PSU at the south coast of the cove. The reasons for this spatial inhomogenety are as yet unknown, but may relate to a minor local input of photo-reactive organic matter from creeks entering the cove in the south-east, as well as to waste water discharge from the station, located on the south beach.

scholarly journals Microbial biogeography during austral summer 2007 in the surface waters around the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
LM Olsen ◽  
MV Ardelan ◽  
CD Hewes ◽  
O Holm-Hansen ◽  
C Reiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
The South ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Microbial Biogeography

scholarly journals Two additions to the moss flora of the South Shetland Islands in the maritime Antarctic

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Wierzgoń ◽  
Tomasz Suchan ◽  
Michał Ronikier
Keyword(s):  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Maritime Antarctic ◽  
The South ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Glacial Cover ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
First Time

<em>Tortella fragilis</em> (Drumm.) Limpr. (Pottiaceae) and <em>Bryum nivale</em> Müll. Hal. (Bryaceae) are recorded for the first time from the South Shetland Islands in the northern maritime Antarctic. They were discovered in the Admiralty Bay area on King George Island, the largest island of this archipelago. The two species are briefly characterized morphologically, their habitats are described, and their distribution in the Antarctic is mapped. Discovery of these species has increased the documented moss flora of King George Island to 67 species, strengthening it in the leading position among individual areas with the richest diversity of moss flora in Antarctica. Likewise, <em>T. fragilis</em> and <em>B. nivale</em> represent remarkable additions to the moss flora of the South Shetland Islands, which currently consists of 92 species and one variety, making this archipelago by far the richest bryofloristically amongst large geographic regions of the Antarctic. Comparison of recent (2018) and old (1985) photographs revealed a significant retreat of glacial cover and suggests that the collection site was likely opened for colonization only within the last several decades. The record of <em>T. fragilis</em> is biogeographically relevant, and constitutes an intermediate site between the species’ occurrences in the Antarctic Peninsula and southern South America. The present record of <em>B. nivale</em> is the fourth discovery of the species worldwide, which may be helpful for the future designation of the distribution of this extremely rare species.

scholarly journals Southern elephant seal movements and Antarctic sea ice

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bornemann ◽  
M. Kreyscher ◽  
S. Ramdohr ◽  
T. Martin ◽  
A. Carlini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Mirounga Leonina ◽  
King George Island ◽  
The South ◽  
Elephant Seals ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Pack Ice ◽  
The Antarctic

Weaned pups and post-moult female elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) were fitted with satellite transmitters at King George Island (South Shetland Islands) between December 1996 and February 1997. Of the nine adult females tracked for more than two months, three stayed in a localized area between the South Shetland Islands and the South Orkney Islands. The other six females travelled south-west along the coast of the Antarctic Peninsula up to the Bellingshausen Sea. Two of them then moved north-east and hauled out on South Georgia in October. One female was last located north of the South Shetland Islands in March 1998. In total, eight females were again sighted on King George Island and six of the transmitters removed. The tracks of the weaners contrasted with those of the adults. In January, five juveniles left King George Island for the Pacific sector spending about four weeks in the open sea west of the De Gerlache Seamounts. Three of them returned to the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula in June, of which one was last located on the Patagonian Shelf in November 1997. The juveniles avoided sea ice while the adults did not. The latter displayed behavioural differences in using the pack ice habitat during winter. Some females adjusted their movement patterns to the pulsating sea ice fringe in distant foraging areas while others ranged in closed pack ice of up to 100%. The feeding grounds of adult female elephant seals are more closely associated with the pack ice zone than previously assumed. The significance of the midwater fish Pleuragramma antarcticum as a potential food resource is discussed.

scholarly journals First documented record of barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) in the Antarctic

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Korczak-Abshire ◽  
Alexander Lees ◽  
Agata Jojczyk
Keyword(s):  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Hirundo Rustica ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
King George Island ◽  
The South ◽  
Barn Swallow ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Antarctic Convergence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Antarctic

First documented record of barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) in the Antarctic Here we report a photo-documented record of a barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) from the South Shetland Islands. We also review previous records of passerine vagrants in the Antarctic (south of the Antarctic Convergence Zone). This barn swallow is the first recorded member of the Hirundinidae family on King George Island and is only the second passerine recorded in the South Shetland Islands. This sighting, along with previous records of austral negrito and austral trush represent the southernmost sightings of any passerine bird anywhere in the world.

scholarly journals Recent retreat of ice cliffs, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 633-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byong-Kwon Park ◽  
Soon-Keun Chang ◽  
Ho Il Yoon ◽  
Hosung Chung
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Regional Warming ◽  
Potter Cove ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Topographic Survey ◽  
Water Depths ◽  
Maxwell Bay

Comparison of aerial photos shows that the ice cliff in Marian Cove, Maxwell Bay, southwestern King George Island, retreated approximately 250 m between 1956 and 1986, but advanced about 40 m between December 1986 and January 1989. The advance in the late 1980s seems to be related to the cold austral winters of 1986-88. A topographic survey in January 1994 revealed that the ice cliff in Marian Cove had again retreated around 270 m since January 1989; approximately the same as from December 1956 to December 1986. in Potter Cove, the ice cliff retreated approximately 400 m from 1956-89. The more pronounced retreat here may be attributable to shallower water depths (&lt;30m). These ice cliffs retreats are discussed as a possible consequence of recent regional warming.

Feeding selectivity in Notothenia neglecta, Nybelin, from Potter Cove, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.R. Barrera-Oro ◽  
R.J. Casaux
Keyword(s):  
Euphausia Superba ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Feeding Selectivity ◽  
Sampling Area ◽  
Gammarid Amphipod ◽  
Potter Cove ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Dominant Fish

A study of feeding selectivity in Notothenia neglecta Nybelin 1951, was carried out between October 1988 and January 1989 at Potter Cove, King George Island, where this is the dominant fish species. The abundance and biomass of benthic organisms from 0–40m were compared with their occurrence in the diet of 142 fish. The Ivlev index indicated that the food items positively selected by the fish were sedentary polychaetes, the isopod Glyptonotus antarcticus, the gammarid amphipod Paradexamine sp., the bivalve Dacrydyum sp., the gastropods Margarella antarctica and Eatoniella sp., and algae. The biomass of the benthic community in the sampling area was low, presumably due to the effects of anchor ice. Despite being pelagic, krill (Euphausia superba) was by far the main food of N. neglecta which is considered a benthic feeder.

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