Changes in the neural bases of emotion regulation associated with clinical improvement in children with behavior problems

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 913-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc D. Lewis ◽  
Isabela Granic ◽  
Connie Lamm ◽  
Philip David Zelazo ◽  
Jim Stieben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Problems ◽  
Before And After

AbstractChildren's behavior problems may stem from ineffective cortical mechanisms for regulating negative emotions, and the success of interventions may depend on their impact on such mechanisms. We examined neurophysiological markers associated with emotion regulation in children comorbid for externalizing and internalizing problems before and after treatment. We hypothesized that treatment success would correspond with reduced ventral prefrontal activation, and increased dorsomedial prefrontal activation, at the time point of an event-related potential (ERP) associated with inhibitory control. Twenty-seven 8- to 12-year-old children (with usable data) were tested before and after a 14-week community-based treatment program and assessed as to improvement status. Fifteen 8- to 12-year-olds from the normal population (with usable data) were tested over the same interval. All children completed an emotion-induction go/no-go task while fitted with a 128-channel electrode net at each test session. ERP amplitudes, and estimates of cortical activation in prefrontal regions of interest, were measured at the peak of the “inhibitory” N2 and compared between improvers, nonimprovers, and nonclinical children. ERP amplitudes showed no group differences. However, improvers showed an overall reduction in ventral prefrontal activation from pretreatment to posttreatment, bringing them in line with nonclinical children, whereas ventral activation remained high for nonimprovers. Both improvers and nonimprovers showed high dorsal activation relative to nonclinical children. Supplementary analyses indicated that only ventral prefrontal regions, and only within the N2 time window, showed decreased activity from pre- to posttreatment, suggesting changes in regulatory processes rather than in overall emotional arousal. These cortically mediated changes may permit a reduction in the overengaged, rigid style of emotion regulation characteristic of children with behavior problems.

Feel Thine Own Self – Mood Congruency Evaluation of Emotional State Adjectives

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Szczepan J. Grzybowski ◽  
Miroslaw Wyczesany ◽  
Jan Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Mood Induction ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Negativity Bias ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Semantic Access ◽  
Current Mood ◽  
Component Time

Abstract. The goal of the study was to explore event-related potential (ERP) differences during the processing of emotional adjectives that were evaluated as congruent or incongruent with the current mood. We hypothesized that the first effects of congruence evaluation would be evidenced during the earliest stages of semantic analysis. Sixty mood adjectives were presented separately for 1,000 ms each during two sessions of mood induction. After each presentation, participants evaluated to what extent the word described their mood. The results pointed to incongruence marking of adjective’s meaning with current mood during early attention orientation and semantic access stages (the P150 component time window). This was followed by enhanced processing of congruent words at later stages. As a secondary goal the study also explored word valence effects and their relation to congruence evaluation. In this regard, no significant effects were observed on the ERPs; however, a negativity bias (enhanced responses to negative adjectives) was noted on the behavioral data (RTs), which could correspond to the small differences traced on the late positive potential.

Emotion Socialization, Emotion Regulation, and Child Behavior Problems in India

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishali V. Raval ◽  
Anusha D. Natarajan ◽  
Pratiksha H. Raval ◽  
Ila N. Panchal ◽  
Stacey P. Raj
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Emotion Socialization ◽  
Child Behavior Problems

Research on pull-type multi-AGV system dynamic path optimization based on time window

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702098271
Author(s):  
Hongying Shan ◽  
Chuang Wang ◽  
Cungang Zou ◽  
Mengyao Qin
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Dijkstra Algorithm ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Common Planning ◽  
Planning Algorithm ◽  
Dynamic Path ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Path Planning Algorithm

This paper is a study of the dynamic path planning problem of the pull-type multiple Automated Guided Vehicle (multi-AGV) complex system. First, based on research status at home and abroad, the conflict types, common planning algorithms, and task scheduling methods of different AGV complex systems are compared and analyzed. After comparing the different algorithms, the Dijkstra algorithm was selected as the path planning algorithm. Secondly, a mathematical model is set up for the shortest path of the total driving path, and a general algorithm for multi-AGV collision-free path planning based on a time window is proposed. After a thorough study of the shortcomings of traditional single-car planning and conflict resolution algorithms, a time window improvement algorithm for the planning path and the solution of the path conflict covariance is established. Experiments on VC++ software showed that the improved algorithm reduces the time of path planning and improves the punctual delivery rate of tasks. Finally, the algorithm is applied to material distribution in the OSIS workshop of a C enterprise company. It can be determined that the method is feasible in the actual production and has a certain application value by the improvement of the data before and after the comparison.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on HIV viremia: a single-center cohort study in northern Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Izzo ◽  
Canio Carriero ◽  
Giulia Gardini ◽  
Benedetta Fumarola ◽  
Erika Chiari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Continuum Of Care ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Missed Visits ◽  
Hiv Continuum Of Care ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Brescia Province, northern Italy, was one of the worst epicenters of the COVID-19 pandemic. The division of infectious diseases of ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Spedali Civili Hospital of Brescia had to face a great number of inpatients with severe COVID-19 infection and to ensure the continuum of care for almost 4000 outpatients with HIV infection actively followed by us. In a recent manuscript we described the impact of the pandemic on continuum of care in our HIV cohort expressed as number of missed visits, number of new HIV diagnosis, drop in ART (antiretroviral therapy) dispensation and number of hospitalized HIV patients due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this short communication, we completed the previous article with data of HIV plasmatic viremia of the same cohort before and during pandemic. Methods We considered all HIV-patients in stable ART for at least 6 months and with at least 1 available HIV viremia in the time window March 01–November 30, 2019, and another group of HIV patients with the same two requisites but in different time windows of the COVID-19 period (March 01–May 31, 2020, and June 01–November 30, 2020). For patients with positive viremia (PV) during COVID-19 period, we reported also the values of viral load (VL) just before and after PV. Results: the percentage of patients with PV during COVID-19 period was lower than the previous year (2.8% vs 7%). Only 1% of our outpatients surely suffered from pandemic in term of loss of previous viral suppression. Conclusions Our efforts to limit the impact of pandemic on our HIV outpatients were effective to ensure HIV continuum of care.

scholarly journals Neurolinguistics

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-88
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Brain Research ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Interlingual Homographs ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Phonological Complexity ◽  
Cortical Activation Pattern

07–165Crinion, J., R. Turner, A. Grogan, T. Hanakawa, U. Noppeney, J. T. Devlin, T. Aso, S. Urayama, H. Fukuyama, K. Stockton, K. Usui, D. W. Green & C. J. Price (U College, London, UK; [email protected]), Language control in the bilingual brain. Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 312.5779 (2006), 1537–1540.07–166Desai, Rutvik (U Trier, Germany), Lisa L. Conant, Eric Waldron & Jeffrey R. Binder, fMRI of past tense processing: The effects of phonological complexity and task difficulty. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (MIT Press) 18.2 (2006), 278–297.07–167Kerkhofs, Roel (Radboud U, the Netherlands; [email protected]), Ton Dijkstra, Dorothee J. Chwilla & Ellen R.A. de Bruijn, Testing a model for bilingual semantic priming with interlingual homographs: RT and N400 effects. Brain Research (Elsevier) 1068. 1 (2006), 170–183.07–168Kyung Hwan, Kim & Kim Ja Hyun (U Yonsei, South Korea), Comparison of spatiotemporal cortical activation pattern during visual perception of Korean, English, Chinese words: An event-related potential study. Neuroscience Letters (Elsevier) 394.3 (2006), 227–232.07–169Paradis, Michel (McGill U, Canada; [email protected]), More belles infidels – or why do so many bilingual studies speak with forked tongue?Journal of Neurolinguistics (Elsevier) 19. 3 (2006), 195–208.07–170Poldrack, Russell, A. (U California, Los Angeles, USA; [email protected]), Can cognitive processes be inferred from neuroimaging data? Trends in Cognitive Science (Elsevier) 10.2 (2006), 59–63.07–171Ylinen, Sari (U Helsinki, Finland; [email protected]), Anna Shestakova, Minna Huotilainen, Paavo Alku & Risto Näätänen, Mismatch negativity (MMN) elicited by changes in phoneme length: A cross-linguistic study. Brain Research (Elsevier) 1072.1 (2006), 175–185.07–172Yokoyama Satoru (U Tohoku, Japan),Hideyuki Okamoto, Tadao Miyamoto, Kei Yoshimoto, Jungho Kim, Kazuki Iwata, Hyeonjeong Jeong, Shinya Uchida, Naho Ikuta, Yuko Sassa, Wataru Nakamura, Kaoru Horie, Shigeru Sato & Ryuta Kawashima, Cortical activation in the processing of passive sentences in L1 and L2: An fMRI study. NeuroImage (Elsevier) 30. 2 (2006), 570–579.

Dynamic Changes in the Cortex-Basal Ganglia Network After Dopamine Depletion in the Rat

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 385-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Dejean ◽  
Christian E. Gross ◽  
Bernard Bioulac ◽  
Thomas Boraud
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Local Field Potentials ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Dopamine Depletion ◽  
Indirect Pathway ◽  
Before And After

It is well established that parkinsonian syndrome is associated with alterations in the temporal pattern of neuronal activity and local field potentials in the basal ganglia (BG). An increase in synchronized oscillations has been observed in different BG nuclei in parkinsonian patients and animal models of this disease. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. This study investigates the functional connectivity in the cortex-BG network of a rodent model of Parkinson's disease. Single neurons and local field potentials were simultaneously recorded in the motor cortex, the striatum, and the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) of freely moving rats, and high-voltage spindles (HVSs) were used to compare signal transmission before and after dopaminergic depletion. It is shown that dopaminergic lesion results in a significant enhancement of oscillatory synchronization in the BG: the coherence between pairs of structures increased significantly and the percentage of oscillatory auto- and cross-correlograms. HVS episodes were also more numerous and longer. These changes were associated with a shortening of the latency of SNr response to cortical activation, from 40.5 ± 4.8 to 10.2 ± 1.07 ms. This result suggests that, in normal conditions, SNr neurons are likely to be driven by late inputs from the indirect pathway; however, after the lesion, their shorter latency also indicates an overactivation of the hyperdirect pathway. This study confirms that neuronal signal transmission is altered in the BG after dopamine depletion but also provides qualitative evidence for these changes at the cellular level.

scholarly journals Emotion regulation therapy for cancer caregivers—an open trial of a mechanism-targeted approach to addressing caregiver distress

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison J Applebaum ◽  
Aliza A Panjwani ◽  
Kara Buda ◽  
Mia S O’Toole ◽  
Michael A Hoyt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Open Trial ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Clinically Significant

Abstract Informal caregivers (ICs) are integral to care provided to patients facing life-threatening or incurable illnesses. This responsibility causes considerable burden, as approximately one half of ICs report clinically significant symptoms of depression and/or anxiety that persist when left untreated. Psychosocial interventions containing efficacious treatment principles (e.g., cognitive behavior therapy [CBT]) show disappointing results in reducing anxiety and depression in ICs. This may reflect failure of these interventions to specifically target crucial mechanisms underlying the central feature of distress caused by the patient’s illness—notably, perseverative negative thinking (PNT). Emotion Regulation Therapy (ERT) is an efficacious CBT developed to explicitly target mechanisms underlying PNT and the emotional concomitants that arise in response to stressful situations. This open trial was conducted to evaluate the acceptability and initial efficacy of ERT adapted to the experience of cancer ICs (ERT-C). Thirty-one ICs provided informed consent and completed eight weekly individual sessions of ERT-C. Participants completed self-report measures of depression and anxiety symptoms, PNT, emotion regulation deficits, and caregiver burden before and after treatment. ERT-C was well tolerated as indicated by 22 treatment completers and feedback provided in exit interviews. ICs demonstrated reduced depression and anxiety symptoms, PNT, and emotion regulation deficits with moderate to large effect sizes (Hedge’s g range: 0.36–0.92). Notably, caregiver burden was not reduced but ICs expressed more ability to confront caregiving-related challenges. Findings offer promising but preliminary support for ERT-C as a conceptual model and treatment modality for distressed cancer ICs.

scholarly journals Are all code-switches processed the same? Examining semantic v. language unexpectancy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Valdés Kroff ◽  
Patricia Roman ◽  
Paola E. Dussias
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
N400 Effect ◽  
Online Processing ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
Main Effect

Prior studies using the event-related potential (ERP) technique show that integrating sentential code-switches in online processing lead to a broadly distributed late positivity component while processing semantically unexpected continuations instead lead to the emergence of an N400 effect. While the N400 is generally assumed to index lexico-semantic processing, the LPC has two different interpretations. One account suggests that it reflects the processing of an improbable or unexpected event while an alternative account proposes sentence-level reanalysis. To investigate the relative costs of semantic to language-based unexpectancies (i.e., code-switches), the current study tests 24 Spanish-English bilinguals in an ERP reading study. Semantically constrained Spanish frames either varied in their semantic expectancy (high vs low expectancy) and/or their language continuation (same language vs code-switch) while participants’ electrophysiological responses were recorded. The Spanish-to-English switch direction provides a more naturalistic test for integration costs to code-switching as it better approximates the code-switching practices of the target population. Analyses across three time windows show a main effect for semantic expectancy in the N400 time window and a main effect for code-switching in the LPC time window. Additional analyses based on the self-reported code-switching experience of the participants suggested an early positivity linked to less experience with code-switching. The results suggest that not all code-switches lead to similar integration costs and that prior experience with code-switching is an important additional factor that modulates online processing.

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