MAIZE PREPARATION AND THE AZTEC SUBSISTENCE ECONOMY

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Biskowski

The study of changes in the social organization of maize preparation provides an important opportunity to examine the integration of households into larger systems of social and economic relationships. Spatial analysis of the distribution of manos and metates at Otumba demonstrates a change in maize production from individual, household based to a more specialized system. It is hypothesized that scarcity of firewood for cooking was a causal factor for this change, but more evidence is needed to test this idea.

Revista Trace ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Delphine Prunier

Al cruce entre estudios migratorios y estudios rurales, el artículo explora las condiciones de la construcción de un terreno fértil para la expulsión migratoria en Centroamérica. Para comprender mejor las situaciones de desigualdades y exclusión que caracterizan actualmente los espacios rurales en la región, propone convocar un análisis histórico y espacial de las múltiples capas de fronteras que atraviesan las sociedades marginalizadas, tanto social como territorialmente, en el caso de Honduras. Se trata de evidenciar que los sistemas productivos globales extractivos y el capitalismo en su fase contemporánea de globalización se basan en procesos de diferenciación, contraste y heterogeneidad en los que se saben apoyar. Se observan en particular las diferentes etapas de reformas agrarias, la expansión del cultivo de palma africana en el litoral norte y las lógicas de dominación y organización social de las cadenas productivas. La contribución se dedica a explorar dos aceptaciones de la noción de frontera —la agrícola y la social—, desde el enfoque de la discontinuidad, las relaciones de poder y las asimetrías territoriales que explican en parte el fenómeno actual de expulsión migratoria en Honduras.Abstract: At the crossroads between migratory studies and rural studies, the article explores the conditions for the construction of a fertile ground for migratory expulsion in Central America. To better understand the situations of inequalities and exclusion that currently characterize rural spaces in the region, it proposes to convene a historical and spatial analysis of the multiple layers of frontiers that cross marginalized societies, both socially and territorially, in the case of Honduras. It is about demonstrating that the global extractive productive systems and capitalism in its contemporary phase of globalization are based on processes of differentiation, contrast and heterogeneity on which they know how to support. The different stages of agrarian reforms, the expansion of the cultivation of African palm in the north coast and the logics of domination and social organization of the productive chains are observed in particular. The contri-bution is dedicated to exploring two acceptances of the notion of frontier —the agricultural and the social— from the perspective of discontinuity, power relations and territorial asymmetries that partly explain the current phenomenon of migratory expulsion in Honduras.Keywords: agricultural extractivism; African palm; frontiers; migration; Honduras.Résumé : À la croisée des études migratoires et des études rurales, l’article explore les conditions de construction d’un terrain propice à l’expulsion migratoire en Amérique centrale. Pour mieux comprendre les situations d’inégalités et d’exclusion qui caractérisent actuellement les espaces ruraux de la région, il propose de convoquer une analyse historique et spatiale des multiples couches de frontières qui traversent les sociétés marginalisées, du point de vue social et territorial, dans le cas du Honduras. Il s’agit de démontrer que les systèmes productifs extractifs mondiaux et le capitalisme dans sa phase contemporaine de mondialisation reposent sur des processus de différenciation, de contraste et d’hétérogénéité sur lesquels ils savent s’appuyer. On observe en particulier les différentes étapes des réformes agraires, l’expansion de la culture de la palme africaine sur la côte nord et les logiques de domination et d’organisation sociale des chaînes productives. La contribution cherche à explorer deux acceptations de la notion de frontière — agricole et sociale —, du point de vue de la discontinuité, des relations de pouvoir et des asymétries territoriales qui expliquent en partie le phénomène actuel d’expulsion migratoire au Honduras.Mots-clés: extractivisme agricole ; palme africaine ; frontières ; migration ; Honduras. 


Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Copeland ◽  
Arild Landa ◽  
Kimberly Heinemeyer ◽  
Keith B. Aubry ◽  
Jiska van Dijk ◽  
...  

Social behaviour in solitary carnivores has long been an active area of investigation but for many species remains largely founded in conjecture compared to our understanding of sociality in group-living species. The social organization of the wolverine has, until now, received little attention beyond its portrayal as a typical mustelid social system. In this chapter the authors compile observations of social interactions from multiple wolverine field studies, which are integrated into an ecological framework. An ethological model for the wolverine is proposed that reveals an intricate social organization, which is driven by variable resource availability within extremely large territories and supports social behaviour that underpins offspring development.


2021 ◽  
pp. 009614422110252
Author(s):  
Ahmet Yusuf Yüksek

This study investigates the socio-spatial history of Sufism in Istanbul during 1880s. Drawing on a unique population registry, it reconstructs the locations of Sufi lodges and the social profiles of Sufis to question how visible Sufism was in the Ottoman capital, and what this visibility demonstrates the historical realities of Sufism. It claims that Sufism was an integral part of the Ottoman life since Sufi lodges were space of religion and spirituality, art, housing, and health. Despite their large presence in Istanbul, Sufi lodges were extensively missing in two main areas: the districts of Unkapanı-Bayezid and Galata-Pera. While the lack of lodgess in the latter area can be explained by the Western encroachment in the Ottoman capital, the explanation for the absence of Sufis in Unkapanı-Bayezid is more complex: natural disasters, two opposing views about Sufi sociability, and the locations of the central lodges.


Man ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
R. R. Andersen ◽  
Grenville Goodwin ◽  
Keith H. Basso

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