SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATIONS IN THE CORE AND PERIPHERY OF ANCIENT TULA

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Paredes Gudiño ◽  
Dan M. Healan
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Ceramic Phase ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Core ◽  
Early Postclassic ◽  
Late Postclassic ◽  
Salvage Archaeology

AbstractThis article presents the results of an integrative program of salvage archaeology in response to two comprehensive modern construction projects within the limits of the Early Postclassic city of Tula, Hidalgo. Exploratory excavation at eleven different localities encountered remains of residential compounds and other prehispanic structures in all localities, collectively spanning the Epiclassic through Late Postclassic periods and yielding extensive ceramic, lithic, and faunal remains from domestic and ritual contexts including over 250 human and animal burials that included evidence of contact with other areas of Mesoamerica. Some 36 radiocarbon dates were obtained from ceramically dated contexts that span c. 1,000 years of occupation and support the current ceramic phase chronology for Tula.

A Paleoenvironmental and Archaeological Model-Based Age Estimate for the Colonization of Hawai’l

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stephen Athens ◽  
Timothy M. Rieth ◽  
Thomas S. Dye
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Depositional Model ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Posterior Density ◽  
Density Region ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Core ◽  
Initial Settlement ◽  
Highest Posterior Density

AbstractRecent estimates of when Hawai’i was colonized by Polynesians display considerable variability, with dates ranging from about A.D. 800 to 1250. Using high resolution paleoenvironmental coring data and a carefully defined set of archaeological radiocarbon dates, a Bayesian model for initial settlement was constructed. The pollen and charcoal assemblages of the core record made it possible to identify and date the prehuman period and also the start of human settlement using a simple depositional model. The archaeological and paleoenvironmental estimates of the colonization date show a striking convergence, indicating that initial settlement occurred at A.D. 940–1130 at a 95 percent highest posterior density region (HPD), and most probably between A.D. 1000 to 1100, using a 67 percent HPD. This analysis highlights problems that may occur when paleoenvironmental core chronologies are based on bulk soil dates. Further research on the dating of the bones ofRattus exulans, a Polynesian introduction, may refine the dating model, as would archaeological investigations focused on potential early site locations.

Pre-LGM open-water conditions south of the Drygalski Ice Tongue, Ross Sea, Antarctica

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Furio Finocchiaro ◽  
Carlo Baroni ◽  
Ester Colizza ◽  
Roberta Ivaldi
Keyword(s):  
Ross Sea ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Core ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
Insoluble Organic Matter ◽  
Victoria Land ◽  
Marine Isotope Stage 3 ◽  
Raised Beaches

AbstractA marine sediment core collected from the Nordenskjold Basin, to the south of the Drygalski Ice Tongue, provides new sedimentological and chronological data for reconstructing the Pleistocene glacial history and palaeoenvironmental evolution of Victoria Land. The core consists of an over consolidated biogenic mud covered with glacial diamicton; Holocene diatomaceous mud lies on top of the sequence. Radiocarbon dates of the acid insoluble organic matter indicate a pre-Last Glacial Maximum age (>24kyr) for the biogenic mud at the base of the sequence. From this we can presume that at least this portion of the western Ross Sea was deglaciated during Marine Isotope Stage 3 and enjoyed open marine conditions. Our results are consistent with recent findings of pre-Holocene raised beaches at Cape Ross and in the Terra Nova Bay area.

State Collapse and Household Resilience in the Oaxaca Valley of Mexico

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald K. Faulseit
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Late Classic ◽  
Sociopolitical Organization ◽  
State Collapse ◽  
Political Fragmentation ◽  
Early Postclassic ◽  
Valley Of Oaxaca ◽  
Late Postclassic ◽  
City State ◽  
The Hill

AbstractA two-year project of survey, surface collection, and excavation on the hill of Cerro Danush within the site of Dainzú-Macuilxóchitl in Oaxaca, Mexico, was focused on identifying and characterizing the Late Classic (A.D. 600–850/900) and Early Postclassic (A.D. 850/900–1300) components of the site, which coincide with the political fragmentation and reorganization of complex society within the Valley of Oaxaca. The transition in sociopolitical organization from the Classic to Postclassic has been the subject of several research projects, but few, if any, have clearly identified an Early Postclassic settlement. A radiocarbon analysis of charcoal samples collected during the excavation of a residential complex on Cerro Danush reveals its most recent period of occupation to be between A.D. 1000 and 1300, placing it firmly within the Early Postclassic. The excavation data are contextualized with data from the surface collection, illuminating patterns of Late Classic political fragmentation and Early Postclassic household resilience. Since Dainzú-Macuilxóchitl emerged in the Late Postclassic (A.D. 1300–1521) as a powerful city-state, exploring its Early Postclassic component contributes to the study of how societies reorganize on a local level after the collapse of centralized authority, such as the Classic period Monte Albán state.

Geophysical mapping of gypsum for exploration of reserves in the Nong Bua area of Thailand

2020 ◽  
pp. qjegh2019-180
Author(s):  
Rungroj Arjwech ◽  
Mark E. Everett ◽  
Sakhon Saengchomphu ◽  
Kittipong Somchat ◽  
Potpreecha Pondthai
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
P Wave ◽  
The Core ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
P Wave Velocity ◽  
Increasing Demand

The increasing demand for gypsum as a raw material for construction projects motivates exploration for additional reserves. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and seismic refraction geophysical methods, augmented with borehole and laboratory measurements on core samples, are used here to delineate the top, bottom and lateral boundaries of an important gypsum ore deposit in Thailand, an economically developing region. The gypsum-bearing formation is found throughout the study area to have an irregular upper boundary on account of karstic dissolution processes. The deeper transition from gypsum to anhydrite, however, is not constrained by the measurements. The P-wave velocity measured in the field is consistent with the core specimen measurements. The electrical resistivity of the core specimens, however, is substantially higher than the values measured in the field. The specimen measurements may depend on the presence of micro cracks, whereas electrical resistivity in the field may be affected by the enclosing clay-rich materials.

Radiocarbon Dating the Iroquoian Occupation of Northern New York

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Abel ◽  
Jessica L. Vavrasek ◽  
John P. Hart
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates

The results of Bayesian analysis using 43 new high-precision AMS radiocarbon dates on maize, faunal remains, and ceramic residues from 18 precontact Iroquoian village sites in Northern New York are presented. Once thought to span AD 1350–1500, the period of occupation suggested by the modeling is approximately AD 1450–1510. This late placement now makes clear that Iroquoians arrived in the region approximately 100 years later than previously thought. This result halves the time in which population growth and significant changes in settlement occurred. The new chronology allows us to better match these events within a broader Northeast temporal framework.

scholarly journals Operation of the Harwell UK 14C Data Base and its Expansion Through Data Exchange with Other Laboratories

Radiocarbon ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Walker ◽  
R L Otlet ◽  
R A Housley ◽  
Johannes van der Plicht
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Computer Data ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
The Core ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Keyboard Typing ◽  
The Uk

The use of computer data bases for storage and retrieval of 14C data is a logical application for the rapidly expanding numbers of 14C determinations. Harwell has established a data base for all samples originating from sites in the United Kingdom and Eire. The core of the data is the Council for British Archaeology's published Index of Radiocarbon Dates which we are expanding to include all Harwell UK dates released for publication by the submitters plus dates from other laboratories both within and outside the UK. As a demonstration of the feasibility of direct database-to-database communication, cooperation has been sought from Groningen and Oxford to transfer computer files containing 14C results for UK sites. Neither of these laboratories use the same system as Harwell for their in-house data base and this exercise highlights the importance of a transfer language for both the national and international schemes as it is no longer practical to carry out such procedures through keyboard typing.

The Green Building Wisdom in Chinese Traditional Inhabitation and its Significance

2013 ◽  
Vol 368-370 ◽  
pp. 172-175
Author(s):  
Jia Hua Qi ◽  
I Min Huang ◽  
Guo Hu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Urban Architecture ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
The Core ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
The Ancient Chinese

Much sustainable urban architecture in China is closely related to traditional Chinese inhabitation wisdom, which, as a collection of ancient wisdom, has accumulated for thousands of years. The wisdom, according to which the ancient Chinese constructed their living space in harmony with nature, could continue to be a reliable reference in modern urban construction projects. Moderate development, interconnectedness, and the cyclical patterns of nature are the core concepts of the wisdom. The knowledge and application of such wisdom could help in the construction of more modern, convenient, and environment-friendly cities. The modernization of urban areas should not lose sight of traditional architechual characteristics.

scholarly journals A New Radiocarbon Sequence from Lamanai, Belize: Two Bayesian Models from One of Mesoamerica’s Most Enduring Sites

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A Hanna ◽  
Elizabeth Graham ◽  
David M Pendergast ◽  
Julie A Hoggarth ◽  
David L Lentz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Models ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Ancient Maya ◽  
Late Classic ◽  
Long Tail ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Spanish Conquest ◽  
Terminal Classic ◽  
Early Postclassic ◽  
Complete Set

AbstractThe ancient Maya community of Lamanai, Belize, is well known for its span of occupation from the Early Preclassic (before 1630 BC) to the present. Although most centers in the central and southern Maya Lowlands were abandoned during the Terminal Classic period (AD 750–1000), ceramic and stratigraphic evidence at Lamanai has shown continuous occupation from the start of the Early Preclassic to the Spanish Conquest. In this paper, we present the first complete set of radiocarbon dates from this important site, including 19 new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)14C dates. We use these dates to build Bayesian models for a Terminal Classic structure and an Early Postclassic structure in the site center. This method assists in the refinement of older, conventional dates and provides key chronological information about the site during this volatile time. Adjustments to the standard, uniform distribution model are made using exponential, long-tail, and trapezoidal distributions to incorporate outlier samples and more accurately portray ceramic phases. Because of changes in construction behavior in the Terminal Classic, it is difficult to acquire primary samples from this period, but there remains enough overlap between dates and ceramic phases to deduce persistent occupation at Lamanai during the transition from Late Classic to Postclassic times.

The Folsom (Paleoindian) Type Site: Past Investigations, Current Studies

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Meltzer ◽  
Lawrence C. Todd ◽  
Vance T. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Lithic Assemblage ◽  
Wild Horse ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Type Site ◽  
High Utility ◽  
Cultural Origins

Research on the Folsom Paleoindian type site, involving renewed field investigations and an analysis of extant collections from the 1920s excavations, was undertaken between 1997 and 2000. The preliminary results of that research show that all excavations to date have been in the kill area, which took place in a small and relatively shallow tributary to the Pleistocene paleovalley of Wild Horse Arroyo as well as in the paleovalley itself. Preliminary butchering of ∼32 Bison antiquus took place near where the animals were dropped. The kill area is dominated by low-utility bone elements and broken projectile points; high-utility bones and tools for processing meat and hides are rare or absent, and either occur in another, as-yet undiscovered area of the site, or altogether off-site. Faunal remains are generally in excellent condition. Those in the tributary are mostly in primary context, and underwent rapid burial beneath fine-grained (dominantly aeolian) sediments, which in turn were subsequently armored by a shingle shale; those in the paleovalley experienced postdepositional transport and redeposition. The small lithic assemblage is dominated by projectile points and comprised of material mostly from two sources in the Texas panhandle, several hundred kilometers southeast of the site. It also includes stone obtained from sources at comparable distances north and northwest of the site. A series of radiocarbon ages is available for the stratigraphic units, nearly all from charcoal of non-cultural origins; radiocarbon dates on bison bone put the age of the kill at 10,500 B.P.

Climate change and human disturbance of fynbos vegetation during the late Holocene at Princess Vlei, Western Cape, South Africa

The Holocene ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1137-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.H. Neumann ◽  
L. Scott ◽  
M.K. Bamford
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Core ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Hydrological System ◽  
Vegetation And Climate ◽  
Floating Mat

Pollen analysis of a core in Princess Vlei in the Fynbos Biome near Cape Town gives a 4150 year record of vegetation and climate changes followed by disturbance by colonial settlers since c. 300 years ago. Their impact replaced climate as a major factor in changing the vegetation. The chronology is based on eight radiocarbon dates. Pollen types such as Restionaceae, Ericaceae, and Proteaceae reflect changes in fynbos. Pollen indicators at the bottom of the core suggest drier conditions followed by an increase in Morella, Cyperaceae and Carpacoce pollen, which might indicate moist conditions c. 3400–2600 cal. yr BP. Drier conditions prevail c. 2600–1900 cal. yr BP. Apparent light disturbance after c. 2000 cal. yr BP might be attributed to Khoi herders. Deeper water and damp surroundings are indicated c. 1900–1000 cal. yr BP. The top of the core shows an increase of Poaceae while Restionaceae decrease with anthropogenic disturbance, including the introduction of neophytes such as Pinus ( c. 300 years ago) and Zea mays. Charcoal percentages point to intense fires after the arrival of the Europeans. Water between 105 and 75 cm indicates the development of a floating mat resulting from changes in the hydrological system possibly connected to disturbances by settlers.

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