scholarly journals THE MAUSOLEUM ARCHITECTURAL PROJECT: REINTERPRETING PALENQUE'S TEMPLE OF THE INSCRIPTIONS THROUGH 3D DATA-DRIVEN ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Arianna Campiani ◽  
Rodrigo Liendo Stuardo ◽  
Nicola Lercari
Keyword(s):  
Classic Maya ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Light Detection And Ranging ◽  
Mortuary Practices ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Maya Architecture ◽  
Funerary Architecture ◽  
The Temple

Abstract The Temple of the Inscriptions at Palenque, Mexico, is an outstanding example of Classic Maya architecture erected in the seventh century as the funerary building for ruler K'inich Janab Pakal. For decades, scholars have speculated on its construction sequence and the potential existence of hidden rooms on either side of Pakal's mortuary chamber. This article aims to advance understanding of the Temple's architectural context in light of new 3D data. After reviewing the application of drone-based photogrammetry and terrestrial Light Detection and Ranging in the Maya area, we argue that these techniques are capable of enhancing the architectural analysis of the Temple of the Inscriptions and showing that this structure was part of a larger architectural project, encompassing the adjacent Temple XIII, and the connecting stepped building platform. Our findings demonstrate that the basal platforms for the Temple of the Inscriptions and Temple XIII were erected contemporaneously and that the design of their mortuary chambers follows a tripartite layout we identified in Palenque's elite funerary architecture and associated mortuary practices. We conclude that these three buildings were part of a mausoleum architectural project, the construction of which was initiated by Pakal to reshape Palenque's site-core and enshrine the ruling family's power and ancestors.

The Curious Case of the Octagonal Temple

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-197
Author(s):  
Fiona Buckee
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Multiple Features ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
The Temple

Abstract The Muṇḍeśvarī temple near Bhabuā in southwest Bihar is an octagonal, sandstone monument without a spire. Scholars have dated the temple to the first half of the seventh century, primarily on account of early inscriptions from the site and the style of the door frames. Few monuments survive from this nascent stage of structural North Indian temple architecture, and the Muṇḍeśvarī temple is intriguing because it is an anomaly in terms of its size, composition, and the shape of its plan. This study argues that the Muṇḍeśvarī temple has been misdated, and presents a systematic architectural analysis that highlights multiple features and irregularities that are incompatible with early North Indian design. The paper proposes that, rather than being seventh century, the octagonal shrine was built about a millennia later, in the sixteenth–seventeenth century, incorporating doorways and moldings salvaged from the ruins of the seventh century temples that once graced the hilltop. The latter part of the article considers how the Muṇḍeśvarī temple came to be buried by the end of the eighteenth century, and questions whether the Archaeological Survey of India might have altered the temple's appearance during the reconstructive work they undertook at the start of the twentieth century.

The History of the Judahite Bench Tomb

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Suriano
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Mortuary Practices ◽  
Iron Age Ii ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Insight Into

The history of the Judahite bench tomb provides important insight into the meaning of mortuary practices, and by extension, death in the Hebrew Bible. The bench tomb appeared in Judah during Iron Age II. Although it included certain burial features that appear earlier in the Middle and Late Bronze Ages, such as burial benches, and the use of caves for extramural burials, the Judahite bench tomb uniquely incorporated these features into a specific plan that emulated domestic structures and facilitated multigenerational burials. During the seventh century, and continuing into the sixth, the bench tombs become popular in Jerusalem. The history of this type of burial shows a gradual development of cultural practices that were meant to control death and contain the dead. It is possible to observe within these cultural practices the tomb as a means of constructing identity for both the dead and the living.

scholarly journals The Foundation of the Qubbat as-Sakhrah Sanctuary as an expression of Abd-al Malik Ibn Marwan’s piety and/or political premises

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Przemysław Nowogórski
Keyword(s):  
Seventh Century ◽  
Dome Of The Rock ◽  
Temple Mount ◽  
The Temple

At the end of the seventh century, Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan built the Qubbat as-Sakhrah sanctuary on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. It is difficult to explain the reasons for the foundation of the sanctuary. The caliph may have wanted to make it an alternative destination for the Hajj, as Mecca was under the occupation of Anti-caliph Ibn al-Zubayr. Another reason may have been tied to the caliph’s desire to commemorate Prophet Muhammad’s Night Journey. The surviving written records fail to provide an unambiguous explanation of either of these hypotheses. The location, architecture, and decoration of the Dome of the Rock suggest that the Caliph built a magnificent monument for the greater power and glory of Islam.  

Feasts of the Virgin in the liturgy of the Anglo-Saxon church

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 209-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Seventh Century ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The Temple

By the end of the Anglo-Saxon period six feasts of the Virgin were celebrated in England; this large number represents an honour granted to no other saint. The feasts in question – the Purification, Annunciation, Assumption, Nativity, Presentation in the Temple and Conception – did not originate in England, however. Before turning to the English evidence, therefore, it is necessary to consider the background of Marian feasts at Rome and elsewhere in the context of the development of ritual from the seventh century to the eleventh.

Human-Horse Burials in Lithuania in the Late Second to Seventh Century ad: A Multidisciplinary Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 682-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audronė Bliujienė ◽  
Miglė Stančikaitė ◽  
Giedrė Piličiauskienė ◽  
Jonas Mažeika ◽  
Donatas Butkus
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Mortuary Practices ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
New Information

Contemporary Lithuania, an area of the Balt cultures, is the northernmost region where burials, dated from the late second to the late seventh century ad, have been found with selected parts or whole bodies of horses. This study presents new information about these burials based on a multidisciplinary—archaeological, zooarchaeological, and chronological—approach. Our aim is to reconstruct the funeral rites and the human-horse relationships in Lithuania from the late second to the late seventh centuries ad, to refine the chronology of the horse burials in the region, and to use the new zooarchaeological data for more detailed studies of mortuary practices.

scholarly journals The Dates of the Vases called ‘Cyrenaic’

1910 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Droop
Keyword(s):  
Seventh Century ◽  
British School ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Temple

The literature dealing with the so-called ‘Cyrenaic’ vases is comparatively so huge that some excuse is needed for a fresh approach to the subject. That excuse is to be found in the new light shed on these vases through the recent excavations at Sparta by the British School at Athens, of which one result has been the discovery that Laconia was the home of the school which produced them.At Sparta this distinctive Laconian style is presented in good chronological sequence, and its course can be traced from its rise in the early seventh century, through its development and decline in the sixth and fifth centuries, to its end in the latter part of the fourth.It is true that the finds of pottery at the shrine of Artemis Orthia at Sparta consist of fragments of dedicated vases, the refuse, in fact, thrown out from time to time from the temple, so that what is presented by the stratification of the site is the chronological sequence not of the manufacture of the vases but of their destruction. Yet the development of the style as a whole, even when judged by the stratification, is so regular that it may be assumed that in most cases the order of destruction corresponded with that of manufacture. In any case the destruction of the older temple at the close of the seventh century gives at least one point where such correspondence is certain. Vases thrown out from the new temple must have been dedicated after the destruction of the older building. To divide the style with much certainty into six chronological periods called, and approximately dated

CONTINGENT ACTS OF REMEMBRANCE: ROYAL ANCESTORS OF CLASSIC MAYA COPAN AND QUIRIGUA

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Ashmore
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Political History ◽  
Classic Maya ◽  
Classic Period ◽  
Mortuary Practices ◽  
Temporal Orientation ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Ancestor Veneration ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Do So

AbstractClassic Maya history is deeply political, and religious and political activities frequently inseparable. This essay advocates directly comparing mortuary practices over time for rulers at politically and economically linked centers. Most specifically it outlines an experimental model of how acts of remembrance in royal ancestor veneration articulate with local and regional politico-economic dynamics, and to do so with respect to acts attested in archaeological, bioarchaeological, textual, and iconographic sources. The particular case here pairs Classic-period Copan and Quirigua, where for centuries, the former was overlord to the latter. The evidence suggests that while treatment of royal ancestors draws on a set of established Maya practices, scale, elaboration and choice among those practices was contingent on the role each of the decedents held at particular points in political history, and the temporal orientation of those who commissioned remembrance acts.

The Archetypal Doric Temple

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
R. M. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Region ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Improved Technique ◽  
The Temple

Doric architecture seems to have arisen suddenly in Greece. Till the beginning of the seventh century, to judge by excavated remains and models, masonry was rough, roofs were either of thatch and high-pitched or of mud and flat, plans were imprecise, and style was nondescript or non-existent without any hint of the characteristic components of the Doric order. Yet by 630 in the artistically peripheral region of Aetolia the new temple of Apollo at Thermon shows carefully squared stonework (or so it may be inferred), a tiled and therefore low-pitched roof and exact planning; and there are remains of metopes, cornice, simas, and perhaps acroteria—the metopes at least being properly Doric. It is a fair conclusion that improved technique and materials and the consequent transformation of the aspect and proportions of the temple came in about the middle of the seventh century and that the Doric order was invented for this incipient architecture. Certainly there was little time for evolution.

scholarly journals Fundacja sanktuarium Kubbat As-Sachra wyrazem pobożności lub polityki kalifa ABD AL-MALIKA IBN MARWANA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Przemysław Nowogórski
Keyword(s):  
Seventh Century ◽  
Temple Mount ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Written Sources

At the end of the seventh century Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan built the sanctuary Qubbat as-Sachra on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. It is difficult to explain the reasons for this foundation. Perhaps he wanted to make it a place of hajj. During this time, Mecca was under the occupation of the anti-caliph Ibn Zubair. Another reason could be the desire to commemorate the night journey of the Prophet Muhammad. Available written sources do not clearly explain any of these hypotheses. The location, architecture and decoration suggest that the Caliph built a magnificent monument to the power and glory of Islam.

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