A review of computational fluid dynamics analysis of blood pumps

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. BEHBAHANI ◽  
M. BEHR ◽  
M. HORMES ◽  
U. STEINSEIFER ◽  
D. ARORA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Ventricular Assist Devices ◽  
Blood Damage ◽  
Damage Models ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis ◽  
Blood Pumps

Ventricular assist devices (VADs) provide long- and short-term support to chronically ill heart disease patients; these devices are expected to match the remarkable functionality of the natural heart, which makes their design a very challenging task. Blood pumps, the principal component of the VADs, must operate over a wide range of flow rates and pressure heads and minimise the damage to blood cells in the process. They should also be small to allow easy implantation in both children and adults. Mathematical methods and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have recently emerged as powerful design tools in this context; a review of the recent advances in the field is presented here. This review focusses on the CFD-based design strategies applied to blood flow in blood pumps and other blood-handling devices. Both simulation methods for blood flow and blood damage models are reviewed. The literature is put into context with a discussion of the chronological development in the field. The review is illustrated with specific examples drawn from our group's Galerkin/least squares (GLS) finite-element simulations of the basic Newtonian flow problem for the continuous-flow centrifugal GYRO blood pump. The GLS formulation is outlined, and modifications to include models that better represent blood rheology are shown. Haemocompatibility analysis of the pump is reviewed in the context of haemolysis estimations based on different blood damage models. Our strain-based blood damage model that accounts for the viscoleasticity associated with the red blood cells is reviewed in detail. The viability of design improvement based on trial and error and complete simulation-based design optimisation schemes are also discussed.

Effect of the Red Blood Cells on the Primary Thrombus Formation

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichiro Yano ◽  
Daisuke Mori ◽  
Ken-ichi Tsubota ◽  
Takuji Ishikawa ◽  
Shigeo Wada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
Molecular Bridge

It has been pointed out that some mechanical factors play important roles in a series of physiological or biochemical processes during the thrombus formation. Recently, many studies including the authors’ work qualitatively demonstrated how the thrombus is regulated under the influences of the blood flow and the intercellular molecular bridge using computational fluid dynamics techniques[1–4]. They verified the importance of the balance of them in the process of the thrombus formation. However, few studies have taken into account the existence of the other cell constituents than the platelet such as red blood cell (RBC).

scholarly journals Assessing the methodology used to study the ascending aorta haemodynamics in bicuspid aortic valve

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Edlin ◽  
Justin Nowell ◽  
Chris Arthurs ◽  
Alberto Figueroa ◽  
Marjan Jahangiri
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis

Abstract Background Modern imaging techniques provide evermore-detailed anatomical and physiological information for use in computational fluid dynamics to predict the behaviour of physiological phenomena. Computer modelling can help plan suitable interventions. Our group used magnetic resonance imaging and computational fluid dynamics to study the haemodynamic variables in the ascending aorta in patients with bicuspid aortic valve before and after isolated tissue aortic valve replacement. Computer modelling requires turning a physiological model into a mathematical one, solvable by equations that undergo multiple iterations in four dimensions. Creating these models involves several steps with manual inputs, making the process prone to errors and limiting its inter- and intra-operator reproducibility. Despite these challenges we created computational models for each patient to study ascending aorta blood flow before and after surgery. Method Magnetic resonance imaging provided the anatomical and velocity data required for the blood flow simulation. Patient-specific in- and outflow boundary conditions were used for the computational fluid dynamics analysis. Results Haemodynamic variables pertaining to blood flow pattern and derived from the magnetic resonance imaging data were calculated. However, we encountered problems in our multi-step methodology, most notably processing the flow data. This meant that other variables requiring computation with computational fluid dynamics could not be calculated. Conclusion Creating a model for computational fluid dynamics analysis is as complex as the physiology under scrutiny. We discuss some of the difficulties associated with creating such models, along with suggestions for improvements in order to yield reliable and beneficial results.

Quantitative Evaluation of Blood Damage in a Centrifugal VAD by Computational Fluid Dynamics

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinwei Song ◽  
Amy L. Throckmorton ◽  
Houston G. Wood ◽  
James F. Antaki ◽  
Don B. Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Assist Devices ◽  
Assist Device ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Blood Damage ◽  
Damage Indices

This study explores a quantitative evaluation of blood damage that occurs in a continuous flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) due to fluid stress. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is used to track the shear stress history of 388 particle streaklines. The accumulation of shear and exposure time is integrated along the streaklines to evaluate the levels of blood trauma. This analysis, which includes viscous and turbulent stresses, provides a statistical estimate of possible damage to cells flowing through the pump. Since experimental data for hemolysis levels in our LVAD are not available, in vitro normalized index of hemolysis values for clinically available ventricular assist devices were compared to our damage indices. This approach allowed for an order of magnitude comparison between our estimations and experimentally measured hemolysis levels, which resulted in a reasonable correlation. This work ultimately demonstrates that CFD is a convenient and effective approach to analyze the Lagrangian behavior of blood in a heart assist device.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of the Performance of Three Hemodialysis Catheters

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Elkhoury ◽  
N. Youssef ◽  
C. Issa
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Blood Flow Rate ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Double Lumen ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis

In this study, FLUENT (computational fluid dynamics software) is utilized to compare the performance of three widely used hemodialysis catheters, Niagara double lumen, Flexxicon II double lumen and Hemosplit long-term catheters of BARD Access Systems, in terms of blood flow rate and shorter exposure time. Running the three models at a fixed blood flow rate of 300 ml/min, it is found that Niagara catheter displays the lowest shear rates, yet high enough to induce thrombosis, which occurs as a result of platelet aggregation. High vorticity magnitudes exceeding 50,000s−1 are detected near the venous luminal walls of the Hemosplit catheter rendering the formation of Hemolysis which causes free toxic hemoglobin to circulate in the blood stream. Furthermore, the highest shear rates are found to occur at the arterial inlet, downstream the openings where inflow of blood occurs. It was found that the Niagara catheter, with open side holes, is the most recommended among the three considered catheters.

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