Biochemical changes associated with gibberellic acid-like activity of smoke-water, karrikinolide and vermicompost leachate during seedling development of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satendra Singh ◽  
Manoj G. Kulkarni ◽  
Johannes Van Staden
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Stress Relieving ◽  
Smoke Water ◽  
Vermicompost Leachate

AbstractSmoke-water (SW), karrikinolide (KAR1) and vermicompost leachate (VCL) have been reported to possess gibberellic acid-like activity. The effects of these plant growth-promoting substances (PGPSs) on biochemical changes occurring during seed germination of Phaseolus vulgaris were assessed. Seeds were incubated/germinated under dark conditions in water (control) or with different concentrations of SW, KAR1, VCL and gibberellic acid (GA3) for 7 d. The maximum seedling fresh weight (1.863 g) was recorded for the SW (1:750 v/v) treatment. The longest seedling axes (9.9 cm) and the highest number of adventitious roots (16.3) were recorded for VCL-treated seedlings (1:10 and 1:5 v/v, respectively). Analysis of two important hydrolytic enzymes, acid phosphatase and alpha-amylase, showed maximum activity [1856 nkat mg− 1 and 3.225 mg min− 1(g FW)− 1, respectively] in the seeds incubated with 10− 8M KAR1. In all the treated seedlings, proline content was significantly reduced [43.67 μg (g FW)− 1; VCL (1:20 v/v)] in comparison to the control [87 μg (g FW)− 1] but there was an increase in amino acids with some concentrations of PGPSs. The tested PGPSs significantly influenced various biochemical parameters that play a significant role in seed germination and plant growth. This study indicates that PGPSs may act via stress-relieving biochemical pathways during seed germination.

Smoke-Isolated Trimethylbutenolide Inhibits Seed Germination of Different Weed Species by Reducing Amylase Activity

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 312-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heino B. Papenfus ◽  
Manoj G. Kulkarni ◽  
Martin Pošta ◽  
Jeffrey F. Finnie ◽  
Johannes Van Staden
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Dark Conditions ◽  
Smoke Water

Weeds pose a great problem to farmers worldwide, and controlling weeds demands a high input cost for herbicides and labor. Because of current environmental regulations, a limited number of herbicides are commercially available (with limited modes of action) to control weeds. Smoke water and the biologically active compounds isolated from smoke affect seed germination in a significant way. Smoke water (SW) and karrikinolide (KAR1, the germination stimulant isolated from smoke) have been tested extensively for their ability to promote seed germination in a vast array of plant species. In addition to KAR1, a germination inhibitor, trimethylbutenolide (TMB), was also isolated from plant-derived smoke. The effects of SW, KAR1, and TMB were tested on five major weed species of South Africa: fleabane, hairy wild lettuce, bugweed, spilanthes, and fameflower. Seeds of these weed species were subjected to 16/8 h light/dark conditions or to constant dark conditions at constant temperatures of 20, 25, 30 C and alternating 30/20 C. SW and KAR1significantly increased germination, whereas TMB significantly inhibited germination of these weed species. Furthermore, TMB treatment reduced the amylase activity of the tested weed seeds compared with the water control. These results indicate the possibility of manipulating germination of certain weed seeds by SW, KAR1, and TMB. Thus, smoke and smoke-isolated compounds could potentially be used in new weed management strategies.

Smoke-water and smoke-isolated butenolide (KAR1) induce the biosynthesis of tanshinones in endophytic fungus Trichoderma atroviride D16 isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Zi-Xin Xu ◽  
Zhi-Fang Ran ◽  
Lei Fang ◽  
Lan-Ping Guo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
Trichoderma Atroviride ◽  
Smoke Water

Although treatments of smoke-water (SW) have been successfully used for promoting seed germination as well as plant growth, less reports have been documented on the influence of SW on the production of secondary metabolites in endophytes isolated from medicinal plants. The study investigated the effects of SW and its active compound butenolide (KAR1) on the accumulation of lipophilic tanshinones in endophyte Trichoderma atroviride D16 isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Results showed that the mycelia of T. atroviride D16 treated with SW and KAR1 displayed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the content of tanshinone I, which was evaluated with 2.26-fold (SW) and 1.86-fold (KAR1) of the control on 20 d after treatment. Comparing with the control, the treatment of SW and KAR1 resulted in a significant increase in the content of tanshinone IIA, and the highest levels were observed to be 31.87% (SW 1:2000, v/v) and 17.77% (KAR1 at 10-9 M) on 20 d after treatment. These findings imply the possibility of using SW and KAR1 for enhancing the biosynthesis of tanshinones in T. atroviride D16, and enrich the application of smoke water in the medicinal plant field.

Effects of a butenolide present in smoke on light-mediated germination of Australian Asteraceae

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Merritt ◽  
M. Kristiansen ◽  
G.R. Flematti ◽  
S.R. Turner ◽  
E.L. Ghisalberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
White Light ◽  
Light Regime ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Smoke Water

This study investigated the effects of 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one, a germination active butenolide present in plant-derived smoke, gibberellic acid and smoke water on seeds of AustralianAsteraceaeexposed to different light regimes. Seeds of all species required light, with maximum germination occurring under white light, or light dominated by 640 nm. Compared to untreated seeds, butenolide increased germination ofAngianthus tomentosus,Gnephosis tenuissima,Myriocephalus guerinae,Podolepis canescensandRhodanthe citrinaat suboptimal light wavelengths and in the dark to a level equal to, or greater than, smoke water. Germination ofErymophyllum glossanthusandGnephosis aciculariswas not promoted by butenolide or smoke water under any light regime. The action of gibberellic acid was compared to that of butenolide for three species (Angianthus tomentosus,Myriocephalus guerinaeandPodolepis canescens), and both compounds were found to stimulate germination. This study provides evidence that butenolide can act in a similar fashion as gibberellic acid in promoting seed germination of light-sensitive seeds. The ecological significance of these findings is discussed.

Screening of Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes for Plant Growth Regulating Substances. Introduction of the Gibberellic Acid Induced de-novo Synthesis of Hydrolytic Enzymes in Embryoless Seeds of Triticum aestivum as Test System

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1093-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Hautzel ◽  
Heidrun Anke
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Test System ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
De Novo Synthesis ◽  
Plant Growth Regulating Substances

Abstract A new test system for the detection of plant growth regulating activities was successfully employed. In a screening for inhibitors of the gibberellic acid controlled synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes in embryoless wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum) 160 cultures of ascomycetes and basi­diomycetes were tested. In the extracts of two cultures inhibitory activities were detected. From fermentations of a Hypholoma-species (basidiomycetes) 3,5-dichloro-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol was isolated as the active principle. Galiellalactone and two other new phytotoxins were isolated from cultures of the ascomycete Galiella rufa. At concentrations of 50 μg/ml all four compounds inhibited the de-novo synthesis of α-amylases, proteases, and phosphatases. Further investigations on the mode of action revealed, that all four metabolites interfere with early steps of the biosynthetic path­ ways induced by gibberellic acids. In vivo, the germination of the seeds of several plants was inhibited by these compounds.

scholarly journals Comparative Study between Exogenously Applied Plant Growth Hormones versus Metabolites of Microbial Endophytes as Plant Growth-Promoting for Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1059
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Ismail ◽  
Mohamed A. Amin ◽  
Ahmed M. Eid ◽  
Saad El-Din Hassan ◽  
Hany A. M. Mahgoub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Plant Growth Hormones ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Brevibacillus Agri

Microbial endophytes organize symbiotic relationships with the host plant, and their excretions contain diverse plant beneficial matter such as phytohormones and bioactive compounds. In the present investigation, six bacterial and four fungal strains were isolated from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) root plant, identified using molecular techniques, and their growth-promoting properties were reviewed. All microbial isolates showed varying activities to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and different hydrolytic enzymes such as amylase, cellulase, protease, pectinase, and xylanase. Six bacterial endophytic isolates displayed phosphate-solubilizing capacity and ammonia production. We conducted a field experiment to evaluate the promotion activity of the metabolites of the most potent endophytic bacterial (Bacillus thuringiensis PB2 and Brevibacillus agri PB5) and fungal (Alternaria sorghi PF2 and, Penicillium commune PF3) strains in comparison to two exogenously applied hormone, IAA, and benzyl adenine (BA), on the growth and biochemical characteristics of the P. vulgaris L. Interestingly, our investigations showed that bacterial and fungal endophytic metabolites surpassed the exogenously applied hormones in increasing the plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrate and protein contents, antioxidant enzyme activity, endogenous hormones and yield traits. Our findings illustrate that the endophyte Brevibacillus agri (PB5) provides high potential as a stimulator for the growth and productivity of common bean plants.

scholarly journals Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Indole 3-Acetic Acid on Seed Germination Performance of Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) Lam (Verdc)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lalitha ◽  
Haseena Rafath ◽  
M. Subash
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Macrotyloma Uniflorum ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The experiment was undertaken with an objective to investigate the effect of various concentrations of plant growth regulators, i.e., Gibberellic acid (GA3) and Indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) on seed germination of Macrotyloma uniflorum. Seeds were soaked for 12 hours in different concentrations substances (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mg/L) of IAA, GA3 and control set was soaked only in distilled water.  Three replicates of each treatment with fifty seeds per replicate were arranged for precise physiological analysis. Significant variation was found in all aspects after analysis of variance (ANOVA) of each mean value. After two weeks of seed soaking, it was noted that germination percentages were significantly accelerated by lower concentrations (1 and 2 mg) of used hormones. Amongst the two potential growth regulators, 2 mg/L was found most effective because it showed highest germination percentage for IAA (93%) and GA3 (88%). A great deal of information relating to seed germination practices shows that these plant growth regulators were efficient in overcoming dormancy leading to rapid seed germination. IAA was selected as best hormone in this study, which showed highest seed germination (93%). 

Preparation and Standardisation of Smoke-Water for Seed Germination and Plant Growth Stimulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 338-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhpriya Gupta ◽  
Jakub Hrdlička ◽  
Nelson Ngoroyemoto ◽  
Nkhanedzeni K. Nemahunguni ◽  
Tomáš Gucký ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Plant Growth Stimulation ◽  
Smoke Water

Action of plant growth regulators and salinity on seed germination of Ceratoides lanata

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ajmal Khan ◽  
Bilquees Gul ◽  
Darrell J Weber
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ceratoides Lanata ◽  
Northern Utah ◽  
Almost All

Ceratoides lanata (Pursh) J.T. Howell is a shrub with numerous annual branchlets from the family Chenopodiaceae and is widely distributed in brackish water playas of northern Utah. Seeds had no dormancy, and about 90% of the seeds germinated in nonsaline control. Seed germination decreased with the increase in salinity, and more than 10% of the seeds germinated at 900 mmol/L NaCl. Almost all seeds germinated in less than 24 h, and no additional seed germinated after this time. Gibberellic acid had no effect in alleviating salinity effects; however, kinetin and fusicoccin substantially alleviated the effect of salinity on germination, while ethephon almost completely reverted the effect of salinity.Key words: Ceratoides lanata, gibberellic acid, ethephon, fusicoccin, halophytes, kinetin.

scholarly journals Effects of ionizing-radiation and post-radiation action of some plant growth regulators on the seed germination and seedling growth of Scotch pine

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1–2) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Leszek Michalski
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Scotch Pine ◽  
Radiation Action ◽  
Destructive Action ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Post Radiation

The effects of small doses of gamma irradiation on the seed germination and seedling growth of Scotch pine and post-radiation action of water solutions of IAA, GA<sub>3</sub> and kinetin have been investigated. Changes in the destructive action of ionizing-radiation toy gibberellic acid and its intensifying by IAA and kinetin has been found.

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