CIRCUMSCRIPTION AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF GYMNOCARPOS (CARYOPHYLLACEAE-PARONYCHIOIDEAE)

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. OXELMAN ◽  
B. AHLGREN ◽  
M. THULIN
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
The Status ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences

A molecular phylogenetic study based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequences and plastid rps16 intron sequences on the status of the genus Gymnocarpos (Paronychioideae, Caryophyllaceae) is presented. Gymnocarpos decandrus and Sclerocephalus arabicus form a strongly supported clade within a well-supported group consisting also of G. przewalskii, and the rest of Gymnocarpos. Re-examination of morphological characters also supports this conclusion. Paronychia is found to be polyphyletic, with the subgenera Paronychia and Siphonychia forming a strongly supported sister group to Gymnocarpos, whereas P. kapela and P. chlorothyrsa (representing subgen. Anoplonychia) are found to be related to Herniaria and Philippiella. A key to the 10 species recognized in Gymnocarpos is presented, as well as synoptical information on nomenclature and distributions.

Phylogeography and morphological variation of the northernmost distributed species of the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Liolaemini) from Patagonia

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Florencia Breitman ◽  
Ramiro Jesús Neyro Martinez ◽  
Luciano Javier Avila ◽  
Jack Walter Sites ◽  
Mariana Morando
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Limited Sample ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Candidate Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Eleven Species

Lizards from the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section are endemic to Patagonia, southern South America. Three main groups are recognized within this section, one of which, the L. kingii group includes eleven species. The two northernmost distributed species of this group, L. somuncurae and L. uptoni, are endemic to a small area that partly overlaps with the Provincial Protected Area Somuncurá Plateau (within the Somuncurá massif). Knowledge available for these species is based on limited sample sizes, and mostly limited to their original descriptions; also a recent molecular phylogenetic study showed evidence for a closely related candidate species (Liolaemus sp. 4). In this paper we morphologically and genetically characterize the species L. somuncurae, L. uptoni, and L. sp. 4, and present past demographic hypotheses. We studied eighty lizards, and collected morphological and genetic data for almost all of them. The specific status of L. somuncurae and L. uptoni is supported by molecular, morphological, and distributional evidence, as well as the status of L. sp. 4; for which we recommend further morphological comparisons with other species of the L. kingii group. We also identified two novel lineages from restricted areas south of the Chubut River that we propose as candidate species. We extend previously published evidence (from plants and rodents) supporting the role of the Chubut River as an allopatric barrier. Also, in agreement with previous results based on plants, we found evidence for two refugia in northwestern Chubut, for which we encourage conservation efforts.

A molecular phylogenetic analysis of genus Anevrina (Diptera: Phoridae), with the description of a new species and updated world key

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2397 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL T. SMITH ◽  
BRIAN V. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Tree ◽  
Monophyletic Lineage ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Branch Support ◽  
New Synonymy ◽  
A New Species

Here we report on the first molecular phylogenetic study of the phorid genus Anevrina using a combination of nuclear (28S) and mitochondrial (12S, ND1 and CO1) genes for a total of 2220bp. Both maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses recovered Anevrina as a monophyletic lineage within a broad sampling of phorid taxa that included 13 genera from 4 subfamilies. The higher-level relationships of phorid taxa based on the molecular tree were (Sciadocerinae + ((Hypocerinae + Phorinae) + Metopininae))). Relationships of species within Anevrina were also fully resolved with strong branch support in the form of posterior probabilities, bootstrap values, and decay indices. Two major clades were identified within Anevrina: ((A. luggeri + A. macateei) + (A. curvinervis + A. unispinosa)), which was joined as a sister group to ((A. variabilis + A. thoracica) + (A. olympiae + A. urbana)). A new and first Neotropical species, A. neotropica, from Costa Rica is described, illustrated, and included in an updated world key. Anevrina setigera (Loew, 1874) is synonymized with A. urbana (Meigen, 1830), new synonymy.

A molecular phylogenetic study of Hylopetes (Rodentia: Sciuridae) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farong Yu ◽  
Xiuzhen Lian ◽  
Zuoping Li ◽  
Mingren Xie
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cytochrome B Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
Distinct Genus ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Close Genetic Relationship ◽  
Tectonic Movements

AbstractTo elucidate the phylogenetic relationships of Hylopetes, the complete cytochrome-b gene sequences (1,140 bp) were determined from degraded museum specimens for phylogenetic study. The large genetic differences (18.1% to 20.7%) separate Eoglaucomys from Hylopetes as a distinct genus. Phylogenetic relationships reconstructed with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods show that all Hylopetes were genetically clustered as two major groups, the Indochinese Hylopetes group including H. alboniger and H. phayrei, and the Sundaic group consisting of H. lepidus, H. nigripes, and H. spadiceus. The close genetic relationship and the recent divergence suggest that the Indochinese group rapidly extended to their present distributions with the uplifting of the Himalayas last few million years ago, whereas the oceanic tectonic movements during the Pliocene-Pleistocene resulted in the current geographical distributions of the Sundaic group through alteration of dispersal across the islands of the Sunda Shelf.

scholarly journals Molecular phylogenetic study of the tribe Tropidieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae) with taxonomic and evolutionary implications

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Izai A. B. Sabino Kikuchi ◽  
Paul J. A. Keβler ◽  
André Schuiteman ◽  
Jin Murata ◽  
Tetsuo Ohi-Toma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
High Support ◽  
Photosynthetic Ability

The orchid tribe Tropidieae comprises three genera, Tropidia, Corymborkis and Kalimantanorchis. There are three fully mycoheterotrophic species within Tropidieae: Tropidia saprophytica, T. connata and Kalimantanorchis nagamasui. A previous phylogenetic study of K. nagamasui, based only on plastid matK data, placed K. nagamasui outside the clade of Tropidia and Corymborkis without support. In this study, we performed phylogenetic analyses using a nuclear ribosomal DNA spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), a low-copy nuclear coding gene (Xdh) and a mitochondrial intron (nad1b-c intron) to study the phylogenetic relationships within Tropidieae. We included six photosynthetic and all three fully mycoheterotrophic Tropidieae species. The resulting phylogenetic trees placed these fully mycoheterotrophic species inside the Tropidia clade with high support. In our trees, these three species do not form a monophyletic group together, because the photosynthetic T. graminea is nested amongst them. Our results also suggest that the loss of photosynthetic ability occurred at least twice in Tropidia.

scholarly journals Molecular phylogenetics, seed morphometrics, chromosome number evolution and systematics of EuropeanElatineL. (Elatinaceae) species

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Sramkó ◽  
Attila Molnár V. ◽  
János Pál Tóth ◽  
Levente Laczkó ◽  
Anna Kalinka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Mediterranean Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Chromosome Number Evolution ◽  
High Degree

The genusElatinecontainsca25 species, all of which are small, herbaceous annuals distributed in ephemeral waters on both hemispheres. However, due to a high degree of morphological variability (as a consequence of their amphibious life-style), the taxonomy of this genus remains controversial. Thus, to fill this gap in knowledge, we present a detailed molecular phylogenetic study of this genus based on nuclear (rITS) and plastid (accD-psaI,psbJ-petA,ycf6-psbM-trnD) sequences using 27 samples from 13 species. On the basis of this phylogenetic analysis, we provide a solid phylogenetic background for the modern taxonomy of the European members of the genus. Traditionally accepted sections of this tree (i.e., CryptaandElatinella) were found to be monophyletic; onlyE. borchoni—found to be a basal member of the genus—has to be excluded from the latter lineage to achieve monophyly. A number of taxonomic conclusions can also be drawn:E. hexandra, a high-ploid species, is most likely a stabilised hybrid between the main sections;E. campylospermamerits full species status based on both molecular and morphological evidence;E. gussoneiis a more widespread and genetically diverse species with two main lineages; and the presence of the AsianE. ambiguain the European flora is questionable. The main lineages recovered in this analysis are also supported by a number of synapomorphic morphological characters as well as uniform chromosome counts. Based on all the evidence presented here, two new subsections withinElatinellaare described: subsectionHydropiperaconsisting of the temperate species of the section, and subsectionMacropodaeincluding the Mediterranean species of the section.

Nomenclatural novelties in Astraea (Euphorbiaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Beatriz Rossi Caruzo ◽  
Otávio Luis Marques Da Silva ◽  
Paul E. Berry ◽  
Inês Cordeiro
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Valid Genus ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological Differences

Astraea Klotzsch (1841: 194) was considered a synonym of Croton Linnaeus (1753: 1004) by many authors (Baillon 1858, Müller 1866, Pax & Hoffmann 1931, Webster 1994, Radcliffe-Smith 2001), but based on a molecular phylogenetic study of Croton and related groups, Berry et al. (2005a) justified recognizing Astraea again as a valid genus. De-Paula et al. (2011) showed morphological differences in the flowers of these two genera, corroborating the findings of Berry et al. (2005a). Riina et al. (2014) discussed additional morphological characters separating Astraea from both Croton and its sister genus Brasiliocroton Berry & Cordeiro in Berry et al. (2005b: 357). Some species that were originally described under Croton have already been transferred to Astraea (Berry et al. 2005a, Caruzo & Cordeiro 2007, Zuloaga et al. 2007, Van Ee 2011), and Van Ee (2011) accounted for numerous names of Astraea invalidly published by Klotzsch (1841). However, there are still several species of Croton that should be transferred to Astraea. As part of an ongoing taxonomic revision of the genus Astraea, we herein propose the necessary remaining transfers. Astraea has an estimated 13 species, most of them distributed in South America, especially in Brazil. Astraea lobata (Linnaeus 1753: 1005) Klotzsch (1841: 194) is the only species occurring throughout the Neotropical region and is also found, introduced, in Africa and Yemen.

A phylogenetic analysis of filarial nematodes: comparison with the phylogeny of Wolbachia endosymbionts

Parasitology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. CASIRAGHI ◽  
T.J.C. ANDERSON ◽  
C. BANDI ◽  
C. BAZZOCCHI ◽  
C. GENCHI
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Filarial Nematodes ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Infection with the endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia is widespread in filarial nematodes. Previous studies have suggested concordance between the phylogeny of Wolbachia with that of their nematode hosts. However, there is only one published molecular phylogenetic study of filarial species, based on the 5S rRNA gene spacer. The phylogeny proposed by this study is partially incongruent with previous classifications of filarial nematodes, based on morphological characters. Furthermore, both traditional classifications and molecular phylogenies are, in part, inconsistent with the phylogeny of Wolbachia. Here we report mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequences for 11 species of filaria and for another spirurid nematode which was included as an outgroup. In addition, 16S rRNA, wsp and ftsZ gene sequences were generated for the Wolbachia of several filarial species, in order to complete the available data sets and further resolve the phylogeny of Wolbachia in nematodes. We used these data to evaluate whether nematode and Wolbachia phylogenies are concordant. Some of the possible phylogenetic reconstructions based on COI gene were congruent with the phylogeny of Wolbachia and supported the grouping of the rodent filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis with the lymphatic filariae (i.e. Brugia spp. and Wuchereria spp.) and the sister group relationship of Dirofilaria spp. and Onchocerca spp. However, the placement of the Wolbachia-free filaria Acanthocheilonema viteae is ambiguous and dependent on the phylogenetic methods used.

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