Tenements to bungalows: class and the growth of home ownership before ‘World War II’

Urban History ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette O'Carroll
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
White Collar ◽  
World War ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

ABSTRACTWhich social groups were moving into owner occupation in Britain before the Second World War is a matter of controversy, with opposing claims that this involved mainly white-collar or skilled manual workers. Although reliable figures showing the growth of home ownership in this period are rare, data are available for Edinburgh which indicate that tenure development in the city probably resembled that of England and Wales rather than the rest of Scotland. The relationship between income and the cost of home ownership is examined and this suggests that the main social group to move into owner occupation were probably white-collar workers. However, an analysis of occupational information from housing across a range of values in the city shows that this movement also affected manual workers and that there was a strong association between the proportions in each social class and the average rateable value of areas of housing.

Children born of war during and after the Second World War

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Lee
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Final Part ◽  
World War ◽  
Contemporary Media ◽  
East And West ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World

This chapter explores the relationship between soldiers and local women in various theatres of war during World War II, tracing in particular nationalistic and racial undercurrents in the development of national policies vis-à-vis,military-civilian relations. It traces in particular Nazi policies in both East and West with view to eugenics, as well as Allied policies in preparing for and implementing post-war occupations in Germany and Austria, including guidance for soldiers on relations with the (former) enemy. The final part of the chapter gives a voice to children born of war themselves. Using a variety of sources ranging from ego-documents including autobiographies and memoirs as well as interviews and narratives as well as contemporary media reports, it analyses the CBOW reflections on their lifecourses.

Money and the Ghetto, Money in the Ghetto

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-499
Author(s):  
Destin Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
Racial Capitalism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forms Of Violence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This essay revisits Making the Second Ghetto to consider what Arnold Hirsch argued about the relationship between race, money, and the ghetto. It explores how Hirsch’s analysis of this relationship was at once consistent with those penned by other urban historians and distinct from those interested in the political economy of the ghetto. Although moneymaking was hardly the main focus, Hirsch’s engagement with “Vampire” rental agencies and panic peddlers laid the groundwork for an analysis that treats the post–World War II metropolis as a crucial node in the history of racial capitalism. Finally, this essay offers a way to connect local forms of violence to the kinds of constraints imposed by financiers far removed from the city itself.

scholarly journals Returning Chernivtsi to the Cultural Map of Europe: The Meridian Czernowitz International Poetry Festival

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-256
Author(s):  
Niklas Bernsand
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Second World War ◽  
City Branding ◽  
World War ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

This article is part of the special cluster titled Bukovina and Bukovinians after the Second World War: (Re)shaping and (re)thinking a region after genocide and ‘ethnic unmixing’, guest edited by Gaëlle Fisher and Maren Röger. Drawing on tropes, stories, and symbols emanating from lost layers of urban cultural diversity has been an important resource in post-socialist city branding in many cities in Eastern and Central Europe that saw significant ethno-demographic changes in connection with World War II. In Chernivtsi, this is usually framed by narratives emphasizing tolerance, cultural diversity, and Europeanness, notions that are prominent in myths about the city in German-speaking Central Europe. A common strategy here, found in municipal city branding and in commercial efforts to draw on the multiethnic past in restaurants and cafés, is to deemphasize difficult questions about what actually happened to the celebrated cultural diversity and soften or ignore the temporal break. The article analyses how the International Poetry Festival Meridian Czernowitz, that has taken place in Chernivtsi since 2010, works with the city’s culturally diverse past and its literary dimensions, drawing on tropes from both local multiculturalist narratives and on the Bukowina-Mythos popularised by intellectuals from German-speaking countries. Although the festival is not a venue for working through traumas, locating events in symbolically charged places such as the Jewish cemetery and highlighting Holocaust themes in poetry readings opens up for difficult questions where the lost cultural diversity might become something more than only a resource.

scholarly journals Memory and change through Le Corbusier. Fragments of urban views

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola Gorgeri
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
World War ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Urban Project ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
New Buildings

Abstract: In the urban project of Le Corbusier the relationship between new and existing is opportunity of poetic composition. The real traces of the past of one place are transformative tools by which the new project is developed. The projects after World War II, like reconstruction project of Saint-Dié, are occasions to reflect about the new urban developments, rapid and extensive, and the relation of them with the landscape in a new territorial vision. The fragments of past and the new buildings are seen like belonging to a same context of reference and the entire urban composition forming part of a landscape on more large scale. Therefore, the urban project is an ensemble of architectural objects and nature that are held together by calculated visual relation. It is a kind of montage of urban views related to the dimension and measure of the human subject, like visual points or pedestrian paths. Memory and change are linked together by the natural history process and commensurate also to the human measure by a three dimension urbanism where the architecture can anew make the city. Resumen: En el proyecto urbanístico de Le Corbusier la relación entre la nueva y la existente es la oportunidad de la composición poética. Las huellas reales del pasado de un lugar son herramientas de transformación por el que se desarrolla el nuevo proyecto. Los proyectos después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, como el proyecto de reconstrucción de Saint-Dié, son ocasiones para reflexionar acerca de los nuevos desarrollos urbanos, rápidas y amplias, y la relación de ellos con el paisaje en una nueva visión territorial. Los fragmentos del pasado y los nuevos edificios son vistos como pertenecientes a un mismo contexto de referencia y toda la composición que forma parte urbana de un paisaje de más gran escala. Por lo tanto, el proyecto urbano es un conjunto de objetos arquitectónicos y la naturaleza que se mantienen unidas por la relación visual calculada. Es una especie de montaje de vistas urbanas relacionadas con la dimensión y la medida del ser humano, al igual que los puntos visuales o caminos peatonales. La memoria y el cambio están unidos entre sí por el proceso de la historia natural y acorde también a la medida humana por un tres dimensiones urbanismo donde la arquitectura de nuevo puede hacer de la ciudad.  Keywords: urban project; landscape; memory; Saint-Dié. Palabras clave: proyecto urbano; paisaje; memoria; Saint-Dié. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.927 

Black Migration, White Flight

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Platt Boustan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Highway Construction ◽  
White Flight ◽  
World War ◽  
The South ◽  
Black Migration ◽  
The North ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This chapter presents new causal evidence on the relationship between black arrivals to cities and white departures, a trend referred to as “white flight.” The simultaneity of black in-migration from the South and white relocation to the suburbs, both of which peaked from 1940 to 1970, suggests that the two population flows may be related. This chapter uses variation in the timing of black in-migration to the seventy largest cities in the North and West to distinguish white flight from other causes of suburbanization. It argues that while white suburbanization was primarily motivated by economic forces, including rising incomes, new highway construction, and the falling cost of credit in the decades after World War II, white departures from the city were also, in part, a reaction to black in-migration.

scholarly journals Мемориальная культура и массмедиа Донецка: март–август 2014 года

2021 ◽  
pp. 202-225
Author(s):  
Элеонора Георгиевна Шестакова ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
World War ◽  
Memory Culture ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mechanisms Of Memory ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

The article discusses the main mechanisms of memory culture manipulation, observed in the Donetsk mass media from March to August 2014. The problem of the culture of remembrance is considered by the author in connection with the concepts and phenomena that are currently of interest to the European and American humanities, such as the memory industry, memory debt, memory abuse, oblivion traps, the cult of heroes and victims, memory as a drug social. The work also takes into account the relationship between the culture of memory and the term mediapolis, which is relatively new in the theory of mass communication. The review of the press material in the magazines „Donetskije novosti” („Донецкие новости”) and „Munitsipalnaja gazeta” („Муниципальная газета”) – publications, which have been creating various media, technical and various mechanisms for almost 20 years, indicate models of the memory industry for the formation of moods, views and behavior of recipients. By referring to the events of World War II, the fascist occupation of Donbas, as well as the Soviet episode in the history of the region, these titles do not show the horror, tragedy, and complexity of this period, but build the cult of the „glorious past”, its heroes and triumphs. This takes place at the cost of marginalizing the memory of the victims, war veterans, tragedies and social and personal losses, or a geopolitical catastrophe, leading to an increase in over-glaring patriotic feelings among readers. This, in turn, contributed to the intensification of social chaos and the need for military confrontation, and, as a result, abandoning the idea of a peaceful solution to the conflict in Donbas.

Building Hitler's Europe: Forced Labor in the Danish Construction Business during World War II

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Lund
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
New Order ◽  
World War ◽  
Slave Labor ◽  
General Government ◽  
Economic Collaboration ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World

This article examines how Danish cement factories and building contractors, in particular F. L. Smidth & Co. A/S and its business partner Højgaard & Schultz A/S, used forced and slave labor in Estonia, the Polish General Government, and Serbia as they worked for the German authorities during the Second World War. The article presents new evidence on the use of forced and slave labor inside the European “New Order” and emphasizes the willingness of the companies to expand and engage in morally questionable behavior. The findings illuminate the close connection between political and economic collaboration and contribute to the discussion about the relationship between business and politics during dictatorship, war, and occupation.

The Jewish workers in the port of Thessaloniki (1939-1943): Their war experience as workers, Greeks and Jews

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-373
Author(s):  
Shai Srougo
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Blue Collar ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Blue Collar Workers ◽  
The World ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
History Of ◽  
War Experience

This article explores the last chapter in the long history of the Jewish port workers in the waterfront of Thessaloniki—the World War II years. The Jewish blue-collar workers and white-collar workers shared a common history, and at the same time, each had a different story to tell on the drama of the war. Their everyday experience in the roles of workers, soldiers, non-combatants, and as Greek civilians reveals the Jewish role in shaping the space of the wartime port during three periods: Greek neutrality (September 1939 to September 1940), the Greek-Italian War (October 1940 to March 1941), and German occupation from April 1941 to March 1943, when the port became an ‘Aryan’ space.

John Cranko's Antigone (1959): A Ballet Lost and Found

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Henrietta Bannerman
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jean Racine ◽  
World War ◽  
Martha Graham ◽  
Detailed Consideration ◽  
Lost And Found ◽  
The Many ◽  
Tragic Drama ◽  
The Relationship

John Cranko's dramatic and theatrically powerful Antigone (1959) disappeared from the ballet repertory in 1966 and this essay calls for a reappraisal and restaging of the work for 21st century audiences. Created in a post-World War II environment, and in the wake of appearances in London by the Martha Graham Company and Jerome Robbins’ Ballets USA, I point to American influences in Cranko's choreography. However, the discussion of the Greek-themed Antigone involves detailed consideration of the relationship between the ballet and the ancient dramas which inspired it, especially as the programme notes accompanying performances emphasised its Sophoclean source but failed to recognise that Cranko mainly based his ballet on an early play by Jean Racine. As Antigone derives from tragic drama, the essay investigates catharsis, one of the many principles that Aristotle delineated in the Poetics. This well-known effect is produced by Greek tragedies but the critics of the era complained about its lack in Cranko's ballet – views which I challenge. There is also an investigation of the role of Antigone, both in the play and in the ballet, and since Cranko created the role for Svetlana Beriosova, I reflect on memories of Beriosova's interpretation supported by more recent viewings of Edmée Wood's 1959 film.

Confluencia geopolítica entre Cárdenas y Roosevelt:

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-254
Author(s):  
Andreu Espasa
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
New Deal ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Alliance ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The New Deal

De forma un tanto paradójica, a finales de los años treinta, las relaciones entre México y Estados Unidos sufrieron uno de los momentos de máxima tensión, para pasar, a continuación, a experimentar una notable mejoría, alcanzando el cénit en la alianza política y militar sellada durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. El episodio catalizador de la tensión y posterior reconciliación fue, sin duda, el conflicto diplomático planteado tras la nacionalización petrolera de 1938. De entre los factores que propiciaron la solución pacífica y negociada al conflicto petrolero, el presente artículo se centra en analizar dos fenómenos del momento. En primer lugar, siguiendo un orden de relevancia, se examina el papel que tuvo la Guerra Civil Española. Aunque las posturas de ambos gobiernos ante el conflicto español fueron sustancialmente distintas, las interpretaciones y las lecciones sobre sus posibles consecuencias permitieron un mayor entendimiento entre los dos países vecinos. En segundo lugar, también se analizarán las afinidades ideológicas entre el New Deal y el cardenismo en el contexto de la crisis mundial económica y política de los años treinta, con el fin de entender su papel lubricante en las relaciones bilaterales de la época. Somewhat paradoxically, at the end of the 1930s, the relationship between Mexico and the United States experienced one of its tensest moments, after which it dramatically improved, reaching its zenith in the political and military alliance cemented during World War II. The catalyst for this tension and subsequent reconciliation was, without doubt, the diplomatic conflict that arose after the oil nationalization of 1938. Of the various factors that led to a peaceful negotiated solution to the oil conflict, this article focuses on analyzing two phenomena. Firstly—in order of importance—this article examines the role that the Spanish Civil War played. Although the positions of both governments in relation to the Spanish war were significantly different, the interpretations and lessons concerning potential consequences enabled a greater understanding between the two neighboring countries. Secondly, this article also analyzes the ideological affinities between the New Deal and Cardenismo in the context of the global economic and political crisis of the thirties, seeking to understand their role in facilitating bilateral relations during that period.

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