MIGRAINE IN PREGNANCY

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-193
Author(s):  
SYAM DAS ◽  
MOHAMED K MUHASSEB ◽  
ANDREW D LOUGHNEY
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Severe Headache ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Visual Aura ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Aretaeus Of Cappadocia ◽  
Clear Description ◽  
In Pregnancy

Reference to people suffering bouts of severe headache with associated vomiting and visual aura may be found in texts that date back 5000 years but the first clear description of migraine as a distinct clinical entity was provided by Aretaeus of Cappadocia in the second century AD. Today, at least 80% of women experience headaches in adult life and in approximately a quarter of these cases the pain is recurrent and incapacitating. When each episode of headache lasts between 4 and 72 hours and is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia or phonophobia, the symptoms fulfil the International Headache Society's current definition of the syndrome called migraine, detailed in Table 1.

scholarly journals Does the Current Definition of Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury Reflect a True Clinical Entity?

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1261-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Sinert ◽  
Ethan Brandler ◽  
Ramanand Arun Subramanian ◽  
Andrew C. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
Definition Of

scholarly journals The Placenta as a Target of Epigenetic Alterations in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Potential Implications for the Offspring

Epigenomes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Dennise Lizárraga ◽  
Alejandra García-Gasca
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
In Pregnancy

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy complication first detected in the second or third trimester in women that did not show evident glucose intolerance or diabetes before gestation. In 2019, the International Diabetes Federation reported that 15.8% of live births were affected by hyperglycemia during pregnancy, of which 83.6% were due to gestational diabetes mellitus, 8.5% were due to diabetes first detected in pregnancy, and 7.9% were due to diabetes detected before pregnancy. GDM increases the susceptibility to developing chronic diseases for both the mother and the baby later in life. Under GDM conditions, the intrauterine environment becomes hyperglycemic, while also showing high concentrations of fatty acids and proinflammatory cytokines, producing morphological, structural, and molecular modifications in the placenta, affecting its function; these alterations may predispose the baby to disease in adult life. Molecular alterations include epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA and RNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, and expression of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). The placenta is a unique organ that originates only in pregnancy, and its main function is communication between the mother and the fetus, ensuring healthy development. Thus, this review provides up-to-date information regarding two of the best-documented (epigenetic) mechanisms (DNA methylation and miRNA expression) altered in the human placenta under GDM conditions, as well as potential implications for the offspring.

scholarly journals A Definition of Conditional Probability with Non-Stochastic Information

Entropy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 572
Author(s):  
Pier Bissiri ◽  
Stephen Walker
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Probability ◽  
Loss Function ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
Definition Of

The current definition of a conditional probability enables one to update probabilities only on the basis of stochastic information. This paper provides a definition for conditional probability with non-stochastic information. The definition is derived by a set of axioms, where the information is connected to the outcome of interest via a loss function. An illustration is presented.

scholarly journals Nonlinear Generalisation of Quantum Mechanics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Lorentz Invariance ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Dynamical Condition ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
Klein Gordon ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mechanical Momentum

It is known since Madelung that the Schrödinger equation can be thought of as governing the evolution of an incompressible fluid, but the current theory fails to mathematically express this incompressibility in terms of the wavefunction without facing problem. In this paper after showing that the current definition of quantum-mechanical momentum as a linear operator is neither the most general nor a necessary result of the de Broglie hypothesis, a new definition is proposed that can yield both a meaningful mathematical condition for the incompressibility of the Madelung fluid, and nonlinear generalisations of Schrödinger and Klein-Gordon equations. The derived equations satisfy all conditions that are expected from a proper generalisation: simplification to their linear counterparts by a well-defined dynamical condition; Galilean and Lorentz invariance (respectively); and signifying only rays in the Hilbert space.

Validity and utility of the current definition of binge eating

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 674-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara E. Wolfe ◽  
Christina Wood Baker ◽  
Adrian T. Smith ◽  
Susan Kelly-Weeder
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
Definition Of

PULMONOCARDIAC FAILURE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-399
Author(s):  
W. F. O'CONNELL ◽  
Y. C. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Typical Case ◽  
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Thoracic Deformity ◽  
Early Adult Life

Pulmonocardiac failure is a clinical entity caused by severe spinal and thoracic deformity, usually ending fatally in early adult life. Right ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation without any significant pulmonary vascular or interstitial fibrotic changes are prominent findings at autopsy. The etiology, incidence, clinical manifestations and possible mechanism are discussed. A typical case occurring in childhood with certain unusual features is presented.

An Objective Approach Toward Understanding Auditory Processing Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Akshay R. Maggu ◽  
Tobias Overath
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Domain Specificity ◽  
Auditory Processing Disorder ◽  
Theoretical Construct ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose In the field of audiology, auditory processing disorder (APD) continues to be a topic of ongoing debate for clinicians and scientists alike, both in terms of theory and clinical practice. In the current viewpoint, we first lay out the main issues that are central to the controversy surrounding APD, and then suggest a framework toward their resolution. Method The current viewpoint is informed by reviewing existing studies in the field of APD to better understand the issues contributing to the controversies in APD. Results We found that, within the current definition of APD, the two main issues that make the APD diagnosis controversial are (a) comorbidity with other disorders and (b) the lack of domain specificity. These issues remain unresolved, especially with the use of the existing behavioral APD test batteries. In this viewpoint, we shed light on how they can be mitigated by implementing the administration of an objective, physiological test battery. Conclusions By administering an objective test battery, as proposed in this viewpoint, we believe that it will be possible to achieve a higher degree of specificity to the auditory domain that will not only contribute towards clinical practice but also contribute towards strengthening APD as a theoretical construct.

Designing for Intergenerational Play

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinem Siyahhan ◽  
Elisabeth Gee
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Family Engagement ◽  
After School ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Community Learning ◽  
Design Based Research ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
Intergenerational Play ◽  
Family Friendly ◽  
Definition Of

In this chapter, we bring everything together and provide guidance on how educators and game designers can facilitate productive family engagement around video games. We discuss activity structures we designed and tested in after school and home environments that help connect school, home, and community learning. We also draw upon two design-based research projects to examine how to develop video games for families that expand the current definition of “family-friendly games.”

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document