scholarly journals A Definition of Conditional Probability with Non-Stochastic Information

Entropy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 572
Author(s):  
Pier Bissiri ◽  
Stephen Walker
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Probability ◽  
Loss Function ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
Definition Of

The current definition of a conditional probability enables one to update probabilities only on the basis of stochastic information. This paper provides a definition for conditional probability with non-stochastic information. The definition is derived by a set of axioms, where the information is connected to the outcome of interest via a loss function. An illustration is presented.

scholarly journals Nonlinear Generalisation of Quantum Mechanics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Lorentz Invariance ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Dynamical Condition ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
Klein Gordon ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mechanical Momentum

It is known since Madelung that the Schrödinger equation can be thought of as governing the evolution of an incompressible fluid, but the current theory fails to mathematically express this incompressibility in terms of the wavefunction without facing problem. In this paper after showing that the current definition of quantum-mechanical momentum as a linear operator is neither the most general nor a necessary result of the de Broglie hypothesis, a new definition is proposed that can yield both a meaningful mathematical condition for the incompressibility of the Madelung fluid, and nonlinear generalisations of Schrödinger and Klein-Gordon equations. The derived equations satisfy all conditions that are expected from a proper generalisation: simplification to their linear counterparts by a well-defined dynamical condition; Galilean and Lorentz invariance (respectively); and signifying only rays in the Hilbert space.

Validity and utility of the current definition of binge eating

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 674-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara E. Wolfe ◽  
Christina Wood Baker ◽  
Adrian T. Smith ◽  
Susan Kelly-Weeder
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
Definition Of

An Objective Approach Toward Understanding Auditory Processing Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Akshay R. Maggu ◽  
Tobias Overath
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Domain Specificity ◽  
Auditory Processing Disorder ◽  
Theoretical Construct ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose In the field of audiology, auditory processing disorder (APD) continues to be a topic of ongoing debate for clinicians and scientists alike, both in terms of theory and clinical practice. In the current viewpoint, we first lay out the main issues that are central to the controversy surrounding APD, and then suggest a framework toward their resolution. Method The current viewpoint is informed by reviewing existing studies in the field of APD to better understand the issues contributing to the controversies in APD. Results We found that, within the current definition of APD, the two main issues that make the APD diagnosis controversial are (a) comorbidity with other disorders and (b) the lack of domain specificity. These issues remain unresolved, especially with the use of the existing behavioral APD test batteries. In this viewpoint, we shed light on how they can be mitigated by implementing the administration of an objective, physiological test battery. Conclusions By administering an objective test battery, as proposed in this viewpoint, we believe that it will be possible to achieve a higher degree of specificity to the auditory domain that will not only contribute towards clinical practice but also contribute towards strengthening APD as a theoretical construct.

Designing for Intergenerational Play

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinem Siyahhan ◽  
Elisabeth Gee
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Family Engagement ◽  
After School ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Community Learning ◽  
Design Based Research ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
Intergenerational Play ◽  
Family Friendly ◽  
Definition Of

In this chapter, we bring everything together and provide guidance on how educators and game designers can facilitate productive family engagement around video games. We discuss activity structures we designed and tested in after school and home environments that help connect school, home, and community learning. We also draw upon two design-based research projects to examine how to develop video games for families that expand the current definition of “family-friendly games.”

A History of Police Psychology

2019 ◽  
pp. 377-402
Author(s):  
Philip S. Trompetter
Keyword(s):  
Public Safety ◽  
American Psychological Association ◽  
Police Psychology ◽  
American Psychological ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
Specialty Board ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter briefly identifies important societal events and governmental responses that set the stage for the emergence of the specialty of police psychology, provides the names and departments of early practitioners (1963-1990) of police psychology, and explains how the current definition of police psychology was developed, with its four domains and 55 proficiencies. The maturation of the specialty is outlined from its recognition as an American Psychological Association (APA) proficiency, to the creation of an American Board of Police & Public Safety Psychology (ABPPSP) specialty board, and most recently to its recognition as an APA specialty.

Changing Concepts and Current Definition of Majocchi’s Granuloma

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Durdu ◽  
Hazal Kandemir ◽  
Macit Ilkit ◽  
G. Sybren de Hoog
Keyword(s):  
Current Definition ◽  
Majocchi’S Granuloma ◽  
Definition Of

scholarly journals Symptom-based diagnosis of overactive bladder: an overview

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (5-S2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Alan Wein
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Urge Incontinence ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
Definition Of

The current definition of overactive bladder (OAB) is “urgency,with or without urge incontinence, usually with frequency andnocturia in the absence of an underlying metabolic or pathologiccondition.” Urgency, in turn, is defined as a “sudden, compellingdesire to pass urine that is difficult to defer.” While these definitionsprovide the framework for making a clinical diagnosis ofOAB, they rely on subjective assessment of the symptoms by thepatient. As well, the symptoms of OAB can be similar to thoseseen in other conditions, such as urinary tract infection, benignprostatic enlargement and bladder cancer. These other potentialdiagnoses should be ruled out in a noninvasive manner beforemaking a diagnosis of OAB.

Artinskian conodonts from the Dingjiazhai Formation of the Baoshan Block, west Yunnan, southwest China

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumi Ueno ◽  
Yoshihiro Mizuno ◽  
Xiangdong Wang ◽  
Shilong Mei
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
Stratigraphic Unit ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
Conodont Fauna ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

Permian conodonts were recovered for the first time from the Dingjiazhai Formation, a well-known diamictite-bearing stratigraphic unit in the Gondwana-derived Baoshan Block in West Yunnan, Southwest China. The conodont fauna occurs in limestone units within the upper part of the formation and consists of Sweetognathus bucaramangus (Rabe), S. whitei (Rhodes), Mesogondolella bisselli (Clark and Behnken), and an unidentified ramiform element. Based on the known stratigraphic distribution of 5. bucaramangus (Rabe), the fauna is referable to the upper Sweetognathus whitei-Mesogondolella bisselli Zone, and thus is dated as middle Artinskian according to the current definition of the stage. The Dingjiazhai Formation is overlain paraconformably by the Woniusi Formation, which is represented mostly by basalts and basaltic volcaniclastics related to rifting volcanism during the separation of the Baoshan Block from Gondwanaland. The present discovery of conodonts from the upper part of the Dingjiazhai Formation reveals that the glaciogene diamictites in the Dingjiazhai Formation are older than middle Artinskian, and the inception of rifting volcanism of the Baoshan Block is later than middle Artinskian.Occurrence of an essentially warm water element, Sweetognathus bucaramangus (Rabe), in the Dingjiazhai conodont assemblage notwithstanding, the entire fossil faunas including brachiopods and fusulinoideans from the limestone units of the formation can be best interpreted as a middle latitudinal, non-tropical, and still substantially Gondwana-influenced assemblage developed at the northern margin of Gondwanaland just after deglaciation in the southern hemisphere during Early Permian time. This time could be regarded as the beginning of the Cimmerian Region, which had mixed or transitional paleobiogeographic characteristics between the Paleoequatorial Tethyan and cool/cold Gondwanan realms, and which became well developed during Middle Permian time.

A new species of Versicorpus Deschodt, Davis & Scholtz, 2011 (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Byrrhidiini) from the Brandberg Mountain, Namibia

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4671 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
CHRISTIAN M. DESCHODT ◽  
CATHERINE L. SOLE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Male Specimen ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
Constituent Species ◽  
Procavia Capensis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A New Species

The recently described dung beetle tribe Byrrhidiini currently comprises seven genera and nineteen species (Davis et al. 2019). During a recent collecting expedition to the Brandberg Mountain [S21.11° E14.69°] in Namibia, a single male specimen, together with various disarticulated body parts of a new species belonging to this tribe were collected. It was found amongst dried hyrax (Procavia capensis) dung pellets between large granite boulders. This new species clearly fits the current definition of the genus Versicorpus Deschodt, Davis & Scholtz, 2011. This raises the number of the constituent species of Versicorpus to three and that for Byrrhidiini to twenty. 

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