Indigenous chicken genetic resources in Bangladesh: current status and future outlook

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K.F.H. Bhuiyan ◽  
M.S.A. Bhuiyan ◽  
G.K. Deb
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Production System ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Indigenous Chickens

SummaryLivestock, especially poultry, is a promising sector for poverty reduction in Bangladesh. Approximately 140 millions chickens are scattered throughout 68 000 villages in the country, mostly of indigenous, non-descript type. The production system for indigenous chickens is smallholder backyard scavenging in nature with each family keeping an average of 6–7 chickens to meet family requirements, and from which a cash income can also be derived when necessary. Indigenous chickens produce about 75% of the eggs and 78% of the meat consumed domestically. Among said indigenous chicken genetic resources, non-descript Deshi, Aseel and Naked Neck breeds are noteworthyThe non-descript Deshi chicken constitutes about 90% of the indigenous population. Also known as ‘Murghi’, they have undergone unknown periods of natural selection and are a reservoir of excellent genetic diversity. They show high levels of morphological and phenotypic variability and increased fitness under natural settings. Studies reveal that they may be regarded as one breed or population because of the small genetic distances among them. Deshi chickens are characterized by black (75%) and red (25%) plumage colour; black (39%), yellow (32%) and white (29%) shank color; black (99%) eye color; bright red (59%) and pale (41%) comb colour; white (82%) and yellow (17%) skin colour; no definite (61%) and lacing (17%) feather pattern; medium (70%) and large (19%) body size; single comb (97%) and rudimentary spur (98%); medium egg size (80%); light brown (67%) and white (27%) egg shell colour. Regarding production traits, Deshi chickens have average hatch weight of 29 g; body weight at 4, 8, 12 weeks; weekly weight gain (0–12 weeks) of respectively of 77, 175, 315, 24 grams; age at first egg (175 days); weight of pullet (0.9 kg); mature body weight (1.3 kg); hatchability (52%); fertility (83%); annual egg production (45 -50 eggs); 9% mortality up to 500 days of age.The indigenous chicken population of Bangladesh has been undergoing genetic erosion since the 1960s, following the introduction of improved stock from developed countries. Efforts to sustain commercial hybrid broiler and layer chicken farming under intensive and semi-intensive production models have been tested, but efficiency of systematic characterization, screening, breed improvement and conservation programmes with the indigenous Deshi chickens at the smallholder village levels (in-situ) of Bangladesh are yet to be tested. Such an initiative may help to save these creatures from the grip of thethreat of extinction. This in turn may help to sustain village chicken production system in Bangladesh and could be a useful micro-economic strategy in the on-going poverty alleviation process in the country.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCES OF THE INDIGENOUS CHICKENS OF NIGERIA AND THE APOLLO 1. EGG WEIGHT, RATE OF PRODUCTION AND FACTORS AFFECTING THEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
A. Osu ◽  
D. Almut
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Indigenous Chickens ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Two Generations

Data on the Ife Breed of the indigenous chicken and the Apollo, an imported commercial egg strain were analysed for effect of breed, time and generation of hatch, body weight at various ages, and age at sexual maturity on egg weight and rate of egg production to eight months. There were highly significant generation and breed differences, with a mean of 116 eggs for the Ife Breed compared to 106 for the Apollo over two generations. Other factors that significantly affected egg production were body weight and age at sexual maturity, and mature egg weight. Mean pullet year egg weight showed breed and hatch differences and were significantly affected by body weight and age at sexual maturity. Mean egg weight for the Ife Breed was 32.3 compared to 48.7 for the Apollo.

scholarly journals Performance study of Non-descript, Hilly and Naked Neck indigenous chicken at fifth generation

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
S Faruque ◽  
AKFM Bhuiyan ◽  
MOA Rahman ◽  
MSK Sarker ◽  
NR Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Naked Neck ◽  
Indigenous Chickens ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Research Institute

The present study was conducted at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka to assess the performances of three Indigenous Chicken genotypes under intensive management. A total of 1128-day-old chicks comprising of 3 types of chicken namely Naked Neck (NN), Hilly (H) and Non-descript Deshi (ND) were hatched in one batch for this study. Significant (p<0.001) body weight differences among the genotypes were observed at 12th and 16th weeks of age, with the highest body weight observed for H genotype (1250.71±27.71, and 1502.54±36.81g) among the other two genotypes. NN genotype (2.85%) had significantly higher chick mortality than ND (0.68 %) and H (2.08 %) genotypes at 0-8 weeks of age. The age at first egg laid was significantly (p<0.001) affected by genotype. The age at which Indigenous Chickens start laying eggs ranged from 152.79 to 161.95 days. The Hen-day egg production (HDEP%) observed in the present study were affected significantly (p<0.001) by genotype. In this study, the average HDEP% of ND, H and NN were found to be 38.44±2.18, 30.43±2.10 and 41.95±2.11. Eight week body weight of males ND, H and NN birds were expected to increase by 64.7, 46.1 and 43.9g, respectively. While in females ND, H and NN birds, the expected responses were 21.5, 27.9 and 10.7g, respectively Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 153-158, 2018

scholarly journals Breeding for the improvement of indigenous chickens in Bangladesh: performance of second generation

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Shakila Faruque ◽  
AKFH Bhuiyan ◽  
Md Yousuf Ali ◽  
MSK Sarker ◽  
Ziaul Faruque Joy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Egg Production Rate

The improvement of productivity of indigenous chicken is a long desire in the country. Present research is a part of the long-term selection program being undertaken to evaluate the carcass characteristics and expected response to selection of second generation (G2) of indigenous chicken under intensive management in Bangladesh. A total of 1643-day-old chicks comprising of 3 types of chicken namely Naked Neck (NN), Hilly (H) and Non-descript Desi (ND) were hatched in a two batches for this study. In second generation (G2), selection was practiced at 3 (three) stages of birds life, firstly and secondly at 8 and at 16 weeks of age, selection was performed on the basis of breeding value for 8 and 16 week body weight. Thirdly, at 40-week of age, on the basis of an index comprising the parameters of age at sexual maturity (ASM), body weight (BW), egg production (EP) and egg weight (EW). Improvement target of egg weight was to increase by 1g and improvement target of egg production rate was to increase by 2 % per generation. The main target was the mean body weight in H, ND and NN chicken has to be gone up from the initial eight-week body weight of 375, 342 and 331g to 500 g at eight weeks of age. At 8, 10 and 12 weeks of age, six birds from each genotype were slaughtered to analyze the meat yield traits. Slaughter data were analyzed in a 3(genotype)×3(slaughter age) factorial arrangement in CRD by General Linear Model (GLM) Univariate Procedure in SPSS Computer Program. Genotype and slaughter age had significant effect (p<0.001) on dressing percentage. Body weight at 8 weeks of age was expected to improve by 51.21 vs. 24.03; 37.74 vs. 15.47 and 26.26 vs. 9.65g; respectively for ND, H and NN males and females. In terms of body weight H genotype was superior and NN genotype was for dressing percentage. As a result of selection; EP, BW increased and ASM reduced in second generation than that of the foundation stock.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2017, 3(1): 66-71

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Morphometric characterization of indigenous chickens at Jhenaigati upazila of Sherpur district in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Tabassum ◽  
MA Hoque ◽  
F Islam ◽  
CH Ritchil ◽  
MO Faruque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Indigenous Chickens ◽  
Affect Body Weight ◽  
Morphometric Characterization

The study was conducted at Rangtia, Shalchura and Dudhnoi villages under Jhenigati upazilla of Sherpur district in Bangladesh for phenotypic and morphometric characterization of indigenous chickens. Among three types of indigenous chickens, Non-descript Deshi were prominent (86%), compared to Cap Headed (10%) and Naked Neck (4%) and the overall mean body weight, back length, body circumference and pelvis width were 961.50 ± 17.79 gm, 152.70 ± 1.29 mm, 219.20 ± 1.89 mm and 25.57 ± .62 mm respectively. The prominent colors of plumage, shank, skin, earlobe and eggshell were multiple (24%), white (52%), white (89%), white & red (47%) and white (48%), respectively while 99% chicken’s had single comb. The highest correlation (0.70) was observed between body weight & body circumference followed by (0.36) between body weight & back length and (0.27) between body weight & pelvis width while eggshell color was significantly correlated with body weight (-0.48), body circumference (-0.41) and pelvis width (-0.26). However, comb type was significantly (p<0.05) affected body weight and pelvis width. But bird type had significant (p<0.05) effect on pelvis width only. Present study reveals that variations in some phenotypic characteristics have significant influence on the pelvis width and body weight while a little change in some morphometric traits may affect body weight of indigenous chickens in Bangladesh which may serve as important indicator trait(s) for future research on the conservation and development of indigenous chicken ecotypes in- situ. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i2.21927 SAARC J. Agri., 12(2): 154-169 (2014)

scholarly journals Breeding for the improvement of indigenous chickens of Bangladesh: performance of foundation stock

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Shakila Faruque ◽  
AKFH Bhuiyan ◽  
Md Yousuf Ali ◽  
Ziaul Faruque Joy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Stock Selection ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Foundation Stock

Selection is one of the vital tools for improving the indigenous chicken genetic resources. A total of 1585-day-old chicks comprising of 3 types of chicken namely Naked Neck (NN), Hilly (H) and Non-descript Deshi (ND) were hatched for this study to form foundation stock. Improvement target of egg weight was to increase by 1g and improvement target of egg production rate was to increase by 2 % per generation. In foundation stock, selection was practiced at 40-week of age, on the basis of an index comprising the parameters of age at first egg (ASM), body weight(BW), egg production(EP) and egg weight(EW). Data were analyzed in CRD by General Linear Model (GLM) Univariate Procedure. Significantly highest fertility (82.71%) and hatchability (82.20%) were found in ND genotype. Significantly (P<0.001) highest body weight of day-old chicks and daily weight gain was found in H genotype than other two genotypes. There was a non-significant (P>0.05) variation in FCR among the native chicken genotypes. NN genotype (3.46%) had non-significantly (?2 = 3.62; P > 0.05) higher chick mortality than ND (1.63%) and H (2.11%) at brooding period (0-4 weeks). Significantly (P<0.01) higher dressing percentage was found in NN (64.58) genotype than ND (60.26) and H (61.70) genotypes. Non-significantly higher egg production in selected group was found in H (70) genotype than ND (68) and NN (67) genotypes. Significantly (P<0.001) highest shape index and Haugh unit were found in H and ND genotypes, respectively. As a result of selection, egg production is expected to improve by 0.562, 0.932 and 0.755%, respectively for ND, H and NN genotypes. In terms of reproductive traits ND was superior, in terms of productive traits H genotype was superior and in terms of dressing percentage and breaking strength NN genotype was superior. These findings of the study also give an impetus for continuing the research for more generations to fulfill the objectives of the long-term programme.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2017, 3(1): 80-87

scholarly journals Determination of relative economic weights of growth and egg production traits in Nigerian indigenous chicken

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
C. C. Ogbu ◽  
E. E. Nwachukwu ◽  
C. C. Nwosu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Economic Weights ◽  
Chicken Carcass ◽  
Economic Weight ◽  
Gain Loss

The relative economic weight (REW) of a trait is the additional gain/loss from a unit change in the trait relative to other traits in an individual. They are used to calculate aggregate economic values for purposes of genetic improvement in animals. The present study was designed to evaluate the bio-economic variables of growth and 16 weeks egg production parameters: egg number (EN16) egg weight (EWT16) body weight at first egg (BWTFE), body weight at 16 week of lay (BWTE16), cost of feed, and revenue from eggs and chicken carcass, 16 feed conversion ratio (FCR ), and body weight gain (BWG16) in the Nigerian indigenous chicken, and to determine the economic weights (EW) and REW of EN16, EWT16 and BWTE16 for G0, G1, and G2 generations. A total of 250 pullets (20 week old, point of lay) from a population of heavy body weight local chickens were used for the study. The birds were housed individually in cages, fed optimally on layers mash (G and G : 100g/bird/day; G : 0 1 2 125g/bird/day) and given water ad libitum. Data included EN , EWT , BWTE , BWTFE, 16 16 16 and prices of feed, eggs and spent hens, FCR , and BWG . Data on EN , EWT , BWTE , 16 16 16 16 16 and BWTFE were compared across generations using ANOVAand with other variables were used to generate the EW of the traits. The EW were then standardized relative to that of BWTE . Results showed that EW and REW of EN , EWT , and BWTE were 7.47 and 3.15, 16 16 16 16 13.67 and 5.77 and -2.37 and -1.00, respectively in G ; 13.07 and 3.82, 23.69 and 6.93, and - 0 3.42 and -1.00, respectively in G ; 16.80 and 2.89, 30.75 and 5.28 and -5.82 and -1.00, 1 respectively in G generation. Thus EN and EWT enhanced while BWTE depressed the 2 16 16 16 worth of the hen as a layer. EWT was more important than EN and both were more 16 16 important than BWTE economically. Therefore, EWT and EN are the major bio-economic 16 variables of the local hen as an egg chicken.

scholarly journals Breeding for the improvement of indigenous chickens of Bangladesh: evaluation of performance of first generation of indigenous chicken

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Shakila Faruque ◽  
AKFH Bhuiyan ◽  
Md Yousuf Ali ◽  
Ziaul Faruque Joy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Evaluation Of Performance ◽  
Foundation Stock

Pure breeding is necessary for the conservation and improvement of indigenous chicken genetic resources. Present research is a part of the long-term selection program being undertaken to evaluate the performance and expected response to selection of first generation (G1) of three indigenous chicken genotypes under intensive management in Bangladesh. A total of 1439-day-old chicks comprising of 3 genotypes namely Naked Neck (NN), Hilly (H) and Non-descript Desi (ND) were hatched for this study. In first generation (G1), selection was practiced on body weight at 8 and 16 weeks of age, on the basis of their breeding value. At 40-week of age, selection will be practiced on the basis of an index comprising the parameters of age at first egg (ASM), body weight (BW), egg production (EP) and egg weight (EW). At 8, 10 and 12 weeks of age, six birds from each genotype were slaughtered to analyze the meat yield traits. Data were analyzed in CRD by General Linear Model Univariate Procedure. Significantly (P<0.001) highest body weight of day-old chicks (28.65±0.12 g) and daily weight gain in all stages were found in H genotype than other two genotypes. Although there was significant (P<0.001) difference in live weight between ages at slaughter, dressing percent (65.87 - 66.89 %) of different ages was similar (P>0.05) but was affected (P<0.001) by genotype. Body weight at 8 weeks of age was expected to improve by 58.98 vs. 11.50; 81.56 vs. 40.91 and 53.81 vs. 15.82 g; respectively for ND, H and NN males and females. In terms of body weight and growth traits H genotype was superior and NN genotype was for dressing percentage. As a result of selection; chick weight, body weight at all stages increased and ASM reduced in first generation than foundation stock. These findings give an impetus for continuing the pure breeding research for more generations.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2017, 3(1): 72-79

scholarly journals Genetic response to short-term index selection in females and mass selection in males of the Nigerian heavy local chicken ecotype

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
C. C. Ogbu ◽  
C. C. Nwosu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Index Selection ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Multiple Trait ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Expected Gain ◽  
Selection For

The study aimed to determine genetic gain in growth and egg production in the Nigerian indigenous chicken (NIC) subjected to multiple trait index selection for females and mass selection for males. The experimental birds (G generation) were generated from a reference 0 population of NIC and reared according to sire families from hatch. At point of lay, females were housed individually in laying cages for egg production. Hens were selected based on index scores calculated using an index of weighted breeding values constructed from own performance in body weight at first egg (BWFE), egg weight (EW) and egg production (EN), trait heritabilities and relative economic weights while cocks were selected based on own performance in body weight at 39 weeks of age (BW ). Selected parents were mated to 39 generate the G generation which in turn yielded the parents of the G generation. A control 1 2 population was used to measure environmental effects. Data were analyzed using the Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) computer programme. For hens, expected average direct genetic gain per generation was 12.58, 2.98g and 25.04g for EN, EW and BWFE, respectively while realized genetic gain was 2.19 and 1.59 for EN, 1.65 and 0.26g for EW, and -25.60 and 123.64g for BWFE for G and G generations, respectively. The corresponding 0 1 values for ratio of realized to expected genetic gains were 2.27 and 1.22, 3.15 and 0.24, and 0.95 and 2.21, respectively. Heritability (h2) ranged from 0.12 to 0.24 for EN, 0.34 to 0.43 for EW and 0.57 to 0.69 for BWFE, across the three generations. Similar improvements in BW 39 were observed in males with an average expected gain of 508.50g per generation. In conclusion, growth and egg production in the NIC can be improved using mass selection for cocks and index of weighted breeding values for hens.

scholarly journals The Current Status of Indigenous Ovine Genetic Resources in Southern Africa and Future Sustainable Utilisation to Improve Livelihoods

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelin Henriehetta Molotsi ◽  
Bekezela Dube ◽  
Schalk Willem Petrus Cloete
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Indigenous Sheep ◽  
Southern Africa Development Community ◽  
Namaqua Afrikaner

Indigenous sheep play an important role in the livelihoods of communal farmers in the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC), and this underlines the need to curb the genetic erosion of these valuable resources. This contribution reports that the phenotypic performance and genetics gains of institutional and commercial sheep in Southern Africa are well recorded. In contrast, there is a dearth of knowledge as far as the performance and genetic gains of indigenous ovine genetic resources utilized by smallholder farmers are concerned. High levels of genetic diversity have been observed in exotic breeds, whereas low levels of genetic diversity were found in the Zulu and Namaqua Afrikaner breeds. Phenotypic measurements for indigenous resources include linear measurements indicative of size and reproduction for Zulu sheep. Lamb survival, reproduction and resistance to ticks of the indigenous, fat-tailed Namaqua Afrikaner sheep, as well as growth and reproduction have also been recorded for Sabi and Landim sheep. This review discusses ways to sustainably utilize ovine genetic resources, which includes the suggested implementation of structured breeding and conservation programs, marketing, improving feed resources, health and diseases, as well as gender and age issues. Clearly, there is ample room for further research and development as far as the performance and improvement of African indigenous sheep are concerned.

Association between microsatellite regions and reproduction related traits in indigenous chicken ecotypes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Rudresh ◽  
H. N.N. Murthy ◽  
A. M. Kotresh ◽  
V. B. Shettar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
The Body ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance

The present study was carried out in six indigenous ecotypes of two divisions of Karnataka to assess association of twenty microsatellite regions of thirteen chicken autosomes with age, body weight and egg weight at sexual maturity and Forty week egg production. The general molecular technique protocols were adopted wherever required in PCR, electrophoresis, gel staining and reading. The analysis revealed significant difference (p<0.05) among genotypes combined across ecotypes for nineteen microsatellite loci for body weight at sexual maturity. The analysis revealed significant difference (P<0.05) among genotypes combined across ecotypes for eighteen microsatellite loci for EWSM. The posthoc dunnet's test conducted in one of the microsatellite region ADL0020 genotypes after excluding genotypes with only one bird at 0.05 level of significance revealed that a particular genotype A was significantly different from two of the genotypes C and D, indicating the important role of the corresponding alleles of these genotypes in influencing the Body weight at sexual maturity. The validity of using thus identified markers or alleles need further authentication by research in other populations and further proof by expression studies.

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