scholarly journals How Argentina is training their mental health residents to face its Silver Tsunami?

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1573-1574
Author(s):  
Sergio A. Strejilevich ◽  
Florencia Vallejos ◽  
Julian Bustin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
High Income ◽  
World Population ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Essential Step

In low- and middle-income countries, there is an increase in the percentage of aging population similar to or greater than that of high-income countries (World Population Ageing 1950–2050, UN, 2001). The emerging health and economical challenges due to these demographic changes will have to be addressed by their health systems. In this context, an adequate training of available human resources in geriatric psychiatry/psychogeriatrics (GP/PG) should be an essential step to meet those challenges.

High-skilled migration and mental health

2021 ◽  
pp. 259-262
Author(s):  
Antonio Ventriglio ◽  
Susham Gupta ◽  
Cameron Watson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
High Income ◽  
Skilled Migration ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Migrant Labour ◽  
Permanent Migration ◽  
University Degree

High-skilled migrants are more likely to migrate for professional or educational reasons. There is a difference between the high-skilled migrants and labour in that the former may well be responding to pull factors, whereas the latter may be responding to push factors related to migration. These migrants are also more likely to belong to permanent migration category. High-skilled migrants are those with a university degree or extensive/equivalent experience in a chosen field. They are largely likely to migrate from low- to middle-income countries to high-income countries. The immigration rates show that these migrants are likely to be self-selected; have skills that are in demand and globally transferable. In the post-migration phase they may experience mental ill health, especially if they do not feel valued; feel overqualified for the jobs they are doing; and if they experience a discrepancy between aspirations and achievement. Their clinical needs may well differ from those of migrant labour.

scholarly journals Strengthening mental health systems in low- and middle-income countries: the Emerald programme

BMC Medicine ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Semrau ◽  
Sara Evans-Lacko ◽  
Atalay Alem ◽  
Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos ◽  
Dan Chisholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Mental Health Systems ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Mental health system governance in Nigeria: challenges, opportunities and strategies for improvement

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Abdulmalik ◽  
L. Kola ◽  
O. Gureje
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Mental Health System ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health System Governance ◽  
Low And Middle Income

IntroductionA health systems approach to understanding efforts for improving health care services is gaining traction globally. A component of this approach focuses on health system governance (HSG), which can make or mar the successful implementation of health care interventions. Very few studies have explored HSG in low- and middle-income countries, including Nigeria. Studies focusing on mental health system governance, are even more of a rarity. This study evaluates the mental HSG of Nigeria with a view to understanding the challenges, opportunities and strategies for strengthening it.MethodologyThis study was conducted as part of the project, Emerging Mental Health Systems in Low and Middle Income Countries (Emerald). A multi-method study design was utilized to evaluate the mental HSG status of Nigeria. A situational analysis of the health policy and legal environment in the country was performed. Subsequently, 30 key informant interviews were conducted at national, state and district levels to explore the country's mental HSG.ResultsThe existing policy, legislative and institutional framework for HSG in Nigeria reveals a complete exclusion of mental health in key health sector documents. The revised mental health policy is however promising. Using the Siddiqi framework categories, we identified pragmatic strategies for mental health system strengthening that include a consideration of existing challenges and opportunities within the system.ConclusionThe identified strategies provide a template for the subsequent activities of the Emerald Programme (and other interventions), towards strengthening the mental health system of Nigeria.

scholarly journals Perceived helpfulness of treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a World Mental Health Surveys report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan J. Stein ◽  
Alan E. Kazdin ◽  
Ayelet Meron Ruscio ◽  
Wai Tat Chiu ◽  
Nancy A. Sampson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
High Income ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Receive Treatment

Abstract Background Treatment guidelines for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are based on a relatively small number of randomized controlled trials and do not consider patient-centered perceptions of treatment helpfulness. We investigated the prevalence and predictors of patient-reported treatment helpfulness for DSM-5 GAD and its two main treatment pathways: encounter-level treatment helpfulness and persistence in help-seeking after prior unhelpful treatment. Methods Data came from community epidemiologic surveys in 23 countries in the WHO World Mental Health surveys. DSM-5 GAD was assessed with the fully structured WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0. Respondents with a history of GAD were asked whether they ever received treatment and, if so, whether they ever considered this treatment helpful. Number of professionals seen before obtaining helpful treatment was also assessed. Parallel survival models estimated probability and predictors of a given treatment being perceived as helpful and of persisting in help-seeking after prior unhelpful treatment. Results The overall prevalence rate of GAD was 4.5%, with lower prevalence in low/middle-income countries (2.8%) than high-income countries (5.3%); 34.6% of respondents with lifetime GAD reported ever obtaining treatment for their GAD, with lower proportions in low/middle-income countries (19.2%) than high-income countries (38.4%); 3) 70% of those who received treatment perceived the treatment to be helpful, with prevalence comparable in low/middle-income countries and high-income countries. Survival analysis suggested that virtually all patients would have obtained helpful treatment if they had persisted in help-seeking with up to 10 professionals. However, we estimated that only 29.7% of patients would have persisted that long. Obtaining helpful treatment at the person-level was associated with treatment type, comorbid panic/agoraphobia, and childhood adversities, but most of these predictors were important because they predicted persistence rather than encounter-level treatment helpfulness. Conclusions The majority of individuals with GAD do not receive treatment. Most of those who receive treatment regard it as helpful, but receiving helpful treatment typically requires persistence in help-seeking. Future research should focus on ensuring that helpfulness is included as part of the evaluation. Clinicians need to emphasize the importance of persistence to patients beginning treatment.

scholarly journals Strengthening mental health systems in low- and middle-income countries: recommendations from the Emerald programme

BJPsych Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Semrau ◽  
Atalay Alem ◽  
Jose L. Ayuso-Mateos ◽  
Dan Chisholm ◽  
Oye Gureje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Health System Strengthening ◽  
Mental Health Systems ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

BackgroundThere is a large treatment gap for mental, neurological or substance use (MNS) disorders. The ‘Emerging mental health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)’ (Emerald) research programme attempted to identify strategies to work towards reducing this gap through the strengthening of mental health systems.AimsTo provide a set of proposed recommendations for mental health system strengthening in LMICs.MethodThe Emerald programme was implemented in six LMICs in Africa and Asia (Ethiopia, India, Nepal, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda) over a 5-year period (2012–2017), and aimed to improve mental health outcomes in the six countries by building capacity and generating evidence to enhance health system strengthening.ResultsThe proposed recommendations align closely with the World Health Organization's key health system strengthening ‘building blocks’ of governance, financing, human resource development, service provision and information systems; knowledge transfer is included as an additional cross-cutting component. Specific recommendations are made in the paper for each of these building blocks based on the body of data that were collected and analysed during Emerald.ConclusionsThese recommendations are relevant not only to the six countries in which their evidential basis was generated, but to other LMICs as well; they may also be generalisable to other non-communicable diseases beyond MNS disorders.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Collaborative Care for Mental Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A WHO Health Systems Framework Assessment of Three Programs

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 870-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibhav Acharya ◽  
Maria Ekstrand ◽  
Pragya Rimal ◽  
Mohammed K. Ali ◽  
Sikhar Swar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Collaborative Care ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Systems Framework ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Trends in the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms among undergraduate students at a South African University, 2016–2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 008124632097775
Author(s):  
Kim-Louise Rousseau ◽  
Sabrina Thompson ◽  
Lea-Ann Pileggi ◽  
Michelle Henry ◽  
Kevin GF Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
University Students ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
South African ◽  
High Income ◽  
First Year ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

University students are particularly vulnerable to mood disorders. This vulnerability may be increasing, with recent investigations reporting sharp rises in the prevalence of depression and other psychiatric disorders. Moreover, previous studies indicate that first-year undergraduates tend to show more depression and suicidal ideation than students in subsequent years. However, most studies in the extant literature emerge from high-income countries in the global north; relatively few focus on university students in low- and middle-income countries such as South Africa. Because students in low- and middle-income countries are more likely to be exposed to crime and trauma, and less likely to have easily accessible mental health services, they might be at even higher risk for developing mood disorders than their counterparts in high-income countries. Furthermore, most previous studies of mental health in university students analyse cross-sectional data and therefore cannot comment on longitudinal patterns in the data. To fill these knowledge gaps, the current study aimed to describe recent trends in depression and suicidal ideation among South African university students. We analysed both archival ( n = 2593) and original ( n = 499) Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition reports, sampled between 2016 and 2019. As expected, depression and suicidal ideation scores increased significantly over time, and first-year students reported significantly more depression and suicidal ideation than students in subsequent years of study. These findings suggest that preventive interventions during sensitive periods of undergraduate study are imperative and provide a foundation for treatment strategies tailored to the needs of the most vulnerable South African students.

scholarly journals Disability and treatment of specific mental and physical disorders across the world

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (5) ◽  
pp. 368-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Ormel ◽  
Maria Petukhova ◽  
Somnath Chatterji ◽  
Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola ◽  
Jordi Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
High Income ◽  
World Health ◽  
Role Functioning ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
Low And Middle Income

BackgroundAdvocates of expanded mental health treatment assert that mental disorders are as disabling as physical disorders, but little evidence supports this assertion.AimsTo establish the disability and treatment of specific mental and physical disorders in high-income and low- and middle-income countries.MethodCommunity epidemiological surveys were administered in 15 countries through the World Health Organization World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative.ResultsRespondents in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries attributed higher disability to mental disorders than to the commonly occurring physical disorders included in the surveys. This pattern held for all disorders and also for treated disorders. Disaggregation showed that the higher disability of mental than physical disorders was limited to disability in social and personal role functioning, whereas disability in productive role functioning was generally comparable for mental and physical disorders.ConclusionsDespite often higher disability, mental disorders are under-treated compared with physical disorders in both high-income and in low- and middle-income countries.

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