La Genetica del Diabete

1971 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-236
Author(s):  
L. Gedda ◽  
D. Casa ◽  
G. Brenci
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Genetics Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biological Informatics

SummaryThe introduction of informatics in the study of hereditary diseases, i.e., the birth of informatic medical genetics, marks a turning point in the history of medicine.The biological informatics is the product of molecular genetics on one hand, and cybernetics on the other. The former has brought the study of the hereditary phenomena to the level of nucleic acids; while the latter, originally devised to the service of automation, reflects a number of fundamental biological phenomena, also at the molecular level.The informatics of hereditary diseases is referred to a damage of the operative units acting to secure the development and homeostasis of the organism. The mechanistic conception of the damage is complemented by the energetic and chronologic concept.On such foundations a modern conception of the genetics of diabetes is thus formulated. The clinical inadequacy of the static genealogical model is stressed, and the introduction of a dynamic model is suggested, taking into account the gradual chronological extinction of the normoglycemic genotype.

Legal Diversity in the Age of Taqlid: the Four Chief Qadis Under the Mamluks

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yossef Rapoport
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
School Affiliation

Sultan Baybars' decision to appoint four Chief Qādīs , one from each of the Sunni schools of law, has long been recognized as a turning point in the history of the madhhabs. To date, historians have explained this decision only in political or ideological terms, paying little attention to its implications for the judicial system. Here I argue that the purpose of the new quadruple structure of the judiciary was two-fold: to create a uniform but at the same time flexible legal system. The need for predictable and stable legal rules was addressed by limiting qādīs' discretion and promoting taqlīd , i.e., adherence to established school doctrine. The establishment of Chief Qādīs from the four schools of law, on the other hand, allowed for flexibility and prevented the legal system from becoming too rigid. The quadruple judiciary enabled litigants, regardless of personal school affiliation, to choose from the doctrines of the four schools.

The Development of Accion Democratica de Venezuela

1959 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Kantor
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Past History ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Other ◽  
Latin Americans ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

The election of Rómulo Betancourt as constitutional President of Venezuela for the 1959-1964 term marks a turning point in that country's political evolution and a high point in the tide of reform now sweeping Latin American toward stable constitutional government. The new president of Venezuela and the party he leads, Acción Democrática, represent the same type of reformist movement as those now flourishing in many other countries of Latin America. As a result, dictatorship in the spring of 1959 is confined to the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, and Paraguay. The situation in Haiti is unclear, but in the other sixteen republics the governments are controlled by parties and leaders which are to a greater or lesser degree trying to get away from the past and seem to have the support of their populations in their efforts. This marks a great change from most of the past history of the Latin American Republics in which the population was ruled by dictatorial cliques dedicated to the preservation of a status quo which meant the perpetuation of poverty and backwardness for most of the Latin Americans.

‘In the tents of the King as well as the Muses’

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-90
Author(s):  
Alastair Compston
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Muscular Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Figure

Chapter 1, ‘In the tents of the King as well as the Muses: The life and reputation of Thomas Willis’, starts with the reaction to Willis’s death, aged 54, in 1675. From there, an account is given of Willis’s childhood and education in Oxford and his activities supporting the Royalist cause during the Civil War. After training in medicine, Willis’s casebook, involvement with the Oxford Experimental Philosophical Club and the episode of Anne Greene, spared from dissection through resuscitation after judicial hanging, and his lectures as Sedleian professor of Natural Philosophy in Oxford, are described. After moving to London in 1667, Willis was in demand as a physician and involved with the other Fellows of the Royal Society in reshaping ideas on respiration, fermentation, and muscular movement. The chapter ends with an analysis of the consolidation of Willis’s reputation as a major figure in the history of medicine.{146 words}

The Genoese in Seville and the Opening of the New World

1962 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Pike
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Old World ◽  
Economic Sphere ◽  
History Of ◽  
Subsequent Opening

The turning point in the history of the Genoese merchants in Spain was the discovery of America and the subsequent opening of trading relations with the new continent. From then on, their ascent to economic predominance in Spain paralleled that nation's emergence as the dominant power of the sixteenth-century world. Fortune gave Spain two empires simultaneously, one in the Old World, the other in the New. Spain's unpreparedness for imperial responsibilities, particularly in the economic sphere, was the springboard for Genoese advancement. Strengthening and enlarging their colony in Seville —after 1503 the “door and port of the Indies” —the Genoese prepared to move across the Atlantic in the wake of Columbus.

scholarly journals History of homeopathy and social history of medicine: the story of a successful marriage

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (28) ◽  
pp. 128-140
Author(s):  
Silvia Waisse Priven
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Social History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social History Of Medicine

The Institute for the History of Medicine (IGM) was established in 1980 by the Robert Bosch Foundation, in Stuttgart, Germany, on the basis of a collection of documents and other small objects belonging to Samuel Hahnemann, the founder of homeopathy. However, since its very inception, its directors considered that the history of homeopathy also had a role to play in the larger picture of the history of medicine. On the other hand, the history of homeopathy was not restricted to the account of the development of ideas and careers of practitioners, but it would benefit significantly by approaching it from the perspective of social history, including the study of institutions, patients’ views, lay supporting societies and publications. This paper presents a review of this project as assessed by an analysis of recent publications that, taken as a whole, reflect the historiographical contribution of researchers at IGM.

scholarly journals Was Constantine the Great Aware of the Constantinian Shift?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
Sławomir Bralewski
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Kingdom Of God ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Revolution

In this article, I try to answer the following question: was Constantine himself aware of the revolution that he was carrying out? Did he realise that his actions were going to change the course of the history of the Empire? An analysis of sources seems to indicate that emperor Constantine the Great saw in his reign a fundamental change not only in the history of the Imperium Romanum, but also of the entire world. He believed that this change had an eschatological dimension. Constantine’s reign, at least in its propagandist framing, was to be the turning point in the fight against evil. It appears that the ruler was fully aware that by putting an end to the persecutions of Christians he was restoring universal peace. Thus, the shift with which he is associated amounted, on the one hand, to restoring the pax Christiana and the beginning of the Kingdom of God on earth, and on the other to eliminating evil from the world. Therefore, Constantine, in believing that he had become God’s tool for fighting evil, must have also been convinced that he played an incredibly important role in God’s plan of salvation; especially since the Kingdom of God, apparently realised on earth through Constantine’s military victories, was to only finally prevail when evil and death had been defeated forever.

Zu den Arten von Kollisionsnormen in der Lehre von der Statutenkollision

2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 276-282
Author(s):  
Kristin Boosfeld
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conflict Of Laws ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Universal Nature

Abstract Types of conflict rules in the theory of statuta. It is commonly accepted in the history of Conflict of Laws that there has been a “Copernican turning point” when Savigny introduced multilateral conflict rules and thereby abandoned the system of unilateral conflict rules of the Theory of statuta. The article challenges this narrative and argues on the one hand that the statutists already used multilateral conflict rules and on the other that their unilateral rules often reached similar results to modern multilateral conflict rules because of their universal nature.

Rebuilding the Temple: Constantine Monomachus and the Holy Sepulchre

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Ousterhout
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Church

The reconstruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem c. 1042-1048 by the Byzantine Emperor Constantine IX Monomachus marks an important turning point in the history of the building. An analysis of the surviving remains of this phase of construction suggests that the plan was determined by an architect from the Byzantine capital, and the construction was carried out by two teams of masons. One workshop was apparently from Constantinople, and the other was trained locally in or around Jerusalem. An analysis of wall and vault construction bears out this conclusion.

Contemporary History of Medicine and Health

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Berridge
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Oral History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Health History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War

This article argues that the contemporary history of health and medicine presents some particular challenges, however, for the nature of historians' involvement in the object of their study and for their relationships with other disciplines and with the field of policy. It gives an overview of histories that encompass the nineteenth and twentieth century. Those that focus exclusively on the post-war years mostly deal with welfare, and the other one focuses on health. Oral history has continued to be a key resource for contemporary history. The methodology of elite oral history in contemporary health history is also analysed. It has implications for relationships between the researcher and those being researched. This article also discusses the role of ethical review for the contemporary history of health.

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