Water pollution abatement cost function: methodological issues and an application to small-scale factories in an industrial estate in India

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
BISHWANATH GOLDAR ◽  
SMITA MISRA ◽  
BADAL MUKHERJI
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Cost Function ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Abatement Cost ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Industrial Estate ◽  
Pollution Abatement Cost ◽  
The Cost

Formulation and estimation of a correctly specified abatement cost function would be central to policy formulation regarding imposing taxes or user-fees as well as of sharing social cost in the presence of environmental pollution. Often in research, the output of an abatement activity for water pollution appears to us not to have been clearly specified. This activity is very distinct from whatever is the actual product of the plant. We propose in this paper that the output is only and exclusively the reduction in the level of the pollutant in the outflow from the plant and illustrate this with primary data for small-scale factories in Nandesari Industrial Estate in Gujarat, India. The cost function estimates provide evidence of significant scale economies and high marginal abatement cost in wastewater treatment by small-scale factories.

A Cooperative Approach to Reduce Water Pollution Abatement Cost in an Interjurisdictional Lake Basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laijun Zhao ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
H. Oliver Gao ◽  
Jian Xue ◽  
Changmin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Abatement Cost ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Cooperative Approach ◽  
Pollution Abatement Cost

Water Pollution Abatement in Small Paper Mills in India

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Panneerselvam
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Recovery System

In order to reduce the demand for the forest based raw materials by the organised industrial sectors like the large integrated pulp and paper mills, the Government of India started promoting several small-scale pulp and paper mills based on non-wood agricultural residue raw materials. However promotion of these small mills has created another environmental problem i.e. severe water pollution due to non-recovery of chemicals. Because of the typical characteristics like high silica content etc. of the black liquor produced and the subsequent high capital investment needed for a recovery system, it is not economically feasible for the small Indian mills to recover the chemicals. While the quantity of wastewater generated per tonne of paper produced by a small mill is same as from a large integrated pulp and paper mill with a chemical recovery system, their BOD load is four times higher, due to non recovery of chemicals. However the existing wastewater disposal standards are uniform for large and small mills for e.g. 30 mg BOD/l. To meet these standards, the small mills have to install a capital intensive wastewater treatment plant with heavy recurring operating costs. Therefore the feasible alternative is to implement various pollution abatement measures, with the objective of not only reducing the fibre/chemical loss but also to reduce the investment and operating costs of the final wastewater treatment system. To illustrate this approach, a case study on water pollution abatement and control in a 10 TPD mill, will be discussed.

Measuring the cost of environmentally sustainable industrial development in India: a distance function approach

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.N. Murty ◽  
Surender Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Distance Function ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Shadow Prices ◽  
Indian Industry ◽  
Marginal Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Indian Industries

This paper attempts to estimate the maintenance cost of water pollution abatement measures to the Indian industry using the methodology of distance function in the theory of production. The distance function is estimated using both programming and stochastic frontier models for a sample of water polluting industries in India. The firm-specific shadow prices for pollutants, measures of efficiency, and scale economies are estimated. Estimates show that on average the cost to the Indian industry for reducing one ton of BOD and COD are respectively, Rs 0.246 and 0.077 million. Large differences in the estimates of firm-specific shadow prices of pollutants reflect the use of inefficient water pollution abatement technologies. The relationships between firm-specific shadow prices or marginal costs of abatement of BOD and COD and the index of compliance (ratio of effluent load to sale value) and the pollution load reductions obtained confirm the earlier empirical results of studies on water pollution abatement in Indian industries. The earlier studies have found increasing marginal costs with respect to reductions in pollution concentrations and decreasing marginal cost with respect to the pollution loads reduced by the firms.

scholarly journals Modelling environmental technical efficiency and phosphorus pollution abatement cost in dairy farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 714 ◽  
pp. 136690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewale Henry Adenuga ◽  
John Davis ◽  
George Hutchinson ◽  
Myles Patton ◽  
Trevor Donnellan
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Abatement Cost ◽  
Phosphorus Pollution ◽  
Pollution Abatement Cost

A bottom-up method to develop pollution abatement cost curves for coal-fired utility boilers

Energy Policy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 2255-2261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samudra Vijay ◽  
Joseph F. DeCarolis ◽  
Ravi K. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Abatement Cost ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Cost Curves ◽  
Utility Boilers ◽  
Pollution Abatement Cost

Constraints to the Growth of Small Scale Fabrication Industry in Nigeria – A Case Study of Benin Metropolis

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
D.I. Igbinomwanhia ◽  
E.G. Abuya
Keyword(s):  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Educational Training ◽  
Scale Design ◽  
Small Scale Industries

The small-scale fabrication industry is of great importance to developing an economy. In the last two decades governments and private agencies in Nigeria have demonstrated great concerns in developing the Small Scale Industries through policy formulation and support for agencies created with a view to developing the industry. But such concerns have not yielded any good results. There are therefore some salient problems bedeviling this sector. The work presented in this paper is a study of the constraints to the growth of the small scale fabrication industry in Nigeria using Benin metropolis as a case study. Structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data and interviews were also conducted. The data collected were then analyzed and the constraints to the growth of the industry were identified. The results obtained from the study showed that non awareness of government policies; inadequate technology, inadequate educational training and lack of finance are the major constraints to the development of the small scale design and fabrication industry in Nigeria. Recommendations are made for overcoming these constraints.

scholarly journals Cost efficiency estimates of maize production in Nepal: a case study of the Chitwan district

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Paudel ◽  
A. Matsuoka
Keyword(s):  
Cost Function ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mean Cost

This study was carried out to analyze the cost efficiency of maize production in the Chitwan district, Nepal with a view to predict economic efficiencies using stochastic frontier cost function. The primary data were collected from 180 maize farmers representing 12 village development committees (VDCs) including one municipality of the district during May–June 2005 for the cropping year 2004–2005. Among various factors, use of manure accounted the highest share in the production cost followed by labour and tractor costs. The maximum-likelihood (ML) estimates of the parameters revealed that estimated coefficients of cost of tractor, animal power, labour, fertilizer, manure, seed and maize output gave positive coefficients and were significant at 5% level. Further, quantitative estimates obtained from the cost function shows the mean cost efficiency of 1.634 indicating that an average maize farms from the study incurred about 63% costs above the frontier cost-an indication of inefficiency. Also, the significant years of schooling of the household head and maize area in the inefficiency model indicated the positive effect of these factors on cost efficiency of the farms. From the analysis of scale effect among maize farms, it was revealed that the maize farms experienced an increasing return to scale, that is, the output increased more proportionately than the total production cost.

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