Freedom as a Skill

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 197-215
Author(s):  
K. R. Minogue
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Positive Liberty ◽  
The Will

The word ‘freedom’ leads a double life. As a rallying cry in the mouths of politicians and publicists, it features in speech acts which inspire men to brave endeavours. Freedom or death are the proffered alternatives, and they are generally linked with fatiguing dispositions such as vigilance. As a philosophical concept, on the other hand, freedom is a territory in which battles are fought about such issues as positivity and negativity, virtue, determinism and the character of the will. There is remarkably little connection between these two lives. Philosophers do not seem to take much interest in courage, and politicians do not tarry to specify whether it is negative or positive liberty they are talking about.

Freedom as a Skill

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 197-215
Author(s):  
K. R. Minogue
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Positive Liberty ◽  
The Will

The word ‘freedom’ leads a double life. As a rallying cry in the mouths of politicians and publicists, it features in speech acts which inspire men to brave endeavours. Freedom or death are the proffered alternatives, and they are generally linked with fatiguing dispositions such as vigilance. As a philosophical concept, on the other hand, freedom is a territory in which battles are fought about such issues as positivity and negativity, virtue, determinism and the character of the will. There is remarkably little connection between these two lives. Philosophers do not seem to take much interest in courage, and politicians do not tarry to specify whether it is negative or positive liberty they are talking about.

Problems of Western Europe

1949 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-169
Author(s):  
Bernard Wall
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common People ◽  
Western Nation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Will ◽  
East And West

The following pages are based on the last six months of 1948 which the writer spent in England, France and Italy. During this period Marshall aid had begun to bear certain fruit. On the other hand the international situation, already bad at the opening of the period, had deteriorated cumulatively as time passed. The Berlin deadlock, a symbol of the will of East and West, continued as before; and not even the beginning of a solution was reached at the United Nations assembly in Paris in die autumn. All over Europe people were preoccupied widi the economic crisis; but also by the direat of a new war. A military committee composed of Great Britain, France and Benelux was formed in the autumn under the chairmanship of Marshal Montgomery. There remained problems about this committee's effectiveness as well as about the extent to which other proposals for Western union were practicable at present. While in each country in Western Europe common people and politicians are talking more about union than ever before, in practice separatist tendencies in each shrunken western nation are still at work and travel to, or independent contact with, neighboring countries is a far more difficult business today than it was in 1939.

PRAGMATIC, LINGUAL CULTURAL SENSES AND ETHNIC SYMBOLS IN ARTISTIC TRANSLATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (32) ◽  
pp. 130-148
Author(s):  
Oleh Tyshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Expressive Speech ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
English Translations ◽  
The One ◽  
The Master And Margarita

The article considers performative speech acts (expressives, commissives, wishes, curses, threats, warnings, etc.) and generally exclamatory phraseology in the original and translation in terms of the function of the addressee, the specifics of the communicative situation, the symbolism and pragmatics of the cultural text. Through cultural and semiotic reconstruction of these units, their semantic and grammatical structure and features of motivation in several linguistic cultures were clarified. Collectively, these verbal acts, on the one hand, mark the semiotic structure of the narrative structure of the text, and on the other hand, indicate the idiostyle of a particular author or characterize the speech of the characters and the associated range of emotions (curses, invectives, cries of indignation, dissatisfaction, etc.). Several translated versions of M. Bulgakov’s novel «The Master and Margarita» (in Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak and English) and English translations of M. Kotsyubynsky’s novel «Fata Morgana» and Dovzhenko’s short story «Enchanted Desna» constitute the material for the study. The obtained results are essential for elucidating the specifics of the national conceptual sphere of a certain culture and revealing the types of inter lingual equivalents, idiomatic analogues in the transmission of common ethno-cultural content. This approach can be useful for a new understanding of domestication and adaptation in translation, translation of culturally marked units, onyms, mythological concepts, etc. as a specific translation practices. There was further developed the theory of phatic and performative-expressive speech acts in lingual cultural comprehension.

Semantic and pragmatic effectsof negative markers

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-103
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alqassas
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clausal Structure ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Negative Statements ◽  
The One ◽  
Structural Positions

This chapter focuses on the semantic and pragmatic effects associated with the various positions of negation. Particularly, presuppositional readings for negative statements follow from different structural positions of negation (higher in the TP) as opposed to the non-presuppositional interpretations associated with the lower NegP below TP. This chapter also analyses contrasts between SA maa on the one hand and laa and its variants on the other hand. These contrasts are related to scope readings, presupposition, mood and speech acts (commissive, directive, volitive, and (ir)realis). I argue that presuppositional negation is a product of the interplay between syntax and pragmatics. Specifically, I propose that presuppositional negative markers are higher in the syntactic structure. They occupy a position above the tense phrase in the clausal structure, namely NegP above TP (cf. Zanuttini 1997 for similar effects in various Romance). Pragmatically marked negation includes presuppositional negation, categorical negation and cleft-negation. The former two are in a NegP above TP, while the latter is in CP.

Droits de l’homme, droits de Dieu : Une inévitable tension ?

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Will ◽  
The One ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
Religious Obligation ◽  
Will Of God

The conflicts between rights of God and human rights are on the rise. On the one hand, there are some rights that are qualified as human rights in the most important international conventions and in many national constitutions. As such, they are to be respected always and everywhere. On the other hand, there are rights that are directly or indirectly attributed to the will of God. Their respect is regarded as a religious obligation to be upheld even when it implies the violation of human rights. These are the terms of the conflict and the fact that they sink their roots in non-negotiable beliefs – rights related to the very nature of man vs. rights dependent on the will of God–makes this conflict particularly serious and complex. This article discusses the structural and historical causes of this conflict and proposes a few strategies to reduce the tensions between these two sets of rights.

Kunnen wij onze eigen dood onder ogen zien?

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-668
Author(s):  
Govert den Hartogh
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Will

Abstract Can we face our own death?We all know, of course, that we will once die. But do we, can we, really face up to the fact, can we live in a way that really takes it into account? Many philosophers have doubted that we can. Some of them appeal to conceptual arguments, for example the Epicurean argument that we cannot attribute any personal value to the state of our non-existence, because it is not a state of us. Others appeal to phenomenological arguments. At all other times when a possibility that we treasure is not actualized, we are left to deplore the fact, but this particular loss is more encompassing than any other loss. I argue that the conceptual arguments are interesting but in the end unconvincing. The phenomenological arguments, on the other hand, fail to show that it is impossible to live in full consciousness of our mortality, but they explain why it is so difficult for us. Finally, I consider what this tells us about the will to die.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF ILLOCUTIONARY AND PERLOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACTS OF AN INSTAGRAM ONLINE SHOPPING ACCOUNT

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Cahya Wati Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
The Other ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Illocutionary Act ◽  
Other Hand

Language is important in human’s life because we cannot communicate with one another without it. Therefore, it is appealing to study speech acts since we can understand how utterances are reflected in actions. It is also interesting to analyze the speech acts used in Instagram captions. This study aims to analyze speech acts of an online shopping account on Instagram that is an international brand N.Y.X. Illocutionary speech acts aims to state something to influence the listener to do activities according to what the speaker means. Based on the data obtained, the illocutionary act of the online shopping account @nyxcosmetics is in the form of directive and expressive acts. The directives illocution acts are ordering and demanding. On the other hand, the perlocutionary aims to portray the act of offering someone. Keywords: Speech acts, Illocutionary acts, Perlocutionary acts

scholarly journals TINDAK TUTUR EKSPRESIF PADA ANAK-ANAK SAAT BERMAIN BOLA DI LAPANGAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
NFN Defina
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Expressive Speech ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Communication Method ◽  
Data Collecting ◽  
Children's Speech

When playing, children will communicate to one another. They use language when communicating with their interlocutors. In this sense, this study was aimed at analyzing types of expressive illocutionary speech acts produced by children to communicate when playing. Ethnographic communication method was employed in this research done at Klender National Residence, East Jakarta. The data collecting technique was observation aimed to take down notes the children’s speech acts when playing football, in particular. The obtained data were then analyzed by using matching method. Meanwhile, this research employed Schiffrin’s speech acts theory. The findings revealed that in the distribution of the use of expressive speech acts in the children’s dialogues when playing football were identified six pairs of speech. From the six pairs, only two types of expressive speech acts were identified, while the other three were none. The produced expressive speech acts are 1) blaming expression in five pairs (83,3%) and 2) pardoning expression in one pairs (16,7%). On the other hand, the unidentified types of expressive speech acts are 1) thanking, 2) congratulating, 3) praising and 4) condoling, 5) welcoming, 6) criticising,  7) complaining,  dan 8)  flattering. In conclusion, the children used expressive illocutionary speech acts more with blaming expression than those with pardoning, thanking, congratulating, praising and  condoling. So, their communicative language tends to involve blaming expressions. Abstrak Saat bermain, anak-anak akan berkomunikasi sesamanya. Mereka menggunakan bahasa saat berkomunikasi dengan mitra tutur.  Sehubungan dengan hal itu, tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah menganalisis jenis tindak tutur illokusioner ekspresif yang dihasilkan anak-anak untuk berkomunikasi saat bermain. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode etnografi komunikasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Perumnas Klender, Jakarta Timur. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi. Observasi bertujuan mencatat tuturan-tuturan anak-anak saat bermain bola. Teknik analisi data,data yang sudah terkumpul selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan metode padan. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori tindak tutur yang dikemukan Schiffrin. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh data bahwa distribusi penggunaan tindak tutur ekspresif  dalam dialog anak-anak saat bermain bola, dapat diidentifikasi 6 pasang ujaran.  Dari enam pasang ujaran, hanya ada dua jenis ujaran ekspresif, sedangkan tiga jenis ujaran ekspresif lainnya tidak ada.Tindak tutur yang dihasilkan itu adalah 1) tindak tutur ekspresif menyalahkan berjumlah 5 pasangan ujaran  (83,3 %) dan 2) tindak tutur ekspresif  meminta maaf 1 pasangan ujaran (16,7 %).  Sebaliknya, tindak tutur ekspresif yang tidak dipergunakan 1) berterima kasih, 2) memberi selamat, 3) memuji, 4) belangsung kawa, 5) menyambut, 6) mengkritik, 7)  mengeluh,  dan 8) menyanjung. Kesimpulannya adalah dalam bermain, anak-anak lebih banyak menggunakan tindak tutur ilokusi ekspresif  menyalahkan jika dibadingkan dengan tindak tutur  meminta maaf, berterima kasih, memberi selamat, memuji, belangsung kawa, menyambut, mengkritik, mengeluh, dan menyanjung. Jadi, bahasa mereka dalam berkomunikasi cenderung menyalahkan.

scholarly journals Politeness Strategy in Interlanguage Pragmatics of Complaints by International Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Idda Astia
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
East Timor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interlanguage Pragmatics ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Other Hand

The study aims to investigate the speech acts of international students in Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya in giving complaints. This study focuses on the complaint speech acts and the politeness strategy which are produced by International students who have different cultural background. This study used qualitative approach because it observed the complaints speech acts of International students in applying the politeness strategy. There were four participants consist of three males and one female. They came from Mexico, Thailand, East Timor and Togo. The data were taken by purposive sampling. The data contained the complaints which were delivered by the international students conducted through chatting on WhatsApp. Those were collected, categorized, analyzed and concluded. Finally, it is inferred that complaint speech acts which used by showing irritation or disapproval expression and blame. Thus, in politeness strategy, social distance (age and status) and cultural background induce the way of giving complaints. Bald on record politeness strategy is used in the culture which has directness term. Moreover, negative politeness is applied by the complainer who has culture in indirectness term. Bald on record politeness strategy has the chance for face threatening acts (FTA) in the other hand, negative politeness strategy can avoid the FTA.

Speech Acts in the Apprentice Asia TV Program

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Reza Pahlevi ◽  
Amrin Saragih ◽  
Anni Holila Pulungan
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Task Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Tv Program

This study is concerned with the use of speech acts in The Apprentice Asia TV program. The objectives of this study were to describe, to explain the types of speech acts used by the host, advisors and contestants of The Apprentice Asia, and the reasons. The findings of this study showed that all types of speech acts, namely representative, directive, commissive, expressive and decalarative were used by the host and contestants, while the advisors did not use expressive and declarative. The dominant type of speech act used by the host was directive, while the advisors and contestants dominantly used representative speech act. The participants performed them by direct, indirect, literal and non-literal way. There were some reasons of using types of speech acts used by all participants. In order to get information from other participants about the performances of the contestants in running the task, type of speech acts used by the host was directive in the form of questioning. On the other hand, the advisors and contestants were the participants whose informations required by the host. Therefore, in responding what the host asked to them, they performed their speech acts through representative in the forms of informing. Key words : Apprentice Asia; Speech Acts;and TV program.

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