Gropius and the Teddy Bear: a tale of two factories

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-356
Author(s):  
Brenda Vale ◽  
Robert Vale
Keyword(s):  
Modern Architecture ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Curtain Wall ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Teddy Bear ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
History Of ◽  
Double Skin

The architecturally radical Steiff teddy bear factory in Giengen, Germany is a three storey, double skin glass curtain wall building with a steel frame, built in 1903. It is almost unknown in architectural history. On the other hand the loadbearing brick Fagus factory built in 1911 to a design by Gropius and Meyer, in spite of its nineteenth century technology, has become a hallowed icon of modern architecture and a UNESCO World Heritage site. The article discusses the contested history of both buildings and offers some suggestions as to why one became famous and the other did not. It also discusses the equally contested history of the teddy bear, showing that in both cases, history tends to ignore facts in favour of good stories.

The effects of windblown sand on the deterioration of mural paintings in cave 285, in Mogao caves, Dunhuang

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akane Mikayama ◽  
Shuichi Hokoi ◽  
Daisuke Ogura ◽  
Ken Okada ◽  
Bomin Su
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Desert Region ◽  
Mural Paintings ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Windblown Sand

The Mogao caves in Dunhuang are a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the inland desert region of China. Within this site, cave 285 is one of the most important caves. Because a great deal of deterioration has taken place within this cave, a large amount of research has been carried out on the environmental effects of these changes. Results show that the east wall has been least affected by moisture, solar radiation, and daylight compared to the other walls and ceiling. However, the effects of deterioration, including scratches, detachment, and discoloration, are nevertheless seen on the east wall. In this study, we investigated the effects of adhesion and the collision of windblown sand as factors contributing to the deterioration of the east wall. We conclude that sand blown by high-velocity wind has led to detachment, flaking, and losses to the east wall including fading of the paintings.

scholarly journals Great Canadian Lagerstätten 4. The Devonian Miguasha Biota (Québec): UNESCO World Heritage Site and a Time Capsule in the Early History of Vertebrates

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Tissus Mous ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Capsule ◽  
Invertebrate Assemblage

Over the past 170 years, the Late Devonian Miguasha biota from eastern Canada has yielded a diverse aquatic assemblage including 20 species of lower vertebrates (anaspids, osteostracans, placoderms, acanthodians, actinopterygians and sarcopterygians), a more limited invertebrate assemblage, and a continental component including plants, scorpions and millipedes. Originally interpreted as a freshwater lacustrine environment, recent paleontological, taphonomic, sedimentological and geochemical evidence corroborates a brackish estuarine setting. Over 18,000 fish specimens have been recovered showing various modes of fossilization, including uncompressed material and soft-tissue preservation. Most vertebrates are known from numerous, complete, articulated specimens. Exceptionally well-preserved larval and juvenile specimens have been identified for 14 out of the 20 species of fishes, allowing growth studies. Numerous horizons within the Escuminac Formation are now interpreted as either Konservat– or Konzentrat–Lagerstätten.SOMMAIREAu cours des 170 dernières années, le biote du Dévonien supérieur de Miguasha de l’Est du Canada a fourni un assemblage aquatique diversifié, comprenant 20 espèces de vertébrés inférieurs (anaspides, ostéostracés, placodermes, acanthodiens, actinoptérygiens et sarcoptérygiens) et un assemblage peu diversifié d’invertébrés ainsi qu’une composante continentale, représentée par des plantes, des scorpions et des mille-pattes. À l’origine interprété comme un milieu lacustre d’eau douce, les dernières preuves paléontologiques, taphonomiques, sédimentologiques et géochimiques confirment un environnement saumâtre rappelant celui d’un estuaire. Plus de 18,000 fossiles de poissons ont été découverts montrant différents états de conservation, notamment en trois dimensions et la préservation de tissus mous. La plupart des vertébrés sont connus par de nombreux spécimens complets et articulés. Des spécimens de larves et de juvéniles, exceptionnellement bien conservés, ont été identifiées pour 14 des 20 espèces de poissons permettant des études détaillées de leur croissance. De nombreux horizons au sein de la Formation d’Escuminac sont interprétés soit comme des Konservat– ou Konzentrat–Lagerstätten.

scholarly journals Reimagining the Aapravasi Ghat: Khal Torabully's poetry and the indentured diaspora

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-143
Author(s):  
Shanaaz Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Indian Diaspora ◽  
National Narratives ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Shared Trauma ◽  
Conceptual Frame ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries

National narratives in Mauritius often affiliate the Indian diaspora with the experience of indentureship and the Aapravasi Ghat, a nineteenth century immigration depot classified in 2006 as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This affiliation inevitably disregards the African, Malagasy, and Chinese laborers who also worked under the system of indenture in Mauritius during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In his 2013 collection of poetry, Voices from the Aapravasi Ghat: Indentured Imaginaries, Khal Torabully returns to the Aapravasi Ghat to recast the history of indentureship and highlight the various ethnicities of the indentured diaspora, their shared trauma, and displacement. This study contends that Torabully’s poetic engagement with the Aapravasi Ghat, as an historical site of indentureship and its overlooked diversity, challenges the perception of the Ghat as a representation of Indian indentured memory. It uses Torabully’s Coolitude poetics as a conceptual frame to consider the Aapravasi Ghat as an inaugural space that facilitated the creation of a complex, open-ended identity that aspires to promote a culture of diversity but not without its limitations and contradictions. Despite efforts to disrupt ethnic distinctiveness, Torabully reproduces Indo-centric perspectives expressed through the concept of kala pani and the fakir figure.

Carlos Raúl Villanueva (1900--1975)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana D’Auria
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Housing Developments ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Childhood And Youth ◽  
The Common ◽  
The University

Carlos Raúl Villanueva is the most renowned Venezuelan modern architect, designer of several social housing developments as ‘El Silencio’ (1941–1945) and ‘23 de Enero’ (1955–1957) and also of one of the most singular examples of Modern Architecture in Latin América, the Ciudad Universitaria of Caracas, campus of Central University of Venezuela (1944–1970), declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000. Villanueva was born when his father was part of the Venezuelan diplomatic service. His childhood and youth was spent in Europe, most of it in France, where he studied, first in the Lycée Condorcet and later in l’Ecole des Beaux Arts de Paris, graduating as an architect in 1928. Villanueva developed his professional work in Venezuela between 1930 and 1970. During these forty years he embraced the biggest ideal of the modern architect: to work for the common man, for society as a whole, devoting himself to the service of the Venezuelan State. In 1937 Villanueva returned to France for seven months. The project for the Venezuelan pavilion for the Paris International Expo, designed with Luis Malaussena, gave him the opportunity to again be in the midst of artistic avant-gardes. In Paris Villanueva studied Urbanism at the University of Paris and attendance of the fifth Congrès international d’architecture moderne (CIAM) meeting, both of which helped to consolidate his credo in modern architecture and in the synthesis of arts.

Eiffel Tower

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hollis Clayson
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Hundredth Anniversary ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The literature on the Eiffel Tower is wide-ranging and multidisciplinary, echoing the character and history of the 300-meter iron structure itself: a singular and controversial monument with both a past and a present. Not meant to last beyond a few decades, the Tower still looms over Paris. It was the tallest structure on earth when constructed on the Champ de Mars in the French capital as the centerpiece of the 1889 Exposition Universelle, which marked the hundredth anniversary of the French Revolution. Reviled at first, it is revered today. During the post-WWII decades, it became the central icon and symbol of Paris and eventually of France tout court, and is today one of the most widely recognized and visited attractions in the world. The Tower was made a Monument historique in 1964 and named part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site (“Paris, Banks of the Seine”) in 1991. The publications enumerated and glossed in what follows align with the Tower’s complexity: they are drawn from art, architectural, cultural, economic, political, social, and technology history as well as biography and semiology.

INHERITING THE CITY: HISTORIC URBAN LANDSCAPE OF GEORGE TOWN UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohayah Che Amat
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Landscape Values ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Community Evaluation ◽  
George Town

This research presents the value of historic urban landscape (HUL) elements in influencing the character of George Town UNESCO World Heritage Site (WHS), Penang, Malaysia. The values were perceived by the local community of different social-cultural groups that occupied the study area. The historic urban landscape elements constitute towards the protection of its townscape. The identification of the heritage elements influenced by the community interaction with their environment. This study also helps to define the character of a place, as well as reflecting its historical significance. The study adopted four techniques to gather both qualitative and quantitative data, including questionnaire survey, in-depth interview, visual survey and content analysis. In general, the local community has the capability in valuing the historic urban landscape values. The outcomes of their perceptions became the statement of the historic urban landscape values, which are expected to lead to the development of the areas. The community evaluation and perception can be expanded in implementing any development of the historic urban area by the authority.

scholarly journals The Wadden Sea as a National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site: Students’ Word Associations with These Two Conservation Designations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8006
Author(s):  
Till Schmäing ◽  
Norbert Grotjohann
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Word Associations ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Significant Difference

The Wadden Sea ecosystem is unique in many respects from a biological perspective. This is one reason why it is protected by national parks in Germany and by its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In biology didactics, there are only a few studies that focus on the Wadden Sea. This work investigates students’ word associations with the two stimulus words “national park” and “UNESCO World Heritage Site”. The survey was conducted among students living directly at the Wadden Sea and among students from the inland. The analysis of the identified associations (n = 8345) was carried out within the framework of a quantitative content analysis to be able to present and discuss the results on a group level. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. Overall, results showed that the students made subject-related associations as well as a large number of associations to both stimulus words that could be judged as non-subject-related. In some cases, a connection with the region of residence could be found, but this was not generally the case. Even students’ immediate residential proximity to the Wadden Sea is no guarantee that they have knowledge of the two considered protection terms.

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