scholarly journals Inhibitory control predicts language switching performance in trilingual speech production – CORRIGENDUM

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-475
Author(s):  
JARED A. LINCK ◽  
JOHN W. SCHWIETER ◽  
GRETCHEN SUNDERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Switching Performance

Inhibitory control predicts language switching performance in trilingual speech production

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
JARED A. LINCK ◽  
JOHN W. SCHWIETER ◽  
GRETCHEN SUNDERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Simon Task ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Switching Performance ◽  
Switch Costs ◽  
Switching Task ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the role of domain-general inhibitory control in trilingual speech production. Taking an individual differences approach, we examined the relationship between performance on a non-linguistic measure of inhibitory control (the Simon task) and a multilingual language switching task for a group of fifty-six native English (L1) speakers learning French (L2) and Spanish (L3). Better inhibitory control was related to reduced switch costs, but only when switching into or out of the more dominant L1, where inhibitory control has been theorized to be most important (Green, 1998). The results provide evidence of a direct link between inhibitory control abilities and language switching capabilities, and suggest constraints on the conditions under which a domain-general inhibitory control mechanism supports language switching.

Inhibitory control processes and lexical access in trilingual speech production

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Schwieter ◽  
Gretchen Sunderman
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
English Language ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Single Experiment ◽  
Third Language ◽  
Switching Performance

This study tests whether or not trilingual language learners rely on inhibitory control (IC) when accessing words during speech production. In particular, it investigates the extent to which second language (L2) and third language (L3) lexical robustness modulates such reliance. English language learners of French and Spanish participated in a picture-naming task containing language switches in all three of their languages. Analyses were conducted on the switching performance of the three languages followed by an exploration of how these effects were modulated by L2 and L3 lexical robustness. The results support reliance on IC for all three languages. Furthermore, the strength of L2 lexical robustness affected performance in all languages whereas the strength of L3 lexical robustness only affected L3 performance. The results suggest that in the context of having to switch between three languages within a single experiment, trilingual speakers rely on IC.

Inhibitory control predicts quasi language switching performance: evidence from face-to-face dialogue

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 695-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Liu ◽  
Susan Dunlap ◽  
Michael Shengtao Wu ◽  
Lijuan Liang ◽  
Yao Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Switching Performance

scholarly journals The Differential Role of Executive Functions in the Cognitive Control of Language Switching

Languages ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Jared A. Linck ◽  
John W. Schwieter ◽  
Gretchen Sunderman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Switch Costs ◽  
Language Control ◽  
Global And Local

Studies of bilingual speech production suggest that different executive functions (EFs) contribute to the cognitive control of language production. However, no study has simultaneously examined the relationship between different EFs and language control during online speech production. The current study examined individual differences in three EFs (working memory updating, inhibitory control, and task-set switching) and their relationship with performance in a trilingual language-switching task for a group of forty-seven native English (L1) speakers learning French (L2) and Spanish (L3). Analyses indicate complex interactions between EFs and language switching: better inhibitory control was related to smaller L1 switch costs, whereas better working memory was related to larger L1 switch costs. Working memory was also related to larger L2 switch costs, but only when switching from L1. These results support theories of cognitive control that implicate both global and local control mechanisms, and suggest unique contributions of each EF to both global and local cognitive control during language switching. Finally, we discuss the implications for theories of multilingual language control.

scholarly journals Dynamics of inhibitory control during bilingual speech production: An electrophysiological study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Zheng ◽  
Ardi Roelofs ◽  
Hasan Erkan ◽  
Kristin Lemhöfer
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Switching Task

AbstractBilingual speakers have to control their languages to avoid interference, which may be achieved by enhancing the target language and/or inhibiting the nontarget language. Previous research has provided evidence that bilinguals may use inhibition (e.g., Jackson, Swainson, Cunnington, & Jackson, 2001), which is reflected in the N2 component of the event-related potential (ERP). In the current study, we investigated the dynamics of inhibitory control by measuring the N2 during language switching and repetition in picture naming. We recorded the EEG of 30 unbalanced Dutch-English bilinguals in a cued language-switching task. Participants had to name pictures in Dutch or English depending on the cue. A run of same-language trials could be short (two or three trials) or long (five or six trials). We assessed whether RTs and N2 changed over the course of same-language runs, and at a switch between languages. Results showed that speakers named pictures more quickly late as compared to early in a run of same-language trials. Moreover, they made a language switch more quickly after a long run than after a short run. In ERPs, we observed a widely distributed switch effect in the N2, which was larger after a short run than after a long run. The N2 was not modulated during a same-language run, challenging Kleinman and Gollan (2018), who maintained that inhibition accumulates over time. Our results suggests that speakers adjust the level of inhibitory control at a language switch, but not when repeatedly naming in the same language.

scholarly journals Dynamics of inhibitory control during bilingual speech production: An electrophysiological study

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 107387
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Zheng ◽  
Ardi Roelofs ◽  
Hasan Erkan ◽  
Kristin Lemhöfer
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Electrophysiological Study

The effect of inhibitory control and its training on L1 and a new learned language switching

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Liu ◽  
Susan Dunlap ◽  
Lijuan Liang ◽  
Baoguo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Late Positive Component ◽  
Switch Costs

Aims: This study aimed to investigate how individuals’ inhibitory control (IC) ability affects language switching in the initial period of language learning. Design: Using a pretest/posttest design and event-related potential (ERP) methodology, we investigated the effect of IC on Chinese–English bilinguals during their language switching between Chinese (L1) and Korean (a language new to the participants, Lnew). All participants were required to name pictures (picture-naming task) in their L1 and Lnew in the pretest and posttest. Low-IC participants received an IC task training between the pretest and the posttest, while the high-IC group did not. Data and analysis: Analyses of both response latencies and ERP data were conducted by repeated-measures ANOVA. Findings: Results showed that the high-IC group exhibited symmetrical switch costs in both the pretest and the posttest. Besides, a more obvious late positive component (LPC) was observed when the high-IC participants switched from L1 to Lnew than the other way around, indicating their ability to inhibit cross-language interference. In contrast, the low-IC group exhibited asymmetrical switch costs, and no amplitude difference when switching between Lnew and L1 in the pretest. However, in the posttest, the switch costs pattern and the LPC results of the low-IC group became similar to those of the high-IC group. Innovation: The present study was a first attempt to provide electrophysiological evidence that IC ability plays an important role during L1–Lnew switching. Significance: These findings support the hypothesis that individuals’ IC ability plays a role of suppressing the non-target lexical access during language switching in the initial period of second language learning. The results also indicate that the relevant training in IC ability could contribute to the improvement of the language-switching efficiency in the initial period of language learning.

Trilinguals’ language switching: A strategic and flexible account

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Mosca
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Switching Performance ◽  
Controlling System ◽  
Activation Level ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Language Competition ◽  
Language Selection

The goal of this study was to determine how trilinguals select the language they intend to use in a language switching context. Two accounts are examined: (a) a language-specific account, according to which language selection considers the activation level of words of the intended language only (i.e., language co-activation without language competition), and (b) a language non-specific account, where activated words from both the intended and non-intended languages compete for selection (i.e., language co-activation with language competition). Results showed that, in both groups, all three languages competed for selection and that selection was achieved by inhibiting the currently non-relevant languages. Moreover, extending findings from previous research, the study reveals that, in both Experiments 1 and 2, the amount of inhibition was influenced not only by language proficiency but also by the typological similarity between languages. Overall, the study shows that language switching performance can be accounted for by a strategic and flexible inhibitory account. In particular, the controlling system is “strategic” in the sense that it aims at preventing potential conflicting situations, such as typological closeness between languages, and it is “flexible” in that it adjusts languages’ activation levels, depending on the conflict to be solved.

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