scholarly journals The effects of bilingualism on efficiency and lateralization of attentional networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA MARZECOVÁ ◽  
DARIUSZ ASANOWICZ ◽  
L'UBA KRIVÁ ◽  
ZOFIA WODNIECKA
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Left Visual Field ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
Executive Attention ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
Conflict Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Temporal Orienting

The present study investigated the impact of bilingualism on efficiency of alerting, orienting and executive attention by means of the Lateralized Attention Network Test (LANT). Young adult bilinguals who had been exposed to their second language before the age of four years showed a reduced conflict cost and a larger alerting effect in terms of response time (RT), while no difference between bilinguals and monolinguals was observed in overall RT. Bilinguals also outperformed monolinguals on accuracy in both conflict and non-conflict trials, though the effect in the latter condition was very small. Moreover, while a left visual field advantage for accuracy of conflict resolution was present in the monolingual group, bilinguals did not show the asymmetry. The findings suggest that bilingualism enhances the efficiency of executive network while reducing its lateralization. The larger alerting effect in bilinguals is hypothesized to be related to bilinguals’ more efficient executive control, which may support processes of response anticipation or temporal orienting.

Twenty-Four Hours of Total Sleep Deprivation Selectively Impairs Attentional Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Jugovac ◽  
Corrado Cavallero
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Performance Deficits ◽  
Attentional Deficits ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phasic Alerting

Performance decrements after sleep loss have been extensively studied and are usually attributed to generic attentional deficits. This claim, however, is based on the view of attention as a unitary construct, despite evidence that it should be considered a multidimensional cognitive ability. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of one night of sleep deprivation on the efficiency of three attentional networks, defined by Posner and Raichle (1994) in anatomical and functional terms, as alerting, orienting, and executive control. Thirty participants performed the Attention Network Test at 9:00 a.m. following two different sleep conditions: baseline (a normal night of sleep) and deprivation (24 hrs of wakefulness). Results showed an overall slowing in reaction times and a significant decrease in accuracy after sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation selectively affected the three attentional networks, given that only executive control efficacy significantly decreased after sleep deprivation. By contrast, phasic alerting and orienting showed no differences in the two sleep conditions. Thus, performance deficits following sleep deprivation do not reflect global attentional deficits.

Functioning of the Attentional Networks at Rest vs. During Acute Bouts of Aerobic Exercise

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florentino Huertas ◽  
Javier Zahonero ◽  
Daniel Sanabria ◽  
Juan Lupiáñez
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
General State ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Attentional Functioning ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
Phasic Alertness ◽  
Rest Condition

The present study explored the effects of three different activity conditions on three attentional functions: alerting, orienting, and executive control. A group of highly experienced cyclists performed the Attention Network Test–Interactions (Callejas, Lupiáñez, & Tudela, 2004) at rest, during moderate aerobic exercise, and during intense aerobic exercise. Results indicated that aerobic exercise accelerated reaction time and reduced the alerting effect compared with the rest condition. However, aerobic exercise did not modulate the functioning of either the orienting or the executive control attentional networks. No differences in reaction time or attentional functioning were observed between the two aerobic exercise workloads. The present results suggest that moderate aerobic exercise modulates the functioning of phasic alertness by increasing the general state of tonic vigilance.

The Efficiency of Attentional Networks in Children Who Stutter

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 946-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Eggers ◽  
Luc F. De Nil ◽  
Bea R. H. Van den Bergh
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Executive Control Network ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
Regulatory Behavior ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Developmental Stuttering

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether previously reported questionnaire-based differences in self-regulatory behaviors (Eggers, De Nil, & Van den Bergh, 2009, 2010) between children who stutter (CWS) and children who do not stutter (CWNS) would also be reflected in their underlying attentional networks. Method Participants consisted of 41 CWS (mean age = 6;09; years;months) and 41 CWNS (mean age = 6;09) ranging in age from 4;00 to 9;00. Participants were matched on age and gender. The efficiency of the attentional networks was assessed by using the computerized Attention Network Test (Fan, McCandliss, Sommer, Raz, & Posner, 2002). Results Primary results indicated that CWS had a significantly lower efficiency of the orienting network compared with CWNS, whereas no differences were found on the alerting or executive control network. Conclusion Current findings corroborate previously found differences in self-regulatory behavior and were taken to suggest a possible role for attentional processes in developmental stuttering.

scholarly journals Age differences in reward-motivation attention: behavioural and ERP evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farrah Kudus
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Reward Motivation

The attentional system is comprised of three networks: alerting, orienting, and executive control, all of which are associated with unique neural systems. Research examining motivationcognition interactions implicate the dopaminergic and locus-coeruleus norepinephrine systems in attentional and motivational processes, both of which show age differences. The current study was conducted to explore the mechanisms through which gain and loss motivation affect attention across the lifespan, using behavioural and electrophysiological markers of attentional networks. Younger adults (18-33 years) and older adults (65-80 years) completed an incentivized version of the Attention Network Test. Our behavioural results showed age differences in incentive sensitivity, such that responses were modulated as a function of incentives. We also examined cue-N1, target-N1, and target-P3, which showed transient incentive-based modulation, and depended on incentive valence. Overall, our study provides evidence for age-related differences in the modulation of attentional networks, and contributes new insights into the mechanisms behind motivation-cognition interactions. Keywords: Attention Network Test, Motivation, Incentives, Cognitive Aging, Alerting, Executive Control

Attention network test — The impact of social information on executive control, alerting and orienting

2013 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Federico ◽  
Andrea Marotta ◽  
Tiziana Adriani ◽  
Lisa Maccari ◽  
Maria Casagrande
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Development of attentional networks in intellectually gifted children

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Aubry ◽  
Béatrice Bourdin
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Gifted Children ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
Intellectually Gifted ◽  
Age Range

Intellectually gifted children (IGC) have high performance in many domains of the attention than intellectually average children (IAC). However, few studies investigated the development of the alerting, orienting and executive control networks, in IGC. The aim of our study is to analyze the development of these networks in IGC compared to typical developing children and young adults.Fifty-four IGC (age range 8–14 years-old) were compared to 54 IAC (age range 8–14 years-old) and 60 young adults (age range 19–25 years-old) using the Attention Network Test (ANT) to assess these three attentional constructs. Results indicated IGC had better performance than IAC in executive control only. Both children groups have lower attentional network scores than young adults. IGC have probably the same development of the IAC in all attentional networks to the late childhood at adolescence. But they have better ability to focus volitionally in order to solve a simple conflict than IAC.

scholarly journals Executive Attention in Schizophrenic Males and the Impact of COMT Val108/158Met Genotype on Performance on the Attention Network Test

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1231-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Opgen-Rhein ◽  
Andres H. Neuhaus ◽  
Carsten Urbanek ◽  
Eric Hahn ◽  
Thomas Sander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Network Test ◽  
Executive Attention ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Age differences in reward-motivation attention: behavioural and ERP evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farrah Kudus
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Reward Motivation

The attentional system is comprised of three networks: alerting, orienting, and executive control, all of which are associated with unique neural systems. Research examining motivationcognition interactions implicate the dopaminergic and locus-coeruleus norepinephrine systems in attentional and motivational processes, both of which show age differences. The current study was conducted to explore the mechanisms through which gain and loss motivation affect attention across the lifespan, using behavioural and electrophysiological markers of attentional networks. Younger adults (18-33 years) and older adults (65-80 years) completed an incentivized version of the Attention Network Test. Our behavioural results showed age differences in incentive sensitivity, such that responses were modulated as a function of incentives. We also examined cue-N1, target-N1, and target-P3, which showed transient incentive-based modulation, and depended on incentive valence. Overall, our study provides evidence for age-related differences in the modulation of attentional networks, and contributes new insights into the mechanisms behind motivation-cognition interactions. Keywords: Attention Network Test, Motivation, Incentives, Cognitive Aging, Alerting, Executive Control

Testing the Efficiency and Independence of Attentional Networks

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Fan ◽  
Bruce D. McCandliss ◽  
Tobias Sommer ◽  
Amir Raz ◽  
Michael I. Posner
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
Testing Session ◽  
Executive Attention ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Attentional Networks

In recent years, three attentional networks have been defined in anatomical and functional terms. These functions involve alerting, orienting, and executive attention. Reaction time measures can be used to quantify the processing efficiency within each of these three networks. The Attention Network Test (ANT) is designed to evaluate alerting, orienting, and executive attention within a single 30-min testing session that can be easily performed by children, patients, and monkeys. A study with 40 normal adult subjects indicates that the ANT produces reliable single subject estimates of alerting, orienting, and executive function, and further suggests that the efficiencies of these three networks are uncorrelated. There are, however, some interactions in which alerting and orienting can modulate the degree of interference from flankers. This procedure may prove to be convenient and useful in evaluating attentional abnormalities associated with cases of brain injury, stroke, schizophrenia, and attention-deficit disorder. The ANT may also serve as an activation task for neuroimaging studies and as a phenotype for the study of the influence of genes on attentional networks.

The Two Sides of Temporal Orienting

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Correa ◽  
Paola Cappucci ◽  
Anna C. Nobre ◽  
Juan Lupiáñez
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Stroop Effect ◽  
Traffic Situation ◽  
Target Onset ◽  
Stimulus Features ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Spatial Stroop Effect ◽  
Probable Interval ◽  
Spatial Stroop ◽  
Temporal Orienting

Would it be helpful to inform a driver about when a conflicting traffic situation is going to occur? We tested whether temporal orienting of attention could enhance executive control to select among conflicting stimuli and responses. Temporal orienting was induced by presenting explicit cues predicting the most probable interval for target onset, which could be short (400 ms) or long (1,300 ms). Executive control was measured both by flanker and Simon tasks involving conflict between incompatible responses and by the spatial Stroop task involving conflict between perceptual stimulus features. The results showed that temporal orienting facilitated the resolution of perceptual conflict by reducing the spatial Stroop effect, whereas it interfered with the resolution of response conflict by increasing flanker and Simon effects. Such opposite effects suggest that temporal orienting of attention modulates executive control through dissociable mechanisms, depending on whether the competition between conflicting representations is located at perceptual or response levels.

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