The Efficiency of Attentional Networks in Children Who Stutter

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 946-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Eggers ◽  
Luc F. De Nil ◽  
Bea R. H. Van den Bergh
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Executive Control Network ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
Regulatory Behavior ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Developmental Stuttering

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether previously reported questionnaire-based differences in self-regulatory behaviors (Eggers, De Nil, & Van den Bergh, 2009, 2010) between children who stutter (CWS) and children who do not stutter (CWNS) would also be reflected in their underlying attentional networks. Method Participants consisted of 41 CWS (mean age = 6;09; years;months) and 41 CWNS (mean age = 6;09) ranging in age from 4;00 to 9;00. Participants were matched on age and gender. The efficiency of the attentional networks was assessed by using the computerized Attention Network Test (Fan, McCandliss, Sommer, Raz, & Posner, 2002). Results Primary results indicated that CWS had a significantly lower efficiency of the orienting network compared with CWNS, whereas no differences were found on the alerting or executive control network. Conclusion Current findings corroborate previously found differences in self-regulatory behavior and were taken to suggest a possible role for attentional processes in developmental stuttering.

Twenty-Four Hours of Total Sleep Deprivation Selectively Impairs Attentional Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Jugovac ◽  
Corrado Cavallero
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Performance Deficits ◽  
Attentional Deficits ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phasic Alerting

Performance decrements after sleep loss have been extensively studied and are usually attributed to generic attentional deficits. This claim, however, is based on the view of attention as a unitary construct, despite evidence that it should be considered a multidimensional cognitive ability. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of one night of sleep deprivation on the efficiency of three attentional networks, defined by Posner and Raichle (1994) in anatomical and functional terms, as alerting, orienting, and executive control. Thirty participants performed the Attention Network Test at 9:00 a.m. following two different sleep conditions: baseline (a normal night of sleep) and deprivation (24 hrs of wakefulness). Results showed an overall slowing in reaction times and a significant decrease in accuracy after sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation selectively affected the three attentional networks, given that only executive control efficacy significantly decreased after sleep deprivation. By contrast, phasic alerting and orienting showed no differences in the two sleep conditions. Thus, performance deficits following sleep deprivation do not reflect global attentional deficits.

Functioning of the Attentional Networks at Rest vs. During Acute Bouts of Aerobic Exercise

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florentino Huertas ◽  
Javier Zahonero ◽  
Daniel Sanabria ◽  
Juan Lupiáñez
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
General State ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Attentional Functioning ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
Phasic Alertness ◽  
Rest Condition

The present study explored the effects of three different activity conditions on three attentional functions: alerting, orienting, and executive control. A group of highly experienced cyclists performed the Attention Network Test–Interactions (Callejas, Lupiáñez, & Tudela, 2004) at rest, during moderate aerobic exercise, and during intense aerobic exercise. Results indicated that aerobic exercise accelerated reaction time and reduced the alerting effect compared with the rest condition. However, aerobic exercise did not modulate the functioning of either the orienting or the executive control attentional networks. No differences in reaction time or attentional functioning were observed between the two aerobic exercise workloads. The present results suggest that moderate aerobic exercise modulates the functioning of phasic alertness by increasing the general state of tonic vigilance.

scholarly journals Gestational age and gender influence on executive control and its related neural structures in preterm-born children at 6 years of age

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Urben ◽  
Laurence Van Hanswijck De Jonge ◽  
Koviljka Barisnikov ◽  
Roxane Pizzo ◽  
Maryline Monnier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender Influence ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Preterm Born

scholarly journals Age differences in reward-motivation attention: behavioural and ERP evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farrah Kudus
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Reward Motivation

The attentional system is comprised of three networks: alerting, orienting, and executive control, all of which are associated with unique neural systems. Research examining motivationcognition interactions implicate the dopaminergic and locus-coeruleus norepinephrine systems in attentional and motivational processes, both of which show age differences. The current study was conducted to explore the mechanisms through which gain and loss motivation affect attention across the lifespan, using behavioural and electrophysiological markers of attentional networks. Younger adults (18-33 years) and older adults (65-80 years) completed an incentivized version of the Attention Network Test. Our behavioural results showed age differences in incentive sensitivity, such that responses were modulated as a function of incentives. We also examined cue-N1, target-N1, and target-P3, which showed transient incentive-based modulation, and depended on incentive valence. Overall, our study provides evidence for age-related differences in the modulation of attentional networks, and contributes new insights into the mechanisms behind motivation-cognition interactions. Keywords: Attention Network Test, Motivation, Incentives, Cognitive Aging, Alerting, Executive Control

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in Hemispherical Specialization for Attentional Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Casagrande ◽  
Francesca Agostini ◽  
Francesca Favieri ◽  
Giuseppe Forte ◽  
Jasmine Giovannoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Hemispheric Specialization ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Attentional Functioning ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
Age Related

Many cognitive functions face a decline in the healthy elderly. Within the cognitive domains, both attentional processes and executive functions are impaired with aging. Attention includes three attentional networks, i.e., alerting, orienting, and executive control that showed a hemispheric lateralized pattern in adults. This lateralized pattern could have a role in modulating the efficiency of attentional networks. For these reasons could be relevant to analyze the age-related change of hemispheric specialization of attentional networks. This study aims to clarify this aspect with a lateralized version of the ANTI-Fruit. One hundred sixty-seven participants took part in this study. They are divided in three age groups: early adulthood (N=57; Range: 20-30); late adulthood (N=57; Range 31-64) and elderly/older people (N=57; Range: 65-87). Results confirm the previous outcomes on the efficiency and interactions among attentional networks. Moreover, an age-related generalized slowness was evidenced. These findings also support the hypothesis of a hemispheric asymmetry reduction in elderly/older adults. This pattern could partially explain the decrease in attentional functioning in elderly/older age.

scholarly journals Attentional Networks in Co-occurring Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Major Depression Disorder: Towards a Staging Hypothesis of the Executive Control Deficits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Coussement ◽  
Xavier De Longueville ◽  
Alexandre Heeren
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Major Depression Disorder ◽  
Executive Control Network ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
Depression Disorder

Background. Major Depression Disorder (MDD) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) often co-occur, but the neurocognitive mechanisms of this co-occurrence remain unknown. Prominent views have pointed to attentional processes as potent mechanisms at play in MDD and GAD, respectively. Yet uncertainty remains regarding the very nature of attentional impairments in patients with co-occurring MDD and GAD. Methods. Inspired by contemporary models of attentional networks, we examined the integrity of the three main attentional networks, namely the alerting, orienting, and executive control networks, in patients with co-occurring MDD and GAD (n = 30), MDD only (n = 30), GAD only (n = 30), or neither MDD or GAD (n = 30).Results. Patients with co-occurring MDD and GAD exhibited more severe impairments in the executive control network than those with only one of the disorders. There were no differences between the executive control networks of patients with solely MDD or solely GAD, but both groups showed significantly more severe impairment than those without either MDD and GAD. Limitations. The cross-sectional study design precludes strong inference regarding the cause-effect relationship between the executive control network and the co-occurrence of MDD and GAD. Conclusions. Our findings align with a longstanding staging approach to comorbidity whereby, via synergistic effects, co-occurring disorders yield greater damage than the sum of each disorder. Here, for the first time, we extended this approach to the executive control network of attention in the context of the co-occurrence between MDD and GAD.

scholarly journals Development of attentional networks in intellectually gifted children

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Aubry ◽  
Béatrice Bourdin
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Gifted Children ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
Intellectually Gifted ◽  
Age Range

Intellectually gifted children (IGC) have high performance in many domains of the attention than intellectually average children (IAC). However, few studies investigated the development of the alerting, orienting and executive control networks, in IGC. The aim of our study is to analyze the development of these networks in IGC compared to typical developing children and young adults.Fifty-four IGC (age range 8–14 years-old) were compared to 54 IAC (age range 8–14 years-old) and 60 young adults (age range 19–25 years-old) using the Attention Network Test (ANT) to assess these three attentional constructs. Results indicated IGC had better performance than IAC in executive control only. Both children groups have lower attentional network scores than young adults. IGC have probably the same development of the IAC in all attentional networks to the late childhood at adolescence. But they have better ability to focus volitionally in order to solve a simple conflict than IAC.

scholarly journals The effects of bilingualism on efficiency and lateralization of attentional networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA MARZECOVÁ ◽  
DARIUSZ ASANOWICZ ◽  
L'UBA KRIVÁ ◽  
ZOFIA WODNIECKA
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Left Visual Field ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
Executive Attention ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
Conflict Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Temporal Orienting

The present study investigated the impact of bilingualism on efficiency of alerting, orienting and executive attention by means of the Lateralized Attention Network Test (LANT). Young adult bilinguals who had been exposed to their second language before the age of four years showed a reduced conflict cost and a larger alerting effect in terms of response time (RT), while no difference between bilinguals and monolinguals was observed in overall RT. Bilinguals also outperformed monolinguals on accuracy in both conflict and non-conflict trials, though the effect in the latter condition was very small. Moreover, while a left visual field advantage for accuracy of conflict resolution was present in the monolingual group, bilinguals did not show the asymmetry. The findings suggest that bilingualism enhances the efficiency of executive network while reducing its lateralization. The larger alerting effect in bilinguals is hypothesized to be related to bilinguals’ more efficient executive control, which may support processes of response anticipation or temporal orienting.

scholarly journals Age differences in reward-motivation attention: behavioural and ERP evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farrah Kudus
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Reward Motivation

The attentional system is comprised of three networks: alerting, orienting, and executive control, all of which are associated with unique neural systems. Research examining motivationcognition interactions implicate the dopaminergic and locus-coeruleus norepinephrine systems in attentional and motivational processes, both of which show age differences. The current study was conducted to explore the mechanisms through which gain and loss motivation affect attention across the lifespan, using behavioural and electrophysiological markers of attentional networks. Younger adults (18-33 years) and older adults (65-80 years) completed an incentivized version of the Attention Network Test. Our behavioural results showed age differences in incentive sensitivity, such that responses were modulated as a function of incentives. We also examined cue-N1, target-N1, and target-P3, which showed transient incentive-based modulation, and depended on incentive valence. Overall, our study provides evidence for age-related differences in the modulation of attentional networks, and contributes new insights into the mechanisms behind motivation-cognition interactions. Keywords: Attention Network Test, Motivation, Incentives, Cognitive Aging, Alerting, Executive Control

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in Hemispherical Specialization for Attentional Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Casagrande ◽  
Francesca Agostini ◽  
Francesca Favieri ◽  
Giuseppe Forte ◽  
Jasmine Giovannoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Hemispheric Specialization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Attentional Network Test

Many cognitive functions face a decline in the healthy elderly. Within the cognitive domains, both attentional processes and executive functions are impaired with aging. Attention includes three attentional networks, i.e., alerting, orienting, and executive control, showing a hemispheric lateralized pattern in adults. This lateralized pattern could play a role in modulating the efficiency of attentional networks. For these reasons, it could be relevant to analyze the age-related change of the hemispheric specialization of attentional networks. This study aims to clarify this aspect with a lateralized version of the Attentional Network Test for Interaction (ANTI)-Fruit. One hundred seventy-one participants took part in this study. They were divided in three age groups: youth (N = 57; range: 20–30); adults (N = 57; range 31–64), and elderly/older people (N = 57; range: 65–87). The results confirmed the previous outcomes on the efficiency and interactions among attentional networks. Moreover, an age-related generalized slowness was evidenced. These findings also support the hypothesis of a hemispheric asymmetry reduction in elderly/older adults.

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