Language and cognition in bilingual production: the real work still lies ahead

Goldrick, Putnam and Schwarz (Goldrick, Putnam & Schwarz) argue that code-mixing in bilingual production involves not only combining forms from both languages but also – crucially – integrating grammatical principles with gradient mental representations. They further propose an analysis of a particular case of intrasentential code mixing – doubling constructions – framed within the formalism of Gradient Symbolic Computation. This formalism, in their view, is better suited to accounting for code mixing than other generative language models because it allows the weighting of constraints both in the choice of particular structures within a single language and in blends of structures in code-mixed productions.

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Coactivation in bilingual grammars: A computational account of code mixing

Bilingualism Language and Cognition ◽

10.1017/s1366728915000802 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 857-876 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

MATTHEW GOLDRICK ◽

MICHAEL PUTNAM ◽

LARA SCHWARZ

Keyword(s):

Symbolic Computation ◽

Language Processing ◽

Mental Representations ◽

Large Body ◽

Code Switching ◽

Future Research ◽

Code Mixing ◽

Co Activation

A large body of research into bilingualism has revealed that language processing is fundamentally non-selective; there is simultaneous, graded co-activation of mental representations from both of the speakers’ languages. An equally deep tradition of research into code switching/mixing has revealed the important role that grammatical principles play in determining the nature of bilingual speech. We propose to integrate these two traditions within the formalism of Gradient Symbolic Computation. This allows us to formalize the integration of grammatical principles with gradient mental representations. We apply this framework to code mixing constructions where an element of an intended utterance appears in both languages within a single utterance and discuss the directions it suggests for future research.

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The Meditations

10.1093/oso/9780198791713.003.0003 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Walter Ott

Keyword(s):

Perceptual Experience ◽

Developmental Reading ◽

Basic Structure ◽

Brain Image ◽

The Real ◽

The Third ◽

Real Work ◽

Sensible Qualities ◽

The Brain

Despite its difference in aspiration, the Meditations preserves the basic structure of perceptual experience outlined in Descartes’s earliest works. The chapter explores Descartes’s notion of an idea and uses a developmental reading to clear up the mystery surrounding material falsity. In the third Meditation, our protagonist does not yet know enough about extension in order to be able to tell whether her idea of cold is an idea of a real feature of bodies or merely the idea of a sensation. By the time she reaches the end of her reflections, she has learned that sensible qualities are at most sensations. As in his earliest stages, Descartes believes that the real work of perceiving the geometrical qualities of bodies is done by the brain image, which he persists in calling an ‘idea,’ at least when it is the object of mental awareness.

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Generating Sentences by Editing Prototypes

Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics ◽

10.1162/tacl_a_00030 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 437-450 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Kelvin Guu ◽

Tatsunori B. Hashimoto ◽

Yonatan Oren ◽

Percy Liang

Keyword(s):

Language Model ◽

Language Modeling ◽

Language Models ◽

Training Corpus ◽

Human Evaluation ◽

Sentence Level ◽

Sentence Similarity ◽

Traditional Language ◽

Generative Language

We propose a new generative language model for sentences that first samples a prototype sentence from the training corpus and then edits it into a new sentence. Compared to traditional language models that generate from scratch either left-to-right or by first sampling a latent sentence vector, our prototype-then-edit model improves perplexity on language modeling and generates higher quality outputs according to human evaluation. Furthermore, the model gives rise to a latent edit vector that captures interpretable semantics such as sentence similarity and sentence-level analogies.

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TINJAUAN HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH TERHADAP SISTEM PENJUALANBERJENJANG PADA PAYTREN PT. VERITRA SENTOSA INTERNASIONAL BANDUNG (STUDI MITRA PAYTREN DI PALU)

Tadayun: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah ◽

10.24239/tadayun.v1i1.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 89-112

Author(s):

Nurul Wahidah

Keyword(s):

The Real ◽

Business Partners ◽

Economic Law ◽

Real Work ◽

The One ◽

Work Done

The results of this study indicate that the PayTren tiered sales system in Palu has almost fulfilled the sales criteria in sharia economic law such as the fulfillment of pillars and requirements in selling and buying, there are no elements of maisir, immorality, or money games, there is no excessive sale of products that can harm. consumers, companies also provide ujrah according to the real work done by business partners, and there is no passive bonus. However, there are still elements of usury and gharar and the company has not yet fully provided comfort for its partners who make losses on the one hand.It is hoped that the company will pay more attention to and improve technicians in solving problems experienced by its partners and the company must also maintain a tiered sales system that is truly sharia in order to avoid buying and selling transactions that are prohibited by sharia. The partners are also expected to be able to maintain the good name of the company by always following the guidelines that have been made by the company and the regulations that apply in Indonesia.

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Exhaust Emission Characteristics of Excavator With 6.0 Liter Diesel Engine in Real Work Conditions

Volume 2: Emissions Control Systems; Instrumentation, Controls, and Hybrids; Numerical Simulation; Engine Design and Mechanical Development ◽

10.1115/icef2018-9777 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Sangil Kwon ◽

Sung-Woo Kim ◽

Ki-Ho Kim ◽

Youngho Seo ◽

Mun Soo Chon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Diesel Engine ◽

Power Output ◽

Work Conditions ◽

Oxidation Catalyst ◽

Emission Characteristics ◽

Emission Measurement ◽

Emission Analysis ◽

The Real ◽

Real Work

The purpose of this study is evaluate emission characteristics, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter (PM), of excavator with Tier-4f level diesel engine in the real work conditions. The test excavator has an engine power of 124 kW at an engine speed of 1800rpm, and it has various after-treatment devices, such as exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), and diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), to reduce the engine-out emissions. The emissions including carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxides (CO2), and NOx, were measured by portable emission measurement system (PEMS). The PEMS device conducted a correlation analysis with the emission bench on the engine dynamometer before being used to measure the real-work to confirm the reliability of the equipment. The tests were carried out in four categories: idling, driving, excavations and flattening. It revealed that the average power output for each operation mode was higher in the order of flattening, excavation, and drive. On average, those are higher than that for the non-road transient cycle (NRTC) certification mode as 1.5 to 1.9 times. It may be determined that the power output is higher in conditions where there are more boom and bucket movements than the movement of the vehicle itself. In emission analysis, NOx and HC emission in driving mode are higher than other two modes: excavation and flattening. The real time NOx have been low in most test conditions, but large quantities of NOx have been released due to the deactivation of the SCR catalyst during cold start period or immediately after the non-working.

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Features of process of preliminary grind of cellulose-containing materials

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201910401012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 104 ◽

pp. 01012

Author(s):

Tatyana Onoiko

Keyword(s):

Technological Process ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽

The Real ◽

Real Work

In the real work, features of technological process of preliminary grind of cellulose-containing materials raw materials are analysed and features of the existing technologies are considered. The expediency of use for grind of cellulose raw materials by a without knife way of influence by hydrodynamic cavitation in the electromechanical transformer with a discrete secondary part is presented.

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