scholarly journals Influence of weaning timing advice and associated weaning behaviours in a survey of black and minority ethnic groups in the UK

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2094-2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda P Moore ◽  
Kristina Nanthagopan ◽  
Grace Hammond ◽  
Peter Milligan ◽  
Louise M Goff
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
South Asian ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Black African ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Black Caribbean ◽  
African Black ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Minority Ethnic

AbstractObjectiveTo assess understanding of the Department of Health weaning guidelines and weaning influences in a self-selected sample of black and minority ethnic (BME) parents, residing in London.DesignA face-to-face, questionnaire-facilitated survey among Black African, Black Caribbean and South Asian parents.SettingAn opportunistic sample of parents was recruited from Sure Start centres, churches and play groups across key London boroughs.SubjectsThree hundred and forty-nine interviews were included; 107 Black African, fifty-four Black Caribbean, 120 South Asian and sixty-four of Black mixed-race ethnicity.ResultsFifty-two per cent of Black and 66 % of South Asian parents had accurate understanding of the guidelines. Inaccurate knowledge of the guidelines was associated with weaning before 17 weeks (P < 0·001); 36 % of Black Africans and 31 % of Black Caribbeans were weaned before 4 months compared with 16 % of South Asians. All BME groups were most influenced by weaning information from the previous generations of mothers in their families, which was associated with earlier weaning (21·5 (sd 6·5) v. 24·1 (sd 4·2) weeks; F(2,328) = 5·79, P = 0·003), and less so by professional infant feeding advice, which was associated with a later weaning age (23·7 (sd 5·1) v. 20·7 (sd 5·7) weeks; F(1,344) = 34·7, P < 0·001).ConclusionsLack of awareness of the Department of Health weaning guidelines is common among these BME populations, whose weaning behaviour is strongly influenced by informal advice. Further research is necessary to elucidate the influences on weaning in these populations and to facilitate the development of infant feeding support which is salient for BME groups in the UK.

scholarly journals The ‘Count Me In’ psychiatric in-patient census for 2007 and the elderly: evidence of improvement or cause for concern?

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 201-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Shah
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Institutional Racism ◽  
Bed Occupancy ◽  
Black African ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Black Caribbean ◽  
Minority Ethnic

SummaryThe recently published Count Me In 2007 census specifically reported age-standardised admission rates for individuals aged over 65 years from different Black and minority ethnic groups. the standardised admission ratio was higher in the White Irish, other White, White and Black Caribbean, other Asian, Black Caribbean, Black African and other Black ethnic groups; and lower in the White British and Chinese ethnic groups. As this census was undertaken on a single day for all psychiatric in-patients, it measured bed occupancy rather than admission rates and so it was actually referring to standardised bed occupancy ratios. Bed occupancy is a function of admission rates and length of stay. This editorial critically explores factors (including those related to institutional racism) that may affect both admission rates and length of stay, and ultimately bed occupancy, of Black and minority ethnic elders.

scholarly journals Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic groups in England are at increased risk of death from COVID-19: indirect standardisation of NHS mortality data

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Aldridge ◽  
Dan Lewer ◽  
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi ◽  
Rohini Mathur ◽  
Neha Pathak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Geographical Region ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Black African ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Black Caribbean ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Background: International and UK data suggest that Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups are at increased risk of infection and death from COVID-19. We aimed to explore the risk of death in minority ethnic groups in England using data reported by NHS England. Methods: We used NHS data on patients with a positive COVID-19 test who died in hospitals in England published on 28th April, with deaths by ethnicity available from 1st March 2020 up to 5pm on 21 April 2020. We undertook indirect standardisation of these data (using the whole population of England as the reference) to produce ethnic specific standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) adjusted for age and geographical region. Results: The largest total number of deaths in minority ethnic groups were Indian (492 deaths) and Black Caribbean (460 deaths) groups. Adjusting for region we found a lower risk of death for White Irish (SMR 0.52; 95%CIs 0.45-0.60) and White British ethnic groups (0.88; 95%CIs 0.86-0.0.89), but increased risk of death for Black African (3.24; 95%CIs 2.90-3.62), Black Caribbean (2.21; 95%CIs 2.02-2.41), Pakistani (3.29; 95%CIs 2.96-3.64), Bangladeshi (2.41; 95%CIs 1.98-2.91) and Indian (1.70; 95%CIs 1.56-1.85) minority ethnic groups. Conclusion: Our analysis adds to the evidence that BAME people are at increased risk of death from COVID-19 even after adjusting for geographical region. We believe there is an urgent need to take action to reduce the risk of death for BAME groups and better understand why some ethnic groups experience greater risk. Actions that are likely to reduce these inequities include ensuring adequate income protection (so that low paid and zero-hours contract workers can afford to follow social distancing recommendations), reducing occupational risks (such as ensuring adequate personal protective equipment), reducing barriers in accessing healthcare and providing culturally and linguistically appropriate public health communications.

scholarly journals Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic groups in England are at increased risk of death from COVID-19: indirect standardisation of NHS mortality data

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Aldridge ◽  
Dan Lewer ◽  
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi ◽  
Rohini Mathur ◽  
Neha Pathak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Geographical Region ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Black African ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Black Caribbean ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Background: International and UK data suggest that Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups are at increased risk of infection and death from COVID-19. We aimed to explore the risk of death in minority ethnic groups in England using data reported by NHS England. Methods: We used NHS data on patients with a positive COVID-19 test who died in hospitals in England published on 28th April, with deaths by ethnicity available from 1st March 2020 up to 5pm on 21 April 2020. We undertook indirect standardisation of these data (using the whole population of England as the reference) to produce ethnic specific standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) adjusted for age and geographical region. Results: The largest total number of deaths in minority ethnic groups were Indian (492 deaths) and Black Caribbean (460 deaths) groups. Adjusting for region we found a lower risk of death for White Irish (SMR 0.52; 95%CIs 0.45-0.60) and White British ethnic groups (0.88; 95%CIs 0.86-0.0.89), but increased risk of death for Black African (3.24; 95%CIs 2.90-3.62), Black Caribbean (2.21; 95%CIs 2.02-2.41), Pakistani (3.29; 95%CIs 2.96-3.64), Bangladeshi (2.41; 95%CIs 1.98-2.91) and Indian (1.70; 95%CIs 1.56-1.85) minority ethnic groups. Conclusion: Our analysis adds to the evidence that BAME people are at increased risk of death from COVID-19 even after adjusting for geographical region, but was limited by the lack of data on deaths outside of NHS settings and ethnicity denominator data being based on the 2011 census. Despite these limitations, we believe there is an urgent need to take action to reduce the risk of death for BAME groups and better understand why some ethnic groups experience greater risk. Actions that are likely to reduce these inequities include ensuring adequate income protection, reducing occupational risks, reducing barriers in accessing healthcare and providing culturally and linguistically appropriate public health communications.

Acculturation and the prevalence of pain amongst South Asian minority ethnic groups in the UK

Rheumatology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Palmer ◽  
G. Macfarlane ◽  
C. Afzal ◽  
A. Esmail ◽  
A. Silman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Prevalence Of Pain ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Lone Mothers, Ethnicity and Welfare Dynamics

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINA MOKHTAR ◽  
LUCINDA PLATT
Keyword(s):  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Welfare Dependency ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
Lone Parents ◽  
Lone Mothers ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Policy Concern ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Minority Ethnic

AbstractThis article investigates the ethnic patterning of exit from means-tested benefits in a UK town. Lone parents in the UK face high risks of poverty and high rates of receipt of means-tested, out-of-work benefits. There has been extensive policy concern with lone parents' poverty and with potential ‘welfare dependency’. Investigation of welfare dynamics has unpacked the notion of welfare dependency, and has stimulated policy to better understand the factors associated with longer rather than shorter durations. However, within this analysis, there has been little attention paid to ethnicity. This is despite the fact that the extensive literature on the UK's minority ethnic groups has emphasised diversity in both rates of lone parenthood and risks of poverty. To date we have little understanding of ethnic variation in lone parents' welfare dynamics. Using a data set drawn from administrative records, this article analyses the chances of leaving means-tested benefit for a set of lone mothers in a single town, exploring whether there is variation by ethnic group. We find that, controlling for basic demographic characteristics, there is little evidence to suggest that ethnicity affects the chances of benefit exit, even between groups where rates of lone parenthood are very different.

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