scholarly journals Cost of inaction on sugar-sweetened beverage consumption: implications for obesity in South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 2296-2304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviva Tugendhaft ◽  
Mercy Manyema ◽  
Lennert J Veerman ◽  
Lumbwe Chola ◽  
Demetre Labadarios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
National Income ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sweetened Beverage

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the effect of increased sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption on future adult obesity prevalence in South Africa in the absence of preventive measures.DesignA model was constructed to simulate the effect of a 2·4 % annual increase in SSB consumption on obesity prevalence. The model computed the change in energy intake assuming a compounding increase in SSB consumption. The population distribution of BMI by age and sex was modelled by fitting measured data from the 2012 South African National Income Dynamics Survey to the log-normal distribution and shifting the mean values.SettingOver the past decade the prevalence of obesity and related non-communicable diseases has increased in South Africa, as have the sales and availability of SSB. Soft drink sales in South Africa are projected to grow between 2012 and 2017 at an annual compounded growth rate of 2·4 % in the absence of preventive measures to curb consumption.ResultsA 2·4 % annual growth in SSB sales alongside population growth and ageing will result in an additional 1 287 000 obese adults in South Africa by 2017, 22 % of which will be due to increased SSB consumption.ConclusionsIn order to meet the South African target of reducing the number of people who are obese and/or overweight by 10 % by 2020, the country cannot afford to delay implementing effective population-wide interventions. In the face of plans to increase growth of SSB, the country will soon face even greater challenges in overcoming obesity and related non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals The prevalence and contextual correlates of non-communicable diseases among inter-provincial migrants and non-migrants in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwuedozie K. Ajaero ◽  
Nicole De Wet-Billings ◽  
Chiemezie Atama ◽  
Prince Agwu ◽  
Eberechukwu J. Eze
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Income ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Older Populations

Abstract Background The socioeconomic conditions of different environments manifest in varying experiences of illnesses. Even as migrants do transit across these different environments for various reasons, including settlement, they are bound to have peculiar experiences of diseases, which could be traced to lifestyle, gender, adaptation, and reactions to specific social, economic, psychological and climatic conditions. Paying attention to such unique scenarios, our study examines the prevalence and contextual correlates of non-communicable diseases among inter-provincial migrants and non-migrants in South Africa. Methods Data was from the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS), waves 5 of 2017, which comprised of 28,055 respondents aged 15–64 years made up of 22,849 inter-provincial non-migrants and 5206 inter-provincial migrants. A composite dependent/outcome variable of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) was generated for the study and data analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi Square analysis and multilevel logistic regression analysis. Results More migrants (19.81%) than non-migrants (16.69%) reported prevalence of NCDs. With the exception of household size for migrants and smoking for non-migrants, the prevalence of NCDs showed significant differences in all the community, behavioral, and individual variables. The factors in the full model, which significantly increased odds of NCDs among the migrants and the non-migrants, were older populations, the non-Blacks, and those with higher education levels. On the one hand, being married, having a household with 4–6 persons, and being residents of urban areas significantly increased odds of NCDs among the migrant population. While on the other, living in coastal provinces, being a female, and belonging to the category of those who earn more than 10,000 Rands were significantly associated with increased odds of NCDs among the non-migrants. Conclusions These findings, therefore, among other things underscore the need for increased education and awareness campaigns, especially among the older populations on the preventive and mitigative strategies for NCDs. In addition, changes in lifestyles with regard to smoking and physical exercises should be more emphasized in specific contextual situations for the migrant and non-migrant populations, as highlighted by the results of this study.

scholarly journals Barriers to, and facilitators of, the adoption of a sugar sweetened beverage tax to prevent non-communicable diseases in Namibia: a policy landscape analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1903213
Author(s):  
Hans Justus Amukugo ◽  
Safura Abdool Karim ◽  
Anne Marie Thow ◽  
Agnes Erzse ◽  
Petronell Kruger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Landscape Analysis ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sweetened Beverage

scholarly journals Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases and Associated Factors in South Africa: Evidence from National Income Dynamics Survey, 2008-2017.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa ◽  
Olalekan Seun Olagunju ◽  
Eugene Budu ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Ismail A Odetokun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
National Income ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics

Abstract IntroductionThe unprecedented global increase in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) death incidences resulted in a joint initiative by the United Nations (UN) and the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce NCD-related mortality by 25% by the year 2025. In this study, we ascertained the prevalence of NCDs in South Africa and its associated factors. MethodWe used 5-panel waves secondary datasets conducted by national income dynamic survey (NIDS) from 2008 to 2017 among 64,735 South Africans. We calculated the prevalence of all selected NCDs separately and together for each year at the descriptive level. This was followed by the distribution of selected NCDs across the socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics of the respondents. Finally, we used binary logistic regression to assess NCDs' likelihood by the respondents’ socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics. The results were presented as crude odds ratios (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals, signifying precision. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05.ResultsWe found that, the prevalence of NCDs in South Africa was highest in the year 2012 (23.8%) and lowest in the year 2015 (15.2%). Over the 10-year period, the NCDs with highest and lowest prevalence were high blood pressure and cancer, respectively. Females [cOR = 1.88, 95% CI=1.79-1.96], smokers [cOR=2.01, 95% CI=1.85-2.19] and those very satisfied with life [cOR=1.10, 95% CI=1.04-1.17] were more likely to have atleast one NCDs. This persisted after adjusting for significant covariates: [aOR = 1.84, 95% CI=1.74-1.94], [aOR=1.49, 95% CI=1.35-1.65] and [aOR = 1.01, 95% CI=0.95-1.09] respectively.ConclusionSouth Africa’s department of health and other health agencies need to strengthen existing policies and develop new interventional frameworks that will deliberately consider various significant factors contributing to the high prevalence of NCDs identified in this study. This will reduce the NCDs prevalence and reduce the morbidity and mortality levels attributable to NCDs in the country.

scholarly journals The prevalence and contextual correlates of non-communicable diseases among inter-provincial migrants and non-migrants in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwuedozie Kelechukwu Ajaero ◽  
Nicole De Wet-Billings ◽  
Chiemezie Atama ◽  
Prince Agwu ◽  
Eberechukwu Jennifer Eze
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Income ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Older Populations

Abstract Background The socioeconomic conditions of different environments manifest in varying experiences of illnesses. Even as migrants do transit across these different environments for various reasons, including settlement, they are bound to have peculiar experiences of diseases, which could be traced to lifestyle, gender, adaptation, and reactions to specific social, economic, psychological and climatic conditions. Paying attention to such unique scenarios, our study examines the prevalence and contextual correlates of non-communicable diseases among inter-provincial migrants and non-migrants in South Africa. Methods Data was from the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS), waves 5 of 2017, which comprised of 28,055 respondents aged 15–64 years made up of 22,849 inter-provincial non-migrants and 5,206 inter-provincial migrants. A composite dependent/outcome variable of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) was generated for the study and data analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi Square analysis and multilevel logistic regression analysis Results More migrants (19.81%) than non-migrants (16.69%) reported prevalence of NCDs. With the exception of household size for migrants and smoking for non-migrants, the prevalence of NCDs showed significant differences in all the community, behavioral, and individual variables. The factors in the full model, which significantly increased odds of NCDs among the migrants and the non-migrants, were older populations, the non-Blacks, and those with higher education levels. On the one hand, being married, having a household with 4–6 persons, and being residents of urban areas significantly increased odds of NCDs among the migrant population. While on the other, living in coastal provinces, being a female, and belonging to the category of those who earn more than 10,000 Rands were significantly associated with increased odds of NCDs among the non-migrants. Conclusions These findings, therefore, among other things underscore the need for increased education and awareness campaigns, especially among the older populations on the preventive and mitigative strategies for NCDs. In addition, changes in lifestyles with regard to smoking and physical exercises should be more emphasized in specific contextual situations for the migrant and non-migrant populations, as highlighted by the results of this study.

scholarly journals Nutrition related non-communicable diseases and sugar sweetened beverage policies: a landscape analysis in Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1872172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulenga M. Mukanu ◽  
Safura Abdool Karim ◽  
Karen Hofman ◽  
Agnes Erzse ◽  
Anne-Marie Thow
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Landscape Analysis ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sweetened Beverage

Assessing sugar-sweetened beverage intakes, added sugar intakes and BMI before and after the implementation of a sugar-sweetened beverage tax in South Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Stephanie V Wrottesley ◽  
Nicholas Stacey ◽  
Gudani Mukoma ◽  
Karen J Hofman ◽  
Shane A Norris
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Objective: To provide insight into the context and public health implications of the South African sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax (Health Promotion Levy; HPL) by describing SSB and added sugar intakes, as well as BMI, 1 year prior to, at the time of and 1 year after implementation of the HPL. Design: Longitudinal dietary intake was assessed using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ) and BMI was measured via anthropometry. Setting: Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa. Participants: Adolescents, young adults and middle-aged adults (n 617). Results: At baseline, median SSB intakes were 36 ml/d, 214 ml/d and 750 ml/d for those in low, medium and high consumption tertiles, respectively. SSB intake decreased by two times/week in medium consumers and seven times/week in high consumers between baseline and 12 months, equivalent to 107 ml/d and 536 ml/d reductions, respectively. These reduced levels were maintained in the following year (i.e. to 24 months). There was an overall decrease in the amount of energy consumed as added sugar in the low (−48 kJ/d), medium (−153 kJ/d) and high (−106 kJ/d) SSB consumption groups between baseline and 24 months; however, the percentage of total energy consumed as added sugar remained relatively consistent (between 10 and 11 %). There were small overall increases in BMI across low (0·6 kg/m2), medium (0·9 kg/m2) and high (1·0 kg/m2) SSB tertiles between baseline and 24 months. Conclusions: These findings suggest reductions in SSB and added sugar consumption contemporaneous to the introduction of the HPL – particularly for those with higher baseline intakes.

scholarly journals Taxed and untaxed beverage intake by South African young adults after a national sugar-sweetened beverage tax: A before-and-after study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. e1003574
Author(s):  
Michael Essman ◽  
Lindsey Smith Taillie ◽  
Tamryn Frank ◽  
Shu Wen Ng ◽  
Barry M. Popkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Before And After Study

Background In an effort to prevent and reduce the prevalence rate of people with obesity and diabetes, South Africa implemented a sugar-content-based tax called the Health Promotion Levy in April 2018, one of the first sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes to be based on each gram of sugar (beyond 4 g/100 ml). This before-and-after study estimated changes in taxed and untaxed beverage intake 1 year after the tax, examining separately, to our knowledge for the first time, the role of reformulation distinct from behavioral changes in SSB intake. Methods and findings We collected single-day 24-hour dietary recalls from repeat cross-sectional surveys of adults aged 18–39 years in Langa, South Africa. Participants were recruited in February–March 2018 (pre-tax, n = 2,459) and February–March 2019 (post-tax, n = 2,489) using door-to-door sampling. We developed time-specific food composition tables (FCTs) for South African beverages before and after the tax, linked with the diet recalls. By linking pre-tax FCTs only to dietary intake data collected in the pre-tax and post-tax periods, we calculated changes in beverage intake due to behavioral change, assuming no reformulation. Next, we repeated the analysis using an updated FCT in the post-tax period to capture the marginal effect of reformulation. We estimated beverage intake using a 2-part model that takes into consideration the biases in using ordinary least squares or other continuous variable approaches with many individuals with zero intake. First, a probit model was used to estimate the probability of consuming the specific beverage category. Then, conditional on a positive outcome, a generalized linear model with a log-link was used to estimate the continuous amount of beverage consumed. Among taxed beverages, sugar intake decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) from 28.8 g/capita/day (95% CI 27.3–30.4) pre-tax to 19.8 (95% CI 18.5–21.1) post-tax. Energy intake decreased (p < 0.0001) from 121 kcal/capita/day (95% CI 114–127) pre-tax to 82 (95% CI 76–87) post-tax. Volume intake decreased (p < 0.0001) from 315 ml/capita/day (95% CI 297–332) pre-tax to 198 (95% CI 185–211) post-tax. Among untaxed beverages, sugar intake increased (p < 0.0001) by 5.3 g/capita/day (95% CI 3.7 to 6.9), and energy intake increased (p < 0.0001) by 29 kcal/capita/day (95% CI 19 to 39). Among total beverages, sugar intake decreased significantly (p = 0.004) by 3.7 (95% CI −6.2 to −1.2) g/capita/day. Behavioral change accounted for reductions of 24% in energy, 22% in sugar, and 23% in volume, while reformulation accounted for additional reductions of 8% in energy, 9% in sugar, and 14% in volume from taxed beverages. The key limitations of this study are an inability to make causal claims due to repeat cross-sectional data collection, and that the magnitude of reduction in taxed beverage intake may not be generalizable to higher income populations. Conclusions Using a large sample of a high-consuming, low-income population, we found large reductions in taxed beverage intake, separating the components of behavioral change from reformulation. This reduction was partially compensated by an increase in sugar and energy from untaxed beverages. Because policies such as taxes can incentivize reformulation, our use of an up-to-date FCT that reflects a rapidly changing food supply is novel and important for evaluating policy effects on intake.

scholarly journals Assessment of risk factors for Non-Communicable diseases among a cohort of community health workers in Western Cape, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-203
Author(s):  
Levona Johnson ◽  
Laura Schopp ◽  
Firdouza Waggie ◽  
J.M Frantz
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Community Health ◽  
South African ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Agents Of Change

Community Health Workers (CHWs) have been identified as the key health professionals to drive the agenda of the prevention of health risk behaviours, linked to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in South Africa. They are regarded as the agents of change, who will provide impetus to the achievement of the health behaviour goals, set out by the South African National Department of Health.

Revisiting Poverty, Human Development and Inequality in Democratic South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 097370302110329
Author(s):  
Vusi Gumede
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Development ◽  
South African ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
National Income ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Poverty Dynamics ◽  
The South ◽  
South African Society ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index

There are many questions related to poverty in South Africa that remain unsatisfactorily answered. Given the poor performance of the South African economy, including declining per capita incomes and increasing unemployment, since 2010 or so, it is important to examine poverty dynamics in the recent years. Many recent studies in this regard have relied on 2015 data, and do not examine all the three interrelated aspects of wellbeing viz. poverty, human development and inequality. In this context, this paper uses all the five waves of the National Income Dynamics Study and employs different poverty and inequality measurement techniques to investigate poverty dynamics, human development and inequality during the post-apartheid period in South Africa. The estimates suggest that although poverty was declining prior to the coronavirus pandemic, the African/Black population group is the most affected by poverty. The phenomenon of feminisation of poverty is also verified based on the evidence of increasingly more women in poverty than men. The proportion of population experiencing multiple deprivations, measured by the Multidimensional Poverty Index, have not changed in the post-apartheid period. Similarly, human development has not improved during this period. South African society continues to be one of the most unequal societies in the world. The paper argues that the inability to sufficiently reduce poverty, unemployment and inequality results from the weak performance of the South African economy. In the same vein, it is the structure of the South African economy that has kept the levels of human development low and income inequality high.

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