A Comparative Study of Hydrosalpinx

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
Dorothy L. Patton
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Fluid Accumulation ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Distal Half ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mucosal Folds

Hydrosalpinx, a pathological condition which causes infertility in women, is characterized by occlusion of the distal end of the fallopian tube, and a dilation of the tube with fluid. Little is known regarding the development of hydrosalpinx and the accompanying morphological changes. To investigate specifically the effect of chronic tubal distention on structure and function of the oviduct, hydrosalpinges were induced in rabbits and monkeys by ligating the fimbriated end of the oviduct. Subsequent fluid accumulation in the distal half of the tube (ampulla) caused a gradually increasing distention that reached a maximum diameter of about 3 times normal size in 4-6 weeks. The dilated tubes were removed 1 to 5 months following ligation for both morphological and physiological examination. Contralateral tubes were used for controls. Scanning electron microscopy of the luminal surface of the ampulla of both species revealed a striking decrease in the large mucosal folds that normally fill the lumen of the oviduct and run longitudinally in parallel throughout the length of the ampulla. Smaller ridges formed an interlacing network between the much reduced primary mucosal folds (Fig. 1). The epithelial surface of the lumen contained secretory and ciliated cells which were normal in their appearance and distribution (Fig. 2).

Intestinal Structure and Function after Small Bowel by-Pass in the Rat

1972 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Gleeson ◽  
J. Cullen ◽  
R. H. Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Migration Rate ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Intestinal Continuity ◽  
And Function

1. To study further the influence of luminal nutrition on small bowel structure and function, segments of rat jejunum and ileum were completely excluded from intestinal continuity by Thiry-Vella by-pass operations. The effect of partial deprivation of luminal nutrition was also studied in jejunal segments that had been surgically transposed to a distal position in the intestinal tract. 2. Macroscopically, by-passed jejunum and ileum both became narrowed and atrophic, whereas the intestine in continuity showed hypertrophic changes similar to those seen after intestinal resection. 3. In by-passed intestine the pattern of villi changed from mucosal ridges to ‘fingers’ and ‘leaves’. Although villous height and total mucosal thickness were both reduced, light microscopy showed that even 6 months after exclusion from intestinal continuity villous morphology was still retained. 4. Epithelial-cell migration rate and turnover time were diminished in both jejunum and ileum after by-pass. In intestine in continuity the migration rate was increased, but the turnover time remained the same as in controls. 5. In by-passed jejunum, in vivo glucose absorption diminished progressively with time, but did not change in excluded ileal segments. 6. After ileo-jejunal transposition, the jejunum showed no major morphological changes, but glucose absorption became significantly depressed. 7. These results further support the concept that intraluminal nutrition exerts a major influence on cell turnover, villous morphology and absorptive function in the small intestine.

The ecsoma in Hemiuridae (Digenea: Hemiuroidea): tegumental structure and function in the mesocercaria and the metacercaria of Lecithochirium furcolabiatum (Jones, 1933) Dawes, 1947

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. Matthews ◽  
R. A. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Harpacticoid Copepod ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Excretory Vesicle ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Distal Half ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Advanced Development

AbstractUltrastructural, histochemical and autoradiographical techniques have been used to investigate the development and function of the tegument of both somal and ecsomal body regions in the hemiurid Lecithochirum furcolabiatum. The terms mesocercaria and metacercaria are here adopted for those stages in the copepod second and fish third intermediate hosts respectively on the basis of morphology and on analogy with the Strigeidae. Mesocercariae were obtained by experimental infection of the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus brevicornis with the cystophorous cercariae (syn. Cercaria vaullegeardi), whilst metacercariae were removed from the body cavities of naturally-infected rockpool teleosts including Gobius paganellus and Blennius pholis. Observations on the mesocercaria show the origin of the ecsoma from the distal half of the excretory vesicle, which at 21 days post-infection is capable of eversion through the terminal pore. The nucleated microrugous surface layer of the ecsoma at this stage is modified or replaced in the metacercaria by anucleate syncytial tegument similar to that of the adult organ. The metacercarial stage is also associated with the more advanced development of the somal tegument. The two stages differ in metabolic activity, the somal tegument of only the metacercaria resembling that of the adult in acid phosphatase distribution. In the mesocercaria the ecsomal tegument showed the strongest uptake of 3H-tyrosine; absorption of the latter was not detected in the metacercaria. 3H-glucose uptake was restricted to the intestinal caeca of both stages.

Abstract 12226: Left Atrial Structure and Function and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Results From Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M Markman ◽  
Mohammadali Habibi ◽  
Bharath Ambale-Venkatesh ◽  
Mytra Zareian ◽  
Colin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
And Function

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Morphological changes in the LA may appear before symptoms. We aimed to investigate the association between cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) measured LA structure and function and incident CVD in asymptomatic individuals with DM. Methods: Tissue tracking CMR was used to measure LA size and phasic emptying fraction (EF) on all 574 MESA participants with DM and available baseline CMR, which was performed between 2000 and 2002. MESA is a population based, multi-center cohort study of 6814 healthy individuals. CVD was defined as MI, resuscitated cardiac arrest, angina, stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and any mortality secondary to CVD. Cox regression was used to assess the association of LA parameters with incident CVD adjusted for traditional risk factors, LV mass assessed by CMR, NT Pro-BNP and maximum LA volume. Adjusted Kaplan-Meier curves are based on 25th percentile cut-offs. Results: After a mean follow up of 7 years, 96 individuals developed CVD (mean age 64, 53%male, 79% treated). Individuals with incident CVD (mean age 66 years, 66% male vs. mean age 4 years, 50% male) had larger maximum and minimum LA volume index (LAVI) (32±13 mm3/m2 vs. 27±10 mm3/m2; 20±10mm3/m2 vs. 14 ±6 mm3/m2), and lower total and active EF than those without CVD (42±11% vs. 48±9%; 29±11% vs. 32±11%). p<0.01 for all. In the final model, there was a significant association of minimum LAVI, LA total EF, and LA active EF with incident CVD. Conclusions: CMR measured LA structure and function are predictive of CVD in a diabetic multi-ethnic population free of any symptomatic CVD at baseline.

scholarly journals Streptozotocin and Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Induce Changes in Hepatic Cytoarchitecture in Mice

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 401-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Watkins ◽  
Phillip A. Gardner ◽  
John D. Feczko ◽  
Kathleen M. Klueber
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Bile Canaliculi ◽  
Excretory Function ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
And Function ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Streptozotocin (STZ) causes both direct organ toxicity and diabetes, and both actions can affect the structure and function of many organs. Because biliary excretory function changes with time after STZ injection, it was hypothesized that morphological changes would occur in livers from mice made diabetic with STZ. Blood glucose concentrations were elevated above that in control mice from day 3 onward. Liver tissue collected on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 following a single administration of STZ (200 mg/kg IV) was prepared for electron microscopy using standard procedures. Liver samples from vehicle control mice were obtained on each experimental day for comparison. Morphological changes on days 1 and 3 included a swelling of the hepatic sinusoids, an apparent widening between hepatocyte borders, and deterioration of the microvilli of the bile canaliculi. On days 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28, the liver exhibited normal extracellular space and canaliculi with regenerated microvilli. However, findings similar to those from days 1 and 3 were observed in the liver samples from days 35 and 42. The most dramatic effect seen on day 42 was the dilation of extracellular space. Hepatic sinusoids were enlarged and canalicular microvilli appeared to have degenerated. Findings from days 1 and 3 may be attributed to STZ hepatotoxicity with subsequent normalization of the fiver, whereas the alterations observed on days 35 and 42 are probably a manifestation of diabetes mellitus, because these changes became more extensive with progression of the disease.

Morphological changes in the structure and function of the feeding appendages and foregut of the larvae and first juvenile of the freshwater prawnMacrobrachium acanthurus

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina P. Rocha ◽  
Manoel Luciano A. Quadros ◽  
Murilo Maciel ◽  
Cristiana R. Maciel ◽  
Fernando A. Abrunhosa
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
Freshwater Prawn ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
And Function ◽  
Feeding Resources

The present study describes the morphological changes of the mouthparts and foregut of the freshwater prawnM. acanthurusthat occur during the development of the larvae and first juvenile. The results indicate that the zoeae I have mouthparts with reduced setae and a structureless foregut that indicates obligatory lecithotrophic behaviour. There is an increase in the number of setae in these structures between the zoea II and the juvenile stage, indicating the adaptation of the organism for feeding. More complex structural alterations were observed in the first juvenile, which acquires benthonic habits, which ensure the capture and ingestion of a diversity of feeding resources found in the substrate.

scholarly journals Changes in thyroid volume and thyroid function in acromegaly after surgery in Chinese population

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Shao ◽  
Jiayi Li ◽  
Lu Gao ◽  
Xiaopeng Guo ◽  
Zihao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background : An increased prevalence of thyroid lesions was observed in acromegaly patients. However, the change of thyroid after remission of acromegaly was not clear in Chinese populations. The aims were to assess the thyroid structure and function changes before and after transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection in patients with acromegaly and to investigate the correlation between GH, IGF-1, disease duration and thyroid structure and function. Methods : We retrospectively studied 78 patients with acromegaly who underwent surgery between 2015 January and 2018 January at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The pituitary hormone: random growth hormone (GH), nadir GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1); the thyroid hormone: thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3); four parameters of thyroid metabolism: thyroid’s secretory capacity (SPINA-GT), the sum activity of peripheral deiodinases (SPINA-GD), standard TSH index (sTSHI) and thyrotrophic thyroid hormone sensitivity index (TTSI); and thyroid ultrasound were assessed at baseline and 1 year after surgery. Results : Thyroid volume was significantly positively related random GH, nadir GH, and disease duration. TSH, sTSHI and TTSI was negatively related with pituitary hormone while IGF-1 showed a significant positive association with FT4 and SPINA-GT. After transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenoma and over 1 year follow-up, the thyroid volume decreased significantly (p=0.000). T3 (p=0.049) and FT3 (p=0.022) also decreased significantly though within normal ranges. However, no significant changes were found in nodule maximum diameter and sTSHI. Thyroid volume change was positively correlated with GH change and nadir GH change. T3 change as well as SPINA-GD change was positively associated with IGF-1 change. Though no significant difference were observed between controlled patients and those who did not achieved “control” level, control patients had a larger decline in thyroid volume along with a smaller decrease in TSH. Conclusion: Enlarged thyroid volume, prevalent thyroid nodules, suppressive pituitary thyrotrophic function and elevated peripheral thyroid hormones are characteristic in acromegaly. A decrease in GH could have favorable effect on thyroid status on thyroid volume and thyroid hormones, while established thyroid nodules and impaired pituitary thyrotrophic function seemed to change little after surgery.

Structure and function of neural networks in the retina

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Peter Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Visual Axis ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Cat Retina ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

The synaptic connections in cat retina that link photoreceptors to ganglion cells have been analyzed quantitatively. Our approach has been to prepare serial, ultrathin sections and photograph en montage at low magnification (˜2000X) in the electron microscope. Six series, 100-300 sections long, have been prepared over the last decade. They derive from different cats but always from the same region of retina, about one degree from the center of the visual axis. The material has been analyzed by reconstructing adjacent neurons in each array and then identifying systematically the synaptic connections between arrays. Most reconstructions were done manually by tracing the outlines of processes in successive sections onto acetate sheets aligned on a cartoonist's jig. The tracings were then digitized, stacked by computer, and printed with the hidden lines removed. The results have provided rather than the usual one-dimensional account of pathways, a three-dimensional account of circuits. From this has emerged insight into the functional architecture.

Osseointegration interface of calcified bone and endosseous implants

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1096-1097
Author(s):  
K.E. Krizan ◽  
J.E. Laffoon ◽  
M.J. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Endosseous Implants ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Function

With increase use of tissue-integrated prostheses in recent years it is a goal to understand what is happening at the interface between haversion bone and bulk metal. This study uses electron microscopy (EM) techniques to establish parameters for osseointegration (structure and function between bone and nonload-carrying implants) in an animal model. In the past the interface has been evaluated extensively with light microscopy methods. Today researchers are using the EM for ultrastructural studies of the bone tissue and implant responses to an in vivo environment. Under general anesthesia nine adult mongrel dogs received three Brånemark (Nobelpharma) 3.75 × 7 mm titanium implants surgical placed in their left zygomatic arch. After a one year healing period the animals were injected with a routine bone marker (oxytetracycline), euthanized and perfused via aortic cannulation with 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.2. Implants were retrieved en bloc, harvest radiographs made (Fig. 1), and routinely embedded in plastic. Tissue and implants were cut into 300 micron thick wafers, longitudinally to the implant with an Isomet saw and diamond wafering blade [Beuhler] until the center of the implant was reached.

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