Microvasculature of the Urinary Bladder of the Dog: A Study Using Vascular Corrosion Casting

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred E. Hossler ◽  
Race L. Kao
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Corrosion Casting ◽  
Normal Bladder ◽  
And Control

The urinary bladder is an unusual organ in that its normal function includes filling and emptying with alternating changes in internal pressure. Although fluctuations in blood flow to the bladder wall are known to accompany these changes, detailed descriptions of the bladder microvasculature are sparse. The present study uses vascular corrosion casting and scanning electron microscopy to describe the three-dimensional anatomy of the microvasculature of the urinary bladder of the dog. Specialized features of that microvasculature, including collateral circulation, vessel folding, vessel orientation, the presence of valves and sphincters, and mucosal capillary density, that may enhance and control blood flow during normal bladder function, are described and discussed.

Towards a Structurally Based Constitutive Model of Urinary Bladder Wall Tissue Remodeling After Spinal Cord Injury

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Wognum ◽  
Michael S. Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Biomechanical Behavior ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is accompanied by urologic complications, characterized by two phases (early areflexic phase and late hyperreflexic phase), where the routine function of the urinary bladder of storing urine and voiding becomes compromised. In addition to functional deficiencies, these pathologies are often accompanied by changes in bladder wall tissue morphology and mechanical properties. Our experimental studies have revealed that the bladder wall can undergo rapid remodeling post-SCI (figs.1,2) and exhibits complex biomechanical responses (fig.2B) [1,2,3,4]. These remodeling events will result in profound changes in bladder wall biomechanical behavior (fig.2) and ultimately organ function. The specific alterations in mechanical behavior and functional properties of bladder wall tissue and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. A multi-phase structural constitutive model of the bladder wall is clearly needed to understand how changes in various tissue components produce observed changes in bladder function.

scholarly journals Urinary Bladder Contraction and Relaxation: Physiology and Pathophysiology

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 935-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Erik Andersson ◽  
Anders Arner
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Detrusor Smooth Muscle ◽  
Functional Changes

The detrusor smooth muscle is the main muscle component of the urinary bladder wall. Its ability to contract over a large length interval and to relax determines the bladder function during filling and micturition. These processes are regulated by several external nervous and hormonal control systems, and the detrusor contains multiple receptors and signaling pathways. Functional changes of the detrusor can be found in several clinically important conditions, e.g., lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and bladder outlet obstruction. The aim of this review is to summarize and synthesize basic information and recent advances in the understanding of the properties of the detrusor smooth muscle, its contractile system, cellular signaling, membrane properties, and cellular receptors. Alterations in these systems in pathological conditions of the bladder wall are described, and some areas for future research are suggested.

Microvascular Architecture of Mouse Urinary Bladder Described with Vascular Corrosion Casting, Light Microscopy, SEM, and TEM

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1428-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred E. Hossler ◽  
Alois Lametschwandtner ◽  
Race Kao ◽  
Friederike Finsterbusch
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Collateral Circulation ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Genetic Models ◽  
Corrosion Casting ◽  
Sem And Tem ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Human Disorders ◽  
Microvascular Architecture

AbstractThe urinary bladder is a unique organ in that its normal function is storage and release of urine, and vasculature in its wall exhibits specialized features designed to accommodate changes in pressure with emptying and filling. Although we have previously described the fine details of the microvasculature of the urinary bladder of the rabbit and dog, information on the fine details of the microvasculature of the mouse bladder were deemed to be of value because of the increasing use of this species in developing genetic models for studying human disorders. The present study shows that many of the special features of the microvasculature of the mouse urinary bladder are similar to those described in the rabbit and dog, including vessel coiling, abundant collateral circulation, arterial sphincters, and a dense mucosal capillary plexus.

Effect of decreased O2 supply on skeletal muscle oxygenation and O2 consumption during sepsis: role of heterogeneous capillary spacing and blood flow

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (6) ◽  
pp. H2277-H2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Goldman ◽  
Ryon M. Bateman ◽  
Christopher G. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Diffusion Limitation ◽  
Capillary Networks ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
O2 Supply ◽  
Increased Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Flow Heterogeneity

One of the main aspects of the initial phase of the septic inflammatory response to a bacterial infection is abnormal microvascular perfusion, including decreased functional capillary density (FCD) and increased blood flow heterogeneity. On the other hand, one of the most important phenomena observed in the later stages of sepsis is an increased dependence of tissue O2 utilization on the convective O2 supply. This “pathological supply dependency” is associated with organ failure and poor clinical outcomes. Here, a detailed theoretical model of capillary-to-tissue O2 transport during sepsis is used to examine the origins of abnormal supply dependency. With use of three-dimensional arrays of capillaries with heterogeneous spacing and blood flow, steady-state O2 transport is simulated numerically during reductions in the O2 supply. Increased supply dependency is shown to occur in sepsis for hypoxic (decreased hemoglobin O2 saturation) and stagnant (decreased blood flow) hypoxia. For stagnant hypoxia, a reduction in FCD with decreasing blood flow is necessary to obtain the observed increase in supply dependency. Our results imply that supply dependency observed under normal conditions does not have its origin at the level of individual capillaries. In sepsis, however, diffusion limitation and shunting of O2 by individual capillaries occur to a degree that is dependent on the heterogeneity of septic injury and the arrangement of capillary networks. Thus heterogeneous stoppage of individual capillaries is a likely factor in pathological supply dependency.

scholarly journals Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging in Diagnosis of Superficial and Invasive Urinary Bladder Carcinoma: A Preliminary Prospective Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed El-Assmy ◽  
Mohamed E. Abou-El-Ghar ◽  
Huda F. Refaie ◽  
Tarek El-Diasty
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Normal Bladder ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Bladder Carcinomas

We conducted a prospective study to demonstrate the feasibility of using diffusionweighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of urinary bladder carcinomas. Between January to June 2007, 43 patients with single bladder tumor were included in our study. Before taking a biopsy, DW MRI was obtained in the axial plane under free breathing scanning with a multisection, spin-echo type, single-shot echo planar sequence with a body coil. Moreover, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value was measured in a circular region of interest within the carcinoma, urine, normal bladder wall, prostate, and seminal vesicle. All carcinomas in the 43 patients were clearly shown as high signal intensity relative to the surrounding structure. The sensitivity and positive predictive values of DW MRI were 100% in terms of correctly detecting the carcinomas. The ADC value in the carcinoma (1.40 ± 0.51) was significantly lower compared with that of urine (3.50 ± 0.43) (p< 0.001), normal bladder wall (2.29 ± 0.78) (p< 0.001), peripheral zone of prostate (1.77 ± 0.44) (p< 0.05), transition zone of prostate (1.88 ± 0.54) (p< 0.05), and the seminal vesicle (2.12 ± 0.43) (p< 0.001). There was no statistical difference in ADC values between different histological subtypes. There was no overlap between the ADC values of the tumors and the urine, but there was no clear cutoff between the tumor and bladder wall, prostate, or seminal vesicles. Bladder carcinomas have significantly lower ADC when compared to surroundings. Clinical experience with this method is still preliminary and further studies are required.

Role of vasoactive drugs in the OAB complex treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Salman Kh. Al-Shukri ◽  
Igor V. Kuzmin ◽  
Anton G. Boriskin ◽  
Margarita N. Slesarevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Vasoactive Drugs ◽  
Anticholinergic Therapy ◽  
Flow Disturbances ◽  
Urinary Bladder Wall

Aim of the study.To investigate the vasoactive drugs for urinary bladder wall ischemia correction, based on its role in OAB pathogenesis. Patients and methods.OAB treatment in 150 women was performed. In addition to the standard anticholinergic therapy microcirculation corrector was prescribed to some patients with insufficient treatment efficacy. Results.The combination of simultaneous prescription of anticholinergic and vasoactive drugs was effective for OAB treatment. The treatment resulted in significant decrease of the OAB symptoms. Conclusion.Low efficacy of M-cholinolytic therapy of the OAB patients is determined by the blood flow disturbances in the urinary bladder wall. It is reasonable to include the vasoactive drugs in complex OAB therapy.

A study of the microvasculature of the normal rabbit bladder with vascular corrosion casting, SEM and TEM

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
Fred E. Hossler ◽  
Frederick C. Monson
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Corrosion Casting ◽  
Mucosal Regeneration ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Rabbit Bladder ◽  
Urine Storage ◽  
Surgically Induced

The mammalian urinary bladder performs two functions, urine storage and expulsion. Bladder function is dependent upon the delivery of oxygen and nutrients via a rich blood supply, yet studies of the bladder vasculature during distension have concluded that blood flow is restricted during filling. Following surgically induced ischemia, regeneration of the wall and its vasculature have been reported but not described in detail. Beyond the gross level, the functional vascular anatomy of the bladder wall is poorly understood. Preliminary to studies of angiogenesis and mucosal regeneration following ischemia, and vascular accommodation during distension, the present study utilizes routine transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy, and vascular corrosion casting (VCC) to describe the normal microvasculature of the rabbit bladder.Bladders were perfuse fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.3, for routine TEM and SEM. Thin sections were cut from Araldyte and stained with lead and uranium for TEM, and samples were critical point dried from ethanol and CO2 for SEM.

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