scholarly journals ABSENT CADENCES

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANUTA MIRKA
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Music Theory ◽  
Slow Movement ◽  
Incidental Music ◽  
Musical Comedy ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Rhetorical Figure ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
John Owen ◽  
Music Theorist

ABSTRACTThe slow movement of Symphony No. 64 in A major, ‘Tempora mutantur’, has long intrigued Haydn scholars on account of its absent cadences and enigmatic form. The Latin title of the symphony is thought to be derived from the epigram by John Owen, a near-contemporary of Shakespeare, and it was used by Elaine Sisman to support her hypothesis that the slow movement formed part of Haydn's incidental music for Shakespeare's Hamlet. The enigma can be explained through an analysis informed by concepts native to eighteenth-century music theory. The absent cadences create instances of ellipsis, a rhetorical figure described by Johann Adolph Scheibe and Johann Nikolaus Forkel, and the form plays with a familiar template codified by Heinrich Christoph Koch. This analysis leads to a different interpretation. Rather than suggesting the protagonist of Shakespeare's tragedy, the movement stages a fictive composer in an act of musical comedy not dissimilar to that in Symphony No. 60, ‘Il Distratto’. The title comes not from Owen but from a Latin adage that was incorporated by Owen into his epigram. This adage had been popular in Germany since the Reformation and was then applied by one eighteenth-century music theorist to describe changes of musical conventions.

Anne Young’s Musical Games (1801): Music Theory, Gender, and Game Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmel Raz
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Music Theory ◽  
Game Design ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Board Game ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Music Theorist

In 1801, the Scottish music theorist Anne Young (1756-1827) created an elaborate board game set designed to teach musical fundamentals. This video offers some thoughts on the creation and reception of her works, contextualizing their creation and reception within the history of education in late eighteenth century Britain.

Anne Young’s Introduction to Music (1803): Pedagogical, Speculative, and Ludic Music Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmel Raz
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Music Theory ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Board Game ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Scottish Music ◽  
Music Theorist

In 1801, the Scottish music theorist Anne Young (1756-1827) created an elaborate board game set designed to teach musical fundamentals. This video offers some thoughts on the creation and reception of her works, contextualizing their creation and reception within the history of education in late eighteenth century Britain.

The Nonconformist Inheritance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
John Bunyan ◽  
John Wesley ◽  
Religious Attitudes ◽  
Pilgrim's Progress ◽  
The Many ◽  
John Owen

This chapter analyses the editions, abridgements, and recommendations of texts by seventeenth-century nonconformists that were made by eighteenth-century dissenters, Methodists, and Church of England evangelicals. The nonconformist writers they chose include Joseph Alleine, Richard Baxter, John Flavel, John Owen, and John Bunyan. The editors and recommenders include Philip Doddridge, John Wesley, Edward Williams, Benjamin Fawcett, George Burder, John Newton, William Mason, and Thomas Scott. Detailed accounts are provided of the large number of Baxter’s works that were edited, notably A Call to the Unconverted and The Saints Everlasting Rest, and a case study is devoted to the many annotated editions of Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress and the ways in which they were used. The editors took into account length, intelligibility, religious attitudes, and cost, and sometimes criticized their rivals’ versions on theological grounds.

“Modern Biography”: Form, Function, and Celebrity in Eighteenth-Century Genre Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-55
Author(s):  
Eve Tavor Bannet
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Genre Theory ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Comprehensive Theory ◽  
Form Function ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Periodical Essays

This essay outlines the comprehensive theory of “modern” eighteenth-century biography that was articulated throughout the century in the often lengthy prefaces to collections of lives, disseminated in periodical essays, and applied in reviews to stand-alone lives. This theory addressed the proper selection, presentation, and treatment of both individual and collected “lives.” It gave biography national, historical, commercial, and educational functions; detailed the components of its life-historical narrative and of its critical portions; set standards for what constituted “a fair and full account” of a character, life, and works; and contained in embryo virtually all aspects of biography that would later be singled out as the primary or most valued characteristic of biographical writing. This essay describes the ways biographers and theorists confronted and resolved two ubiquitous difficulties arising from their consensus that “fame or celebrity among us in their generation” was “the grand principle” on which biography was founded: first, how to “do justice” to a person on the basis of sources and testimonials that reflected the partisanship of a country “rent by faction” since the Reformation; and second, how to represent people who had been celebrated in their own time, but not in the biographer's later generation.

scholarly journals PROPORTIONATE MAIMING: THE ORIGINS OF THOMAS JEFFERSON'S PROVISIONS FOR FACIAL DISFIGUREMENT IN BILL 64

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 127-151
Author(s):  
Emily Cock
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Thomas Jefferson ◽  
Facial Appearance ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Facial Disfigurement ◽  
The Law ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Facial Difference

ABSTRACTIn 1779, Thomas Jefferson proposed the use of nose-cutting to punish women convicted of specific offences, and the use of retaliation (lex talionis) for anyone who deliberately disfigured another person. These punishments were intended to replace the death penalty for these crimes, and as such formed part of Jefferson's attempt to rationalise the Virginian law code in line with eighteenth-century reform principles. Jefferson drew on British laws from the Anglo-Saxon period to the Coventry Act for his bill, but his proposals contrast strikingly with British movements away from corporal marking as punishment used against their own citizens. This article examines the origins and fates of equivalent crimes and punishments in the law codes Jefferson examined, and compares the legal and wider connotations of facial appearance and disfigurement that made these proposals coherent in Virginia when they had long ceased elsewhere. Tracing examples and discussion of these intersecting cases will greatly increase our understanding of Jefferson's proposals, and the relationships between facial difference, stigma and disability in eighteenth-century America.

The Anglican Hierarchy and the Reformation of Manners 1688–1738

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Isaacs
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Church Historians

Few have studied the early eighteenth-century Church. Caught between puritan triumphs and the Methodist revival, its polemics and efforts at rejuvenation have gone largely unnoticed. Those historians who have noticed describe an Anglican hierarchy lacking in talent and drive and a population devoid of piety and religious fervour. Both of these images are incorrect, as more recent scholarship has begun to suggest. Church historians now concentrate primarily on biographies of famous ecclesiastics and monographs (and articles) on some of the more lively events such as SacheverelPs trial and the Convocation controversy. But no one has systematically explored the Church's attempts to combat the decline brought about by the Toleration Act of 1689 and by its own avoidance of earlier enthusiasms.

HERMENEUTICS AND THE NEW FORMENLEHRE: AN INTERPRETATION OF HAYDN'S ‘OXFORD’ SYMPHONY, FIRST MOVEMENT

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHEW RILEY
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Music Theory ◽  
Human Action ◽  
First Century ◽  
Sonata Form ◽  
Primary Mode ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Twenty First Century

This article establishes a dialogue between twenty-first-century music theory and historical modes of enquiry, adapting the new Formenlehre (Caplin, Hepokoski/Darcy) to serve a historically oriented hermeneutics. An analytical case study of the first movement of Haydn's Symphony No. 92 (1789) traces the changing functional meanings of the opening ‘caesura prolongation phrase’. The substance of the exposition consists largely of things functionally ‘before-the-beginning’ and ‘after-the-end’, while the recapitulation follows a logic of suspense and surprise, keeping the listener continually guessing. The analysis calls into question Hepokoski and Darcy's restriction of the mode of signification of sonata-form movements to the narration of human action. The primary mode of signification of the recapitulation is indexical: it stands as the effect of a human cause. This account matches late eighteenth-century concepts of ‘genius’.

Reformation without end

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
English Reformation ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Civil Unrest ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Reformation

Reformation without end reinterprets the English Reformation. No one in eighteenth-century England thought that they lived during ‘the Enlightenment’. Instead, they thought that they still faced the religious, intellectual and political problems unleashed by the Reformation, which began in the sixteenth century. They faced those problems, though, in the aftermath of two bloody seventeenth-century political and religious revolutions. This book is about the ways the eighteenth-century English debated the causes and consequences of those seventeenth-century revolutions. Those living in post-revolutionary England conceived themselves as living in the midst of the very thing which they thought had caused the revolutions: the Reformation. The reasons for and the legacy of the Reformation remained hotly debated in post-revolutionary England because the religious and political issues it had generated remained unresolved and that irresolution threatened more civil unrest. For this reason, most that got published during the eighteenth century concerned religion. This book looks closely at the careers of four of the eighteenth century’s most important polemical divines, Daniel Waterland, Conyers Middleton, Zachary Grey and William Warburton. It relies on a wide range of manuscript sources, including annotated books and unpublished drafts, to show how eighteenth-century authors crafted and pitched their works.

Reformed Theology and Medieval Theology

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
Christopher Cleveland
Keyword(s):  
Reformed Theology ◽  
Medieval Theology ◽  
Doctrine Of God ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
John Owen ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the relationship between medieval theology and Reformed theology. The Reformation broke with medieval thought upon key issues, but in many areas, medieval influence remained. Many of the Reformers, including Luther, Zwingli, Bucer, and Vermigli, were trained in various forms of medieval thought, such as Thomism, Scotism, and Nominalism. Calvin was unique in that he was mostly self-trained in theology, although the nature of his training remains disputed. As Reformed theology became institutionalized, medieval theology became a valuable tool in the defence of Reformed thought, as exemplified in the writings of John Owen and Francis Turretin. The chapter also examines Reformed theology in the areas of the doctrine of God, of providence, of predestination, of sanctification, and of the person of Christ, noting the influence of medieval thought upon the formulation of these doctrines.

Religious Societies and the Origins of Methodism

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry D. Rack
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
The Reformation

Even the darkest accounts of the eighteenth-century Church of England have generally singled out the religious societies of (various sorts as a bright spark in the gathering Latitudinarian gloom. They included: private devotional groups (‘the religious societies’); the Societies for the Reformation of Manners (referred to here as ‘the SRMs’); the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (SPG); and the Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge (SPCK), which also supported charity schools. Taken together, these activities seem to add up to a considerable movement of religious renewal. The devotional religious societies are of particular interest because of their problematical relationship to the origins of the evangelical revival and of Methodism in particular. The present paper is mainly concerned with this question.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document