TOPOI – A method for analysing settlement units and their linkages in an urban–rural fabric

Many years, urbanisation research has largely focused the development of urban agglomerations and megacity regions, whereas less attention was paid on the development of medium-sized cities, small towns, villages, or rural areas. Yet many interrelations and spatial linkages between urban and rural areas exist. In this paper, we present a novel method called ‘TOPOI’ for the integrated analysis and description of settlement units in an urban–rural setting. The TOPOI-method enhances the understanding of the built environment by clustering and describing settlement units of similar characteristics with view to their physical form, function, and connectivity. The method is built on known planning parameters, but does not limit the analysis of settlement units to their administrative boundaries. Based on 11 indicators, 13 TOPOI-classes were identified in two exemplary study regions revealing new insights into urban–rural settlement types. This allows a better understanding of urban–rural linkages and therefore opens up new pathways for a more sustainable development.

Revitalizing Local Wisdom in Balinese Simile: An Effort to Enhance Balinese Youth Character

The moral message in local languages is often referred to as local wisdom. Local wisdom plays a very important role in people's lives since it is used as a means and basis for solving their encountered various problems. As one of the big local languages in Indonesia, the Balinese language contains many figurative languages that are rich in local wisdom values. The values have proven to be a shield to protect the Balinese people and their culture from the globalization attack. For this reason, local wisdom found in Balinese figurative language needs to be revitalized to be understood and implemented by the younger generation of Bali. One of the figurative languages studied in this study is the simile. Similes of the Balinese language are studied by combining three approaches, namely ecolinguistic, pragmatic, and cultural approaches, to reach detailed analysis results. Simile as part of a metaphor is an expression or discourse conveyed by the speaker indirectly to the interlocutor with certain aims and objectives. The ecolinguistic approach examines the form, function, and meaning or ideology contained in metaphorical language. Meanwhile, a pragmatic approach and a cultural approach are used to assist the ecolinguistic approach in uncovering the functions of figurative language in society and explaining the meaning or ideology existing in Balinese society. The values were reviewed for relevance to the current people's lives contaminated by information technology and tourism development.

Investigation on form and energy use of the rural residences in Beijing and surrounding cold areas under the self-sufficiency perspective

As a design theory on energy-saving housing, Self-sufficiency house is suited to the environment conditions of cold rural areas in China. Investigation on the rural residence form and energy use is the important foundation to carry out the research and design practice on self-sufficiency house. Taking Beijing and its surrounding rural areas as target, the paper combs current situation and technical requirements of rural residence based on self-sufficiency perspective. After surveying general residential condition and data, it analyzes the form, function, energy use and heating technology of rural residence, which will provide basic data and reference for post-study.

EXPLORING BROWN AND LEVINSON’S POLITENESS THEORY AND THE FORM-FUNCTION FIT IN REQUESTS IN JANE AUSTEN’S PRIDE AND PREJUDICE FROM A RELEVANCE-THEORETIC, CONSTRUCTIONIST, AND CONTRASTIVE PERSPECTIVE

The aim of this work is to demonstrate and illustrate the pervasive existence of points of convergence between literature and language in general and form and meaning in particular. Specifically, the connection between language and literature is explored with specific reference to one of the germinal works of English literature, Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice in the light of the principles and taxonomies of Brown and Levinson’s Politeness Theory, with special focus on requests. A further twist added to the analysis presented in this work comes from a relatively fine-nuanced contrastive (English-Spanish) analysis of requests strategies using as the database of analysis a Spanish translation of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice (Rodríguez, 2018).

Form Follows Function: A Statement Taken too far

This research article examines the study of the philosophy behind the statement "Form Follows Function", its relation to modernist architecture and its interpretation in contemporary architecture. It explains the basic principles of this philosophy, which began with the work of Louis Sullivan and how this statement actually came into existence. It defines the basic terms and vocabulary of this philosophy. It identifies the concepts of this philosophy that were transferred to architecture and became the basis of modernist architectural style. Modernist projects and buildings are very functional and lack any kind of ornamentation. The “transfer” of the concepts of form follow function to architecture was very direct and literal, this is the reason why it isn't suitable for the contemporary world. Moreover, the time when this statement was given was the time when world war one had just taken place and a fast and low funded restoration of infrastructure was needed. There is not any such kind of need in the contemporary world. The technology has advanced to such an extent that the functions can be fit into even the strangest forms which us to experiment. enables The focus is now more on the forms and the aesthetics which has been highly employed in the deconstructivist style. The new concept of adaptive reuse cannot be employed in the modernist architecture which is a big disadvantage. Keywords: form, function, modernism, post modernism

Mettere in questione l’ornamento attraverso un approccio morfologico al visibile

The paper investigates the question of the ornament starting from a parallelism between biological- architectural ornaments and decorative-artistic ones. The element of innovation and the emergency of the ornament allow to consider images as if they were living organisms and to highlight their becoming through new forms. Starting from a morphological point of view, from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe to the contemporary morphology, the ornament is strictly connected to the dynamics of forms and to a particular approach to the visible. The ornamental dynamics, according to the binomial form-function, open the dimension of the visible to new perspectives and foreshadow potentially infinite changes. The essay analyzes the consequences in the production of visible forms and in the attribution of meanings, but also the political function of images, with particular reference to the idea of an economy of visible forms.

Semantic Reasoning of Product Biologically Inspired Design Based on BERT

Bionic reasoning is a significant process in product biologically inspired design (BID), in which designers search for creatures and products that are matched for design. Several studies have tried to assist designers in bionic reasoning, but there are still limits. Designers’ bionic reasoning thinking in product BID is vague, and there is a lack of fuzzy semantic search methods at the sentence level. This study tries to assist designers’ bionic semantic reasoning in product BID. First, experiments were conducted to determine the designer’s bionic reasoning thinking in top-down and bottom-up processes. Bionic mapping relationships, including affective perception, form, function, material, and environment, were obtained. Second, the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) pretraining model was used to calculate the semantic similarity of product description sentences and biological sentences so that designers could choose the high-ranked results to finish bionic reasoning. Finally, we used a product BID example to show the bionic semantic reasoning process and verify the feasibility of the method.

Form-function dialectics in the analysis of irony in political discourse

In this paper, I analyze the construction of the trope of irony in a political interview, more specifically the interview with a Spanish politician on television in 2013. Its context is the emergence of the 15M, a citizen’s protest movement against the cuts imposed by the European Union and the Spanish Government. From a theoretical-methodological point of view, I adopt a holistic perspective, inspired by Halliday’s approach of jointly analysing the form-function relationship and White’s constructivism. I also review the different definitions and explanations of irony. After analysing the formal resources that construct irony, I give an account of the cognitive frameworks that are opposed in this discourse, and finally describe their narrative disposition and the communicative functions that those resources fulfill.

Monumen Perjuangan Masyarakat Cupak Ditinjau Dari Segi Bentuk, Fungsi Dan Tata Letak

This study discusses the Cupak Community Struggle Monument in Solok Regency in terms of form, function, and layout. In addition, we briefly discuss the brief history behind the monument's establishment. This study uses a qualitative approach which includes observations, interviews, literature studies, and research is carried out directly to the field, namely to the Cupak area in Solok Regency, West Sumatra. Based on the results of the research conducted, it is known that the construction of the Cupak Community Struggle Monument aims to commemorate the period of the Cupak people's struggle against the Japanese army, and the shape of the monument is a visual representation of 3 warriors including statues consisting of figures dressed in Indonesian soldiers, Japanese soldiers, and community warrior. The layout of the Cupak Community Struggle Monument is closely related to the function of the monument itself, a monument that has a social function and a physical function, namely a monument which, if created and viewed on a public scale, means that it can reach the wider community.