scholarly journals Microwave Mechanisms — The Energy/Heat Dichoto

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose J. Galvez ◽  
Richard T. Giberson ◽  
Robert D. Cardiff
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Antigen Retrieval ◽  
Microwave Technology ◽  
Plastic Embedding ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Histological Staining

The current use of microwave technology in science creates a dichotomy. Is it the heat or is it the energy? One entire branch of science, chemistry, uses microwave energy to apply heat to a broad range of chemical processes, under pressure, to produce the desired end-products quickly and efficiently (1). The biological sciences, surgical pathology in particular, have tried to adapt the microwave oven to speed up a broad range of processes: fixation, decalcification, antigen retrieval, tissue processing for paraffin and plastic embedding, and histological staining, including special stains, immunolabeling, and in situ hybridization (2). The biologists have assumed that they are also applying heat to speed processing. However, recent improvements in the microwave suggest that the energy is the critical variable (9). We have designed fixation experiments to test the two views.

Microwave Processing of Cell Monolayers in Situ for Postembedding Immunocytochemistry with Retention of Ultrastructure and Antigenicity

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 854-855
Author(s):  
Victoria J. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Cell Monolayers ◽  
Acrylic Resins ◽  
Transmission Electron

Increasingly, cells isolated from blood and body fluids and cells grown in culture are becoming the experimental models of choice for biological research. The demand for demonstrating biochemical processes morphologically is also becoming commonplace in the electron microscopy laboratory. Successful fixation, in situ embedment, and ultrathinsectioning of cell monolayers can be difficult to achieve for routine transmission electron microscopy. For postembedding immunocytochemistry, processing becomes more complex due to fixation constraints and the use of acrylic resins. The object of this paper is to present a reliable, rapid method for processing monolayers that preserves both the ultrastructure of the cells and antigenicity.The equipment used for this procedure was a Pelco Model 3440 MAX laboratory microwave oven equipped with a temperature probe and a maximum power output of 800 watts. Using a neon bulb array, the oven cavity is calibrated to determine the microwave energy distribution.

scholarly journals Days Can Be Converted To Hours, Minutes or Even Seconds When Using Microwave Technology in the Lab

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
Richard T. Giberson ◽  
Richard S. Demaree ◽  
Steven B. Lee ◽  
Michi Lee
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Microwave Technology ◽  
Casual Observer

What happens when a cup of water and two ice cubes, contained in a bowl, are placed side by side in an 800 watt microwave oven and microwaved for two minutes at 100% power? The answer may not be obvious, even to the most ardent microwave user. The water will boil and the ice will remain essentially unmelted. This dichotomy of the results may appear puzzling to the casual observer, or may explain why your food does not defrost quite evenly. To the microwave, however, it all makes sense. Water is a dielectric and absorbs microwave energy. The net result is that it heats up. The ice under the above conditions is essentially transparent to the microwave and does not heat. It would take an ice wall greater than 30 meters thick (3.4 cm for 25° C water) to protect you from the microwave energy emitted by the standard household microwave, whereas a >170 nm thick piece of aluminum foil is all that is required to reflect that same energy.

Study the Effect of Using Microwave Energy in Chemical Processes for Dyeing and Printing Pretreatments of Cotton Fabrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Lina Mohammad Almirdash ◽  
Ziad Saffour
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Color Strength ◽  
Heating Method ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Dye Solutions

The research focuses on studying the effect of microwave energy as an alternative heating method on dyeing and printing pretreatments of cotton fabrics. In this research, a microwave oven was used to heat the solutions which used in de-sizing, scouring, bleaching and mercerizing processes at different energy levels. The results showed the importance of this heating method in improving desizing efficiency where the best result was obtained at 180 W and 24 min and this method was beneficial in saving energy and time. The best result in scouring was obtained at 720 watts and 24 minutes, whereas at 720 watts and 20 minutes was the best result in bleaching. We can save energy, time and chemicals compared with the conventional method. The mercerizing by microwave increased the absorption of dye solutions for the samples compared with the traditional method, where the color strength increased by increasing the treatment time and the level of energy in the microwave and the best result was obtained at 900 watts and 90 seconds.

scholarly journals Diagnostics of Nitrogen-methane Atmospheric Glow Discharge Used for a Mimic of Prebiotic Atmosphere

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
V. Mazánková ◽  
L. Töröková ◽  
D. Trunec ◽  
F. Krčma ◽  
S. Matejčík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Previous Investigation ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Planetary Atmosphere ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Prebiotic Atmosphere ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Complex Chemistry ◽  
Life On Earth

The exploration of planetary atmosphere is being advanced by the exciting results of the Cassin-Huygens mission to Titan. The complex chemistry revealed in such atmospheres leading to the synthesis of bigger molecules is providing new insights into our understanding of how life on Earth developed. This work extends our previous investigation of nitrogen-methane (N<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>4</sub>) atmospheric glow discharge for simulation chemical processes in prebiotic atmospheres. In presented experiments 2 % of water vapor were addet to nitrogen-methane gas mixture. Exhaust products of discharge in this gas mixture were in-situ analysed by Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy (FTIR). The major products identified in spectra were: hydrogen cyanide, acetylene and acetonitrile.

The Study on Organic Acid Detection Using Lon Chromatography

2012 ◽  
Vol 424-425 ◽  
pp. 923-926
Author(s):  
Xiao Jian Hu ◽  
Wen Chen ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Jin Ping Zhou ◽  
Bao Shou Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Convenient Method ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Good Recovery ◽  
Microwave Technology ◽  
Trace Level ◽  
Recovery Treatment ◽  
Technology Foundation

A simple and convenient method for the determination of μ g/l level in the real drinking water bromate overcome traditional methods of defects. Argentina by electrolyzing the smallest electrode interference and then focus on extra chlorine use microwave technology foundation evaporation and concentration, the proposed method is very sensitive to the determination of trace level of the sales of the drinking water. And a microwave oven, drinking water ten times the sample can be concentrated in 10 minutes can get and good recovery. Treatment of the silver electrode, the method of interference, and can effectively eliminate the Cl- This method is successfully applied to the detection in water sample level in the trace. It is the advantage of the operation is simple, fast, high sensitivity, accurate results. This method can be applied widely, suitable for trace analysis of water samples.

In Situ Investigations into Chemical Processes by Electron-Energy-Resolved X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

2004 ◽  
Vol 116 (28) ◽  
pp. 3777-3781
Author(s):  
Antje Vollmer ◽  
John D. Lipp ◽  
Helmut Weiss ◽  
Rachel O'Malley ◽  
Trevor Rayment
Keyword(s):  
Electron Energy ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Heat Transfer to Oil Shale in a Closely Spaced Bundle as an Approximation to a Packed Bed

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-317
Author(s):  
K. S. Udell ◽  
H. R. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Tube Bundle ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Cylindrical Sample ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Thermal Processes ◽  
Gas Temperature

The heat transfer to a single cylindrical sample of oil shale in a staggered tube bundle was studied both numerically and experimentally in order to evaluate the thermal and chemical processes associated with the retorting of oil shale in packed beds particular to in-situ processing. The cylinders were subjected to constant gas temperatures and to gas temperature histories experienced in an actual combustion retort. The results of the numerical modeling were compared with the experimental data in order to evaluate the model’s performance. It was found that the model satisfactorily described the thermal processes experienced during the combustion retorting of oil shale within the limits of the accuracy of published data on oil shale thermal properties and chemical kinetics. Net heat transfer to cylindrical oil shale samples in a staggered bundle configuration was also calculated and was shown to nearly duplicate published data related to gas-solid heat transfer in a packed bed combustion retort.

Vapor-assisted crystallization of in situ glycine-modified UiO-66 with enhanced CO2 adsorption

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yugo Fujimoto ◽  
Yasuhiro Shu ◽  
Yurika Taniguchi ◽  
Koji Miyake ◽  
Yoshiaki Uchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Adsorption ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Promising Material

UiO-66, composed of Zr6O4(OH)4 cluster and 1,4-benzene dicarboxylate, is a promising material for practical chemical processes because it is known as one of the most thermally and chemically stable Metal...

Diagnostics and monitoring of the longest span extradosed bridge in Europe

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikołaj Miśkiewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
Post Tension ◽  
Cantilever Construction ◽  
Final Acceptance ◽  
Acceptance Tests

<p>The article presents complex diagnostic procedures applied for the purpose of behavior analysis of the extradosed bridge with the longest span in Europe that was built in 2018 in Poland. The system of health monitoring was used to: register internal forces in temporary supports, monitor concrete bonding, perform in situ diagnostics and operation tests. The bridge is a continuous four‐span structure with spans theoretical lengths equaling: 132.5+206.0+206.0+132.5 m. During the construction of the bridge, two technical monitoring systems were used. As a consequence of their application, it was possible to carry out works with the lowest level of risk and therefore the work schedule was accelerated. The first of systems was designed to measure forces transferred to temporary supports during cantilever construction stages. The second system was designed to measure changes of the strength of curing concrete, after it was poured at the site, which allowed to speed up the removal of the scaffoldings and post‐tension of cross section with cables. When the bridge was finished, a Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system was installed and final acceptance tests were launched. The obtained results were used to validate theoretical assumptions done at the stage of the bridge structural design and provided insight into the complex bridge behavior.</p>

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