Evaluation of different Ethiopian common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae) genotypes for host resistance to the Mexican bean weevil, Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiferaw G. Tigist ◽  
Rob Melis ◽  
Julia Sibiya ◽  
Gemechu Keneni
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
National Level ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Bean Weevil ◽  
Zabrotes Subfasciatus ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

AbstractCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) is amongst the most important grain legume crops in Africa in general, and Ethiopia in particular. The Mexican been weevil (Zabrotes subfasciatusBoheman) heavily attacks the grain of common bean. A total of 300 common bean entries were subjected to a ‘no-choice’ test at Melkassa Agricultural Research Centre, Ethiopia, using a randomized complete block design with three replications, to evaluate for resistance to the Mexican bean weevil. Data on insect and seed traits were collected and a significant level (P<0.01) of variation in all parameters measured was observed amongst genotypes. Relative resistance was recorded in landraces, improved genotypes and breeding lines, but the resistant genotypes, RAZ-11, RAZ-36, RAZ-2, RAZ-44, RAZ-120, RAZ-40 and MAZ-203, showed consistently complete resistance, with zero index of susceptibility value. Two other promising entries were also identified from the breeding lines (SCR-11) and landrace collections (NC-16) of Ethiopia. Stratified ranking diagrams showed that accessions from different eco-geographical origins in Ethiopia and those with different colours showed different patterns of response to infestation. The Ethiopian bean breeding programme should take up the resistant genotypes for a comprehensive yield trial at the national level and direct release them as commercial varieties. The incorporation of bean weevil resistance genes into adapted varieties through backcross breeding techniques, supported with marker assisted selection, seems to be the best strategy not only in terms of time saving but also in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.

Biochemical bases of seed resistance to Zabrotes subfasciatus (bean weevil) in Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean); A mechanism for arcelin toxicity

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 757-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.Hugo P. Minney ◽  
Angharad M.R. Gatehouse ◽  
Philip Dobie ◽  
Julie Dendy ◽  
Cesar Cardona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Bean Weevil ◽  
Zabrotes Subfasciatus ◽  
Seed Resistance

scholarly journals Identification of Phaeoisariopsis griseola pathotypes from five States in Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALOISIO SARTORATO
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Angular Leaf Spot ◽  
Phaeoisariopsis Griseola ◽  
Moist Chamber ◽  
Differential Cultivars ◽  
Pathogenic Variability ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Due to the increased importance of angular leaf spot of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Brazil, monitoring the pathogenic variability of its causal agent (Phaeoisariopsis griseola) is the best strategy for a breeding program aimed at developing resistant genotypes. Fifty one isolates of P. griseola collected in five Brazilian States were tested on a set of 12 international differential cultivars in the greenhouse. When inoculated plants showed symptoms but no sporulation was observed, they were transferred to a moist chamber for approximately 20-24 h. After this period of time, if no sporulation was observed, the plants were considered resistant; otherwise, they were considered susceptible. From the fifty-one tested isolates, seven different pathotypes were identified. No Andean pathotypes were identified; consequently, all isolates were classified as Middle American pathotypes. Pathotype 63-31 was the most widespread. Pathotype 63-63 overcame resistance genes present in all differential cultivars and also the resistance gene(s) present in the cultivar AND 277. This fact has important implications for breeding angular leaf spot resistance in beans, and suggests that searching for new resistance genes to angular leaf spot must be pursued.

Alert common bean

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Mündel ◽  
F. A. Kiehn ◽  
G. Saindon ◽  
H. C. Huang ◽  
R. L. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Bean Common Mosaic Virus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Alert is a high-yielding, semi-erect great northern common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar. It was developed from a series of crosses at the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, on contract to the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Research Centre, Lethbridge, with cooperation from the AAFC Morden Research Station. Alert is well adapted to the eastern Canadian prairies, yielding significantly higher than the check cultivar, US1140, at 130% in the official Manitoba Dry Bean Co-operative Registration Trials. Alert is moderately resistant to white mold and resistant to races 1 and 15 of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). It is susceptible to the alpha and alpha Brazil races of anthracnose, but resistant to the delta race. Key words: Common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, great northern bean, cultivar description, high yield

scholarly journals Farmers’ Perceptions of Mexican Bean Weevil, Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman), and Pest Management Practices in Southern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tariku Mesele ◽  
Kumela Dibaba ◽  
Esayas Mendesil
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Bean Weevil ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Zabrotes Subfasciatus ◽  
The Common ◽  
Handling Practices

The common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., is one of the most important sources of protein in Ethiopia and other developing countries. However, the Mexican bean weevil, Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman), is a major constraint of stored common bean that causes qualitative and quantitative losses. This study was conducted to assess farmers’ knowledge and perceptions of Mexican bean weevil, to examine farmers’ pest management practices, and to identify challenges of pest management practices to develop integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. A survey of 148 smallholder common bean farmers was conducted at Mareka and Loma districts in southern Ethiopia. The majority (75%) of the farmers stored common bean in polypropylene bags while less than 10% of the farmers stored beans in ‘Diya’ (a traditional storage structure). Most (60.8%) farmers stored their beans in seed (threshed) form, and the majority (63.5%) of them stored their beans for 3-5 months. The majority of the farmers had knowledge about the Mexican bean weevil; they could identify damaged seeds based on the ‘holes’ on the seed (72.3%) and circular ‘windows’ on the seed (20.0%). About 45% of the farmers mentioned the high amount of loss at the time of storage. In addition, most farmers (53.4%) estimated 26-50% loss in storage. Most farmers reported the use of pesticidal plants for control of Mexican bean weevil, while only a few farmers reported they had applied insecticide in their store. Education level and family size had a positive and statistically significant impact on the use of pesticidal plants for the control of Mexican bean weevil. Furthermore, education level also influences the use of chemical insecticide. Results highlighted the need to use improved storage technology and to train farmers in postharvest handling practices as a component to develop IPM approach in order to minimize losses occurring along the value chains of the common bean.

scholarly journals Severe outbreak of Fusarium wilt on common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) caused by Fusarium oxysporum in the Maule Region, central Chile

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo A Díaz ◽  
Ricardo Cabeza ◽  
Ramon Amigo ◽  
Elizabeth Llancamil ◽  
Osvaldo Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Bean Plants

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important grain legume cultivated worldwide as food for humans and livestock (Schwartz et al., 2005). Common beans in central Chile reach up to 3,893 ha from which 1,069 ha are located in the Maule region. Common bean is produced by small farmers who have limited access to fertilization, technical irrigation, and crop protection. In spring 2018, bean plants initially showed a slight yellowing and premature senescence 50 days after sowing (das) until showing wilting symptoms (70 -100 das) in Curepto fields (35 05'S; 72 01'W), Maule region. The basal part of affected plants displayed internal reddish-brown discoloration of the vascular tissues. Based on the plant external symptoms, we estimated an incidence between 15% and 45% in bean fields. Nine symptomatic plants were collected, and surface washed with sterile water and disinfested with 75% ethanol (v/v). Then small fragments (5-mm) from damage vascular tissue from each plant were cut and placed on Petri dishes containing PDA acidified with 0.5 ml/l of 92% lactic acid (APDA, 2%). The isolations were incubated for seven days at 25°C. Nine Fusarium-like isolates from single-spore on APDA (2%) became pale vinaceous, floccose with abundant aerial mycelium and dark vinaceous reverse colony, with a growing rate of 10.8 to 11.6 mm/d at 25°C (Lombard et al., 2019). Phialides were short, singular growing laterally on the mycelium. Macroconidia were hyaline, fusiform with basal foot cells shaped to pointed and apical cells tapered, 2-5 septate, and 28.6 to 47.6 (av. 38.1) μm long x 2.2 to 3.6 (av. 3.1) μm wide. Microconidia were hyaline, oval to ellipsoid, one-celled, and 4.5 to 10.9 (av. 6.1) μm long and 2.2 to 3.3 (av. 2.7) μm wide (n=50 spore). For molecular identification, three isolates (Curi-3.1, Be-8.1, and Be-11.3) were sequenced using PCR amplification of the partial sequences of beta-tubulin (BT) and translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF) (Lombard et al., 2019). NCBI BLAST analysis showed 99 to 100% similarity with sequences (TEF; BT) of strain CPC 25822 of Fusarium oxysporum. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis placed the Chilean isolates in the F. oxysporum complex clade. Chilean sequences were deposited into GenBank under accession numbers MW419125, MW419126, MW419127 (TEF) and MW419128, MW419129, MW419130 (BT). Pathogenicity tests (isolates Curi-3.1, Be-8.1, and Be-11.3) were conducted under greenhouse (15-28°C, 85%RH) on healthy bean plants (n=30) cv. Blanco Español INIA cultivated in pots (sand/peat moss/soil) at the University of Talca. Plants that are 30 days-old were inoculated using 200 μl of conidial suspension (106 conidia/ml) on wounded roots (crown). Control plants (n=10) were similarly inoculated with sterile distilled water. After 45 days, all inoculated plants with F. oxysporum isolates developed necrotic lesions on vascular tissue, and chlorosis, and wilting while control plants remained healthy. This experiment was conducted twice. The pathogen was reisolated (100%) from diseased plants and molecularly identified as F. oxysporum. To our knowledge, this is the report of a severe outbreak of F. oxysporum causing Fusarium yellows in P. vulgaris in the Maule region, Chile. Previously, F. oxysporum has been reported affecting tomato (Sepúlveda-Chavera et al., 2014) and blueberry in Chile (Moya-Elizondo et al., 2019).

scholarly journals A Test Cross Protocol for Determining the Genotype of Dark Red Seedcoat Colors in Common Bean

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 1048-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Bassett
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Test Cross ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Genetic Stocks ◽  
Market Class ◽  
Red Bean

The red common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedcoat colors produced by the dominant gene R and the dark red kidney gene rkd are very similar, making it difficult for breeders of red bean varieties to know which genotype is in their materials. A protocol employing test crosses with genetic stocks having known genotypes for seedcoat colors was developed to identify genotypes with either of two very similar dark red seedcoat colors: garnet brown controlled by rkd and oxblood controlled by R. Twenty bean varieties and breeding lines were test crossed with genetic tester stocks cu BC3 5-593 and b v BC3 5-593, and four of the varieties were test crossed with [? R] b v BC3 5-593. Analysis of the seedcoat colors and patterns in the F1 progenies from the test crosses demonstrated that unambiguous identification of the genotypes of the two dark red colors could be achieved using the cu BC3 5-593 and b v BC3 5-593 testers. The dark red color (garnet brown) of the Small Red market class materials was demonstrated to be produced by rkd, and the dark red color (oxblood) of `Jacobs Cattle' was demonstrated to be produced by R. A Light Red Kidney market class stock was derived from `Redkloud' and used in two crosses: cu b v rk BC1 5-593 × b v BC3 5-593 and cu b v rk BC1 5-593 × cu BC3 5-593. Classification of the F2 progenies demonstrated that the cu gene does not entirely prevent rk red color from being modified by V. The interactions of rk, rkd, and R with C, cu, G, B, and V are discussed, and previous literature concerning those interactions is critically reviewed.

Black Violet common bean

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Henning Mündel, Ferdinand A. Kiehn ◽  
Henry C. Huang ◽  
Robert L. Conner ◽  
Gilles Saindon
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Bean Common Mosaic Virus ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
White Mould ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Black Violet is a high-yielding, large-seeded, purple-podded, upright black dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar. It was developed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Research Centre, Lethbridge, with cooperation from the AAFC Research Station, Morden. Black V iolet is well adapted to the Canadian prairies, with high yields equal to the high-yielding check cultivar, AC Harblack, in narrow rows. Black Violet is moderately resistant to white mould, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary; resistant to the Delta race and moderately resistant to race 1216 of anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams.-Scrib.; and resistant to race 15 of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). Key words: Common bean, Common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, black bean, cultivar description, high yielding

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