scholarly journals The CARMENES Survey: A Search for Terrestrial Planets in the Habitable Zones of M Dwarfs

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S293) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
A. Quirrenbach ◽  
P. J. Amado ◽  
J. A. Caballero ◽  
H. Mandel ◽  
R. Mundt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Emission Line ◽  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
M Dwarfs ◽  
Habitable Zones ◽  
Scientific Goal ◽  
M Stars ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Calar Alto

AbstractCARMENES (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs) is a next-generation instrument under construction for the 3.5 m telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory by a consortium of eleven Spanish and German institutions. The scientific goal of the project is a five-year exoplanet survey targeting 300 M stars with the completed instrument. The CARMENES hardware consists of two separate échelle spectrographs covering the wavelength range from 0.55 to 1.7 μm at a spectral resolution of R = 82,000, fed by fibers from the Cassegrain focus of the telescope. Both spectrographs are housed in a temperature-stabilized environment in vacuum tanks, to enable a long-term radial velocity precision of 1 m s−1 employing a simultaneous calibration with Th-Ne and U-Ne emission line lamps.

scholarly journals CARMENES: M dwarfs and their planets

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (S320) ◽  
pp. 388-390
Author(s):  
A. Quirrenbach ◽  
P.J. Amado ◽  
J.A. Caballero ◽  
H. Mandel ◽  
R. Mundt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
M Dwarfs ◽  
Habitable Zones ◽  
Scientific Goal ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
Calar Alto ◽  
Sufficient Precision

AbstractCARMENES (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs) is a new instrument currently undergoing commissioning at the 3.5 m telescope of the Calar Alto Observatory. It has been constructed by a consortium of eleven Spanish and German institutions. The scientific goal of the project is a 600-night radial-velocity survey targeting 300 M dwarfs with sufficient precision to detect terrestrial planets in their habitable zones. The CARMENES instrument consists of two separate échelle spectrographs covering the wavelength range from 0.55 to 1.7 μm at a spectral resolution of R = 82,000, fed by fibers from the Cassegrain focus of the telescope. Both spectrographs are housed in a temperature-stabilized environment in vacuum tanks, to enable a long-term radial velocity precision of 1 m s−1. The wavelength calibration will be done with Th-Ne and U-Ne emission line lamps, and with Fabry-Pérot etalons.

scholarly journals CARMENES: Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (S276) ◽  
pp. 545-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Quirrenbach ◽  
Pedro J. Amado ◽  
José A. Caballero ◽  
Holger Mandel ◽  
Reinhard Mundt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Emission Line ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
M Dwarfs ◽  
Simultaneous Emission ◽  
M Stars ◽  
Calar Alto

AbstractCARMENES (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs) is a next-generation instrument for the 3.5 m telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory. CARMENES will conduct a five-year exoplanet survey targeting ~300 M stars. The CARMENES instrument consists of two separate fiber-fed spectrographs covering the wavelength range from 0.52 to 1.7 μm at a spectral resolution of R = 85,000. The spectrographs are housed in a temperature-stabilized environment in vacuum tanks, to enable a 1 m/s radial velocity precision employing a simultaneous emission-line calibration.

scholarly journals CARMENES: Blue Planets Orbiting Red Dwarfs

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (S299) ◽  
pp. 395-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Quirrenbach ◽  
P. J. Amado ◽  
J. A. Caballero ◽  
H. Mandel ◽  
R. Mundt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Emission Line ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
M Dwarfs ◽  
Red Dwarfs ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Calar Alto

AbstractCARMENES (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs) will conduct a radial-velocity survey of ~ 300 M dwarfs with the 3.5m telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory. The CARMENES instrument is currently under construction; it consists of two independent échelle spectrographs, which together cover the wavelength range 0.55 – 1.7μm at a spectral resolution of R = 82,000. The spectrographs and the fiber input are designed with a goal of 1m/s radial velocity precision using simultaneous calibration with emission-line lamps.

scholarly journals A microvariability study of nearby M dwarfs from the Western Italian Alps: Status update

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (S276) ◽  
pp. 525-526
Author(s):  
Mario Damasso ◽  
Andrea Bernagozzi ◽  
Enzo Bertolini ◽  
Paolo Calcidese ◽  
Paolo Giacobbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Italian Alps ◽  
M Dwarfs ◽  
Red Dwarfs ◽  
Typical Period ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
M Stars ◽  
Rocky Planets ◽  
Long Term Survey

AbstractSmall ground-based telescopes can effectively be used to look for transiting rocky planets around nearby low-mass M stars, as recently demonstrated for example by the MEarth project. Since December 2009 at the Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of Aosta Valley (OAVdA) we are monitoring photometrically a sample of red dwarfs with accurate parallax measurements. The primary goal of this ‘pilot study’ is the characterization of the photometric microvariability of each target over a typical period of approximately 2 months. This is the preparatory step to long-term survey with an array of identical small telescopes, with kick-off in early 2011. Here we discuss the present status of the study, describing the stellar sample, and presenting the most interesting results obtained so far, including the aggressive data analysis devoted to the characterization of the variability properties of the sample and the search for transit-like signals.

scholarly journals CARMENES – M Dwarfs and their Planets: First Results

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (S328) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Quirrenbach ◽  
P.J. Amado ◽  
I. Ribas ◽  
A. Reiners ◽  
J.A. Caballero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Science Program ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
M Dwarfs ◽  
First Results ◽  
Calar Alto

AbstractCARMENES is a pair of high-resolution (R ≳ 80, 000) spectrographs covering the wavelength range from 0.52 to 1.71 μm with only small gaps. The instrument has been optimized for precise radial velocity measurements. It was installed and commissioned at the 3.5 m telescope of the Calar Alto observatory in Southern Spain in 2015. The first large science program of CARMENES is a survey of ~300 M dwarfs, which started on Jan 1, 2016. We present an overview of the instrument, and provide a few examples of early science results.

scholarly journals A survey of M stars in the field of view of Kepler space telescope

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (S276) ◽  
pp. 448-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoudreza Oshagh ◽  
Nader Haghighipour ◽  
Nuno C. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Proper Motion ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Solar Neighborhood ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
M Dwarfs ◽  
Space Telescope ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
M Stars

AbstractM dwarfs constitute more than 70% of the stars in the solar neighborhood. They are cooler and smaller than Sun-like stars and have less-massive disks which suggests that planets around these stars are more likely to be Neptune-size or smaller. The transit depths and transit times of planets around M stars are large and well-matched to the Kepler temporal resolution. As a result, M stars have been of particular interest for searching for planets in both radial velocity and transit photometry surveys. We have recently started a project on searching for possible planet-hosting M stars in the publicly available data from Kepler space telescope. We have used four criteria, namely, the magnitude, proper motion, H-Ks and J-H colors, and searched for M stars in Q0 and Q1 data sets. We have been able to find 108 M stars among which 54 had not been previously identified among Kepler's targets. We discuss the details of our selection process and present the results.

scholarly journals CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs

2018 ◽  
Vol 614 ◽  
pp. A76 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Jeffers ◽  
P. Schöfer ◽  
A. Lamert ◽  
A. Reiners ◽  
D. Montes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Rotation Velocity ◽  
M Dwarfs ◽  
Multiple Observations ◽  
Habitable Zones ◽  
High Resolution Analysis ◽  
Resolution Analysis ◽  
Host Stars

CARMENES is a spectrograph for radial velocity surveys of M dwarfs with the aim of detecting Earth-mass planets orbiting in the habitable zones of their host stars. To ensure an optimal use of the CARMENES guaranteed time observations, in this paper we investigate the correlation of activity and rotation for approximately 2200 M dwarfs, ranging in spectral type from M0.0 V to M9.0 V. We present new high-resolution spectroscopic observations with FEROS, CAFE, and HRS of approximately 500 M dwarfs. For each new observation, we determined its radial velocity and measured its Hα activity index and its rotation velocity. Additionally, we have multiple observations of many stars to investigate if there are any radial velocity variations due to multiplicity. The results of our survey confirm that early-M dwarfs are Hα inactive with low rotational velocities and that late-M dwarfs are Hα active with very high rotational velocities. The results of this high-resolution analysis comprise the most extensive catalogue of rotation and activity in M dwarfs currently available.

scholarly journals Precision Radial Velocities in the Near Infrared with TEDI

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (S253) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Lloyd ◽  
Agnieszka Czeszumska ◽  
Jerry Edelstein ◽  
David Erskine ◽  
Michael Feuerstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Radial Velocities ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
M Dwarfs ◽  
Low Mass Stars ◽  
Habitable Zones ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Transit Method

AbstractThe TEDI (TripleSpec - Exoplanet Discovery Instrument) is a dedicated instrument for the near-infrared radial velocity search for planetary companions to low-mass stars with the goal of achieving meters-per-second radial velocity precision. Heretofore, such planet searches have been limited almost entirely to the optical band and to stars that are bright in this band. Consequently, knowledge about planetary companions to the populous but visibly faint low-mass stars is limited. In addition to the opportunity afforded by precision radial velocity searches directly for planets around low mass stars, transits around the smallest M dwarfs offer a chance to detect the smallest possible planets in the habitable zones of the parent stars. As has been the the case with followup of planet candidates detected by the transit method requiring radial velocity confirmation, the capability to undertake efficient precision radial velocity measurements of mid-late M dwarfs will be required. TEDI has been commissioned on the Palomar 200” telescope in December 2007, and is currently in a science verification phase.

scholarly journals Precise Near-Infrared Radial Velocities

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (S314) ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
Peter Plavchan ◽  
Peter Gao ◽  
Jonathan Gagne ◽  
Elise Furlan ◽  
Carolyn Brinkworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
M Dwarfs ◽  
Gas Cell ◽  
Methane Absorption ◽  
Infrared Telescope ◽  
Telescope Facility ◽  
Nasa Infrared Telescope Facility ◽  
Modeling Code

AbstractWe present the results of two 2.3 μm near-infrared (NIR) radial velocity (RV) surveys to detect exoplanets around 36 nearby and young M dwarfs. We use the CSHELL spectrograph (R ~ 46,000) at the NASA InfraRed Telescope Facility (IRTF), combined with an isotopic methane absorption gas cell for common optical path relative wavelength calibration. We have developed a sophisticated RV forward modeling code that accounts for fringing and other instrumental artifacts present in the spectra. With a spectral grasp of only 5 nm, we are able to reach long-term radial velocity dispersions of ~20–30 m s−1 on our survey targets.

scholarly journals Binaries at the Bottom of the Main Sequence and below

2001 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mayor ◽  
S. Udry ◽  
J.-L. Halbwachs ◽  
F. Arenou
Keyword(s):  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Adaptive Optics ◽  
Mass Function ◽  
M Dwarfs ◽  
Mass Distributions ◽  
Solar Type ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
Two Populations

Long-term radial-velocity surveys of G, K and M dwarfs of the solar neighbourhood are presented. The inferred orbital elements are discussed, focusing on the (e, log P) diagram, the mass-ratio and secondary mass distributions, and on the binary frequency of the studied samples. The proportion of companions to M dwarfs is found to be not significantly different from the binary frequency among G- and K-dwarf primaries. The mass function of stellar and planetary companions to solar-type stars strongly suggests different formation and evolution mechanisms for the two populations. Finally, beautiful mass-luminosity relations are obtained from low-mass binaries with high-precision radial-velocity measurements and adaptive optics visual data.

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