The TESS-Keck Survey. VIII. Confirmation of a Transiting Giant Planet on an Eccentric 261 Day Orbit with the Automated Planet Finder Telescope*

We report the discovery of TOI-2180 b, a 2.8 M J giant planet orbiting a slightly evolved G5 host star. This planet transited only once in Cycle 2 of the primary Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission. Citizen scientists identified the 24 hr single-transit event shortly after the data were released, allowing a Doppler monitoring campaign with the Automated Planet Finder telescope at Lick Observatory to begin promptly. The radial velocity observations refined the orbital period of TOI-2180 b to be 260.8 ± 0.6 days, revealed an orbital eccentricity of 0.368 ± 0.007, and discovered long-term acceleration from a more distant massive companion. We conducted ground-based photometry from 14 sites spread around the globe in an attempt to detect another transit. Although we did not make a clear transit detection, the nondetections improved the precision of the orbital period. We predict that TESS will likely detect another transit of TOI-2180 b in Sector 48 of its extended mission. We use giant planet structure models to retrieve the bulk heavy-element content of TOI-2180 b. When considered alongside other giant planets with orbital periods over 100 days, we find tentative evidence that the correlation between planet mass and metal enrichment relative to stellar is dependent on orbital properties. Single-transit discoveries like TOI-2180 b highlight the exciting potential of the TESS mission to find planets with long orbital periods and low irradiation fluxes despite the selection biases associated with the transit method.

ANTIDIARRHEAL ACTIVITY TEST OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF WHITE POMEGRANATE PEEL (PUNICA GRANATUM L.) IN MALE WHITE MICE (MUS MUSCULUS), SWISS WEBSTER LINE USING THE INTESTINAL TRANSIT METHOD

Objective: Diarrheal disease and its complications remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children, especially in developing countries. It is usually a symptom of an infection in the intestinal tract, which can be caused by a variety of bacterial, viral, parasitic or organisms. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity and dose of white pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.) ethanol extract as an antidiarrheal in white male mice using the intestinal transit method. Methods: Mice were grouped into 5 groups: negative control (Na CMC 1 %), positive control (loperamide HCl 0.0104 mg/20 g mice BW), and pomegranate peel ethanol extract test group 1, 2, and 3 (dose of 16, 32, and 64 mg/20 g mice BW). The length of the intestine that the ink marker traversed from the pylorus to the end (which is black) was measured using a ruler. Results: Based on statistical analysis, there were significant differences between all groups (<0.05). The highest antidiarrheal activity was in the ethanolic extract of pomegranate peel at a dose of 64 mg/20 g mice BW with an inhibition percentage of 36.44% and higher than the positive control (29.81%). The inhibition percentage was also resulted by dose 1 and 2 (12.46% and 29.53%, respectively). Conclusion: From these results show a correlation that the higher the extract dose, the higher the antidiarrheal potential.

5. A grand tour of exoplanets

‘A grand tour of exoplanets’ explores exoplanets. Since there are far too many known exoplanets already for many of them to get familiar names such as the Solar System planets have, they are identified by a two-part naming convention. The first part of the name is the star they orbit, and the second part is a lower-case letter indicating the order in which the planet associated with that star was discovered. There are two main ways that exoplanets are found: the radial velocity (RV) technique and the transit method. Planets can be characterized by their instellation and by size or mass.

The PLATO mission: Studying the diversity of exoplanets orbiting up to the habitable zone of Sun-like stars

&lt;p&gt;The ESA PLATO mission will provide unprecedented data to study the diversity of planets orbiting up to the habitable zone of bright Sun-like stars. PLATO will detect and characterise exoplanets using the transit method combined with ground-based radial velocity measurements, and study the host stars with asteroseismology. PLATO&amp;#8217;s core observing sample consists of Sun-like stars of &lt;em&gt;V&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 11. For statistical studies, PLATO will also monitor a large sample of Sun-like stars with &lt;em&gt;V&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 13 and cool late-type dwarfs with &lt;em&gt;V&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 16. To benefit from PLATO&amp;#8217;s advanced photometric capabilities, the general community will be invited to submit proposals on complementary science topics in the framework of a guest observer&amp;#8217;s programme. The PLATO payload consists of four groups of six cameras each that overlap covering a total field of about 2150 deg&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; with four different sensitivities. Two additional cameras will observe the brightest stars (&lt;em&gt;V&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 8.5) in two-colours, and will be used as fine guidance sensor. PLATO is the third medium-class mission in ESA&amp;#8217;s Cosmic Vision programme, with a planned launch date in 2026. The satellite will operate in an orbit around the second Lagrange point, L2. We will present the status of the mission science definition and performance, and of the satellite and ground-segment developments.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

specphot: a comparison of spectroscopic and photometric exoplanet follow-up methods

ABSTRACT We set out a simulation to explore the follow-up of exoplanet candidates. We look at comparing photometric (transit method) and spectroscopic (Doppler shift method) techniques using three instruments: Next-Generation Transit Survey, High-Accuracy Radial-velocity Planetary Search, and CORALIE. We take into account the precision of follow-up and required observing time in attempt to rank each method for a given set of planetary system parameters. The methods are assessed on two criteria: signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the detection and follow-up time before characterization. We find that different follow-up techniques are preferred for different regions of parameter space. For S/N, we find that the ratio of spectroscopic to photometric S/N for a given system goes like $R_{\rm p}/P^{{1}/{3}}$. For follow-up time, we find that photometry is favoured for the shortest period systems (&lt;10 d) as well as systems with small planet radii. Spectroscopy is then preferred for systems with larger radius, and thus more massive planets (given our assumed mass–radius relationship). Finally, we attempt to account for the availability of telescopes and weight the two methods accordingly.

Making sciences with smartphones: The universe in your pocket

We propose a set of modern and stimulating activities related to the teaching of Astronomy orientated to high school or university students using smartphones. The activities are: a) the experimental simulation of asteroid light curves including the determination of the period of rotation of asteroids, b) the experimental simulation of exoplanet detection by transit method, c) the experimental simulation of stellar distances using parallax and d) the use of virtual and augmented reality.

Beyond the exoplanet mass-radius relation

Context. Mass and radius are two fundamental properties for characterising exoplanets, but only for a relatively small fraction of exoplanets are they both available. Mass is often derived from radial velocity measurements, while the radius is almost always measured using the transit method. For a large number of exoplanets, either the radius or the mass is unknown, while the host star has been characterised. Several mass-radius relations that are dependent on the planet’s type have been published that often allow us to predict the radius. The same is true for a bayesian code, which forecasts the radius of an exoplanet given the mass or vice versa. Aims. Our goal is to derive the radius of exoplanets using only observables extracted from spectra used primarily to determine radial velocities and spectral parameters. Our objective is to obtain a mass-radius relation independent of the planet’s type. Methods. We worked with a database of confirmed exoplanets with known radii and masses, as well as the planets from our Solar System. Using random forests, a machine learning algorithm, we computed the radius of exoplanets and compared the results to the published radii. In addition, we explored how the radius estimates compare to previously published mass-radius relations. Results. The estimated radii reproduces the spread in radius found for high mass planets better than previous mass-radius relations. The average radius error is 1.8 R⊕ across the whole range of radii from 1–22 R⊕. We find that a random forest algorithm is able to derive reliable radii, especially for planets between 4 R⊕ and 20 R⊕ for which the error is under 25%. The algorithm has a low bias yet a high variance, which could be reduced by limiting the growth of the forest, or adding more data. Conclusions. The random forest algorithm is a promising method for deriving exoplanet properties. We show that the exoplanet’s mass and equilibrium temperature are the relevant properties that constrain the radius, and do so with higher accuracy than the previous methods.

EFEK ANTIDIARE EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PARIJOTO (Medinilla speciosa Blume) PADA MENCIT JANTAN GALUR BALB/C

ABSTRACTParijoto is one of a rare plant species in Indonesia, and its leaves have traditionally been utilized to treat diarrhea in the area of Kudus Regency, Indonesia. Parijoto leaves contain active compounds of tannin and flavonoid which have antidiarrheal properties. This investigation intends to demonstrate the antidiarrheal effect of parijoto leaf ethanol extract (EEDP) on male Balb/C mice castor oil-induced diarrheal and reveal its antidiarrheal mechanism through antimotility and antisecretory testing. EEDP made by maceration method. The antidiarrheal effects of three series level EEDP (500; 1,000 and 2,000) mg / Kg BB tested on diarrhea mice induced by castor oil. Concurrently, the antimotility and antisecretory effects of EEDP investigated with the intestinal transit method and castor oil-induced enteropooling. The data in this study were the onset of diarrhea, the weight of liquid-formless stools (for 8 hours), the ratio of digestion tracts passed by norit markers, and the volume of intestinal contents. These data were analyzed statistically at the 95% confidence level. The examination presumed that EEDP was able to respite the onset of diarrhea and diminish the formation of liquid-formless feces in male Balb/C mice induced by castor oil. The antidiarrheal mechanism of EEDP also exhibited in this study through its effects as antimotility and antisecretory.Keywords: Parijoto leaf ethanol extract, antidiarrheal, antimotility, antisecretory