Long-term implications of feed energy source in different genetic types of reproductive rabbit females: I. Resource acquisition and allocation

Since fructose is an energy source and is not a sugar involved in diabetes, it was suggested about 40 years ago that it might be a useful alternative to glucose. Interest in the question1–3 has been revived by development of a commercial process for making fructose from starch, by the recognition that artificial sweeteners are potentially hazardous, and by a new awareness that control of blood glucose is necessary to prevent long-term diabetic complications.4

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AMPK and vacuole-associated Atg14p orchestrate μ-lipophagy for energy production and long-term survival under glucose starvation

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.21690 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Arnold Y Seo ◽

Pick-Wei Lau ◽

Daniel Feliciano ◽

Prabuddha Sengupta ◽

Mark A Le Gros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Energy Production ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

Survival Strategies ◽

Glucose Starvation ◽

Term Survival ◽

Long Term Survival ◽

Glucose Depletion

Dietary restriction increases the longevity of many organisms, but the cell signaling and organellar mechanisms underlying this capability are unclear. We demonstrate that to permit long-term survival in response to sudden glucose depletion, yeast cells activate lipid-droplet (LD) consumption through micro-lipophagy (µ-lipophagy), in which fat is metabolized as an alternative energy source. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation triggered this pathway, which required Atg14p. More gradual glucose starvation, amino acid deprivation or rapamycin did not trigger µ-lipophagy and failed to provide the needed substitute energy source for long-term survival. During acute glucose restriction, activated AMPK was stabilized from degradation and interacted with Atg14p. This prompted Atg14p redistribution from ER exit sites onto liquid-ordered vacuole membrane domains, initiating µ-lipophagy. Our findings that activated AMPK and Atg14p are required to orchestrate µ-lipophagy for energy production in starved cells is relevant for studies on aging and evolutionary survival strategies of different organisms.

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Application fields of wood as a renewable energy source in Europe

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/47/2423 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 31-35

Author(s):

Nándor Csatári

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Production ◽

The European Union ◽

Eu Member States ◽

Short Rotation ◽

Renewable Energy Production ◽

Application Fields ◽

The Eu

Fuelwood, and wood wastes provide almost half of the renewable energy production of the European Union. Enhancing the use of wood in renewable energy production has more constraint than wind- or solar energy. Forests in the EU member states are sustainably used, they are increasing both in terms of area, and growing stocks. There are possibilities to enhance the fallings and use more fuelwood. Short rotation coppices could fulfill the long term demand for fuelwood; because these plantations surpass the dendromass yield of forests.

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Reproductive performance of the Antarctic tardigrades, Acutuncus antarcticus (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae), revived after being frozen for over 30 years and of their offspring

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society ◽

10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz137 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 188 (3) ◽

pp. 839-847

Author(s):

Megumu Tsujimoto ◽

Hiroshi Kagoshima ◽

Hiroshi Kanda ◽

Kenichi Watanabe ◽

Satoshi Imura

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Performance ◽

First Generation ◽

Dna Analysis ◽

Term Survival ◽

Long Term Survival ◽

Genetic Types ◽

Genetic Sequences ◽

The Antarctic ◽

Generation Offspring

Abstract Studies on the long-term survival of animals often focus on the specific instance of survival of animals only, and descriptions of subsequent reproduction are generally not reported. In this study, we recorded the reproductive performance of the first-generation offspring of the resuscitated individual (SB-1) and the hatchling of the resuscitated egg (SB-3) of the Antarctic tardigrade, Acutuncus antarcticus, after being frozen for 30.5 years. By providing further detailed description of the reproduction of SB-1 and SB-3 after revival, and then comparing the reproductive performance with that of their first-generation offspring, the possible indications of the damage accrued during the long-term preservation in SB-1 and SB-3 were more specifically detected. Additionally, the DNA analysis revealed two distinctively different mitochondrial genetic sequences of A. antarcticus between the SB strains and the LSW strain. The observed differences in some of the reproductive parameters between the two genetic types suggested a possible relationship between the life-history traits and genetic type in the species A. antarcticus. Further experiments using the SB-1 and SB-3 strains reared for a long period to exclude the instant effect of preservation are expected to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the long-term survival of animals.

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Evolution in diploid populations by continuity of gametic types

Advances in Applied Probability ◽

10.1017/s0001867800038957 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 5 (01) ◽

pp. 55-65

Author(s):

Ilan Eshel

Keyword(s):

Random Mating ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Diploid Population ◽

Selection Pressures ◽

Genetic Types ◽

Diploid Populations ◽

Mutation And Selection

This work studies the long-term effects of mutation and selection pressures on a diploid population embracing many genetic types. A number of results previously established for the simpler asexual case (see [4]) are extended to the cases of random mating and complete inbreeding (Theorem 1), and then, under particular conditions, to certain circumstances of mixed random mating and inbreeding (Theorem 3 and Corollary 1). Several implications for sex and diploidity are drawn from Theorem 2 and its corollaries. Further biological interpretations of these findings, especially of Theorem 2, are given in [3].

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Ketone body metabolism in a ground squirrel during hibernation and fasting

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1985.249.4.r462 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 249 (4) ◽

pp. R462-R470 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

B. L. Krilowicz

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Glucose Uptake ◽

Ground Squirrel ◽

Ketone Body ◽

Glucose Utilization ◽

Ground Squirrels ◽

Body Protein ◽

Muscle Tissues ◽

Spermophilus Beldingi

Hibernating Belding's ground squirrels (Spermophilus beldingi) are ketotic relative to fed nonhibernators. Muscles from torpid individuals, when incubated in media containing physiological concentrations of glucose and ketone, show reduced uptake of glucose in the presence of ketone. The magnitude of the reduction is dependent on ketone concentration and reaches 60% in heart and 100% in pectoralis at 1.4 mM ketone. Fasted squirrels are also ketotic. However, ketone does not reduce glucose uptake in muscles from fed or fasted animals. Glucose utilization by muscles decreases during a long-term fast, but the reduction is independent of ketone. Thus both a long-term fast and hibernation lead to changes in muscle tissues that decrease their reliance on glucose as an energy source. Ketosis leads to glucose sparing during hibernation, whereas muscle glucose utilization is decreased independently of ketone during a fast. The glucose sparing achieved in both hibernation and fasting leads to conservation of body protein, the major source of gluconeogenic precursors in fasting mammals.

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Physiological adaptations of leaf litter microbial communities to long-term drought

10.1101/631077 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ashish A. Malik ◽

Tami Swenson ◽

Claudia Weihe ◽

Eric Morrison ◽

Jennifer B. H. Martiny ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Functional Response ◽

Leaf Litter ◽

Compatible Solutes ◽

Resource Acquisition ◽

Physiological Adaptations ◽

Grass Litter

AbstractDrought represents a significant stress to soil microorganisms and is known to reduce microbial activity and organic matter decomposition in Mediterranean ecosystems. However, we still lack a detailed understanding of the drought stress adaptations of microbial decomposers. We hypothesised that drought causes greater microbial allocation to stress tolerance relative to growth pathways. Here we present metatranscriptomic and metabolomic data on the physiological response ofin situmicrobial communities on plant leaf litter to long-term drought and pulse wetting in Californian grass and shrub ecosystems. Wetting litter after a long dry summer caused only subtle shifts in gene expression. On grass litter, communities from the decade-long ambient and reduced precipitation treatments had distinct functional profiles. The most discernable physiological adaptations to drought were production or uptake of compatible solutes to maintain cellular osmotic balance, and synthesis of capsular and extracellular polymeric substances as a mechanism to retain water. The results show a clear functional response to drought in grass litter communities with greater allocation to survival relative to growth that could affect decomposition under drought. In contrast, communities on chemically more diverse and complex shrub litter had smaller physiological differences in response to long-term drought but higher investment in resource acquisition traits across treatments, suggesting that the functional response to drought is constrained by substrate quality. Our findings suggest, for the first time in a field setting, a trade-off between microbial drought stress tolerance, resource acquisition and growth traits in leaf litter microbial communities.

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