An Efficient Synthesis of Anti-spasmodic Drug Mebeverine Hydrochloride

An efficient synthetic process for an antispasmodic drug and active pharmaceutical ingredient of Mebeverine hydrochloride 1 is reported in this communication. It is used for stomach cramps and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The treatment for irritable bowel syndrome involves lot of drugs like (Dicyclomine hydrochloride, Linaclotide.etc) available in market, but Mebeverine hydrochloride (1) is most effective than any other drug. Earlier manufacturing 1 process reported yield < 46% and used high volumes of reagents and expensive catalyst. We developed new commercial process for 1 with economically, environmentally favored conditions. Proposed synthetic route contains three stages with overall yield of 77% and Purity by HPLC NLT 99.7%.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGY FOR THE SEPARATION OF THE COMPONENTS FROM GREEN TEA USING THE PREPARATIVE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY BY DESIGN OF PERIODICAL PROCESS

Leaves of the green tea plant camellis sinensis contain up to 36 % polyphenols. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most interesting polyphenols because it exhibits a strong antioxidant effect. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that EGCG has an antimutagenic and an anticancer effects, an antibacterial effect and a beneficial effect on cholesterol level in blood. Therefore, is needed to isolate EGCG in a pure form in high yield by simple and commercial process. This method for isolation of EGCG contents the following steps: a) selection of macroporous polar resin for the preparative liquid chromatography; b) selection of polar elution solvent; c) determination the temperature and pressure for adsorbtion and desorbtion of the polyphenols of the green tea. Therefore, it was searched the interconnection between yield of EGCG and the range of temperature and amount of eluent. Finally, the process for the separation of Epigallocatechin gallate from green tea extract was developed in the laboratory and EGCG was isolated with the concentration 92% by the yield 43%. Accordingly, the technology of EGCG production based on the preparative liquid chromatography was launched and introduced on the market.

A machine-learning reduced kinetic model for H2S thermal conversion process

H2S is becoming more and more appealing as a source for hydrogen and syngas generation. Its hydrogen production potential is studied by several research groups by means of catalytic and thermal conversions. While the characterization of catalytic processes is strictly dependent on the catalyst adopted and difficult to be generalized, the characterization of thermal processes can be brought back to wide-range validity kinetic models thanks to their homogeneous reaction environments. The present paper is aimed at providing a reduced kinetic scheme for reliable thermal conversion of H2S molecule in pyrolysis and partial oxidation thermal processes. The proposed model consists of 10 reactions and 12 molecular species. Its validation is performed by numerical comparisons with a detailed kinetic model already validated by literature/industrial data at the operating conditions of interest. The validated reduced model could be easily adopted in commercial process simulators for the flow sheeting of H2S conversion processes.

Marketing relacional, un estudio sobre customer engagement, customer experience y customer success

El marketing relacional o también llamado marketing de relaciones, juega un papel importante en la fidelización, el relacionamiento y la retención de los clientes con una marca. Los tres tipos o vertientes de esta rama de mercadotecnia analizadas, fueron el customer engagement o compromiso del consumidor, customer experience o experiencia del consumidor y el customer success o éxito del consumidor. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las vertientes del marketing enfocados, principalmente, al tema relacional en donde a partir de sus características, dimensiones y, sobre todo, actividades se empató con el proceso de venta o comercial de las organizaciones y se planteó la Pirámide de las vertientes del marketing relacional como herramienta para la consecución de objetivos relacionales, teniendo como base el customer engagement y el customer experience. Este estudio respondió a una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva – teórico descriptivo, en la que se analizaron publicaciones científicas de carácter empíricas, teóricas, analíticas y críticas, de aquellos autores que han estudiado sobre el tema. Se concluyó que el tipo de marketing relacional con mayor cantidad de actividades relacionadas con el proceso comercial es el customer experience, ya que su objetivo principal es brindar y mantener una experiencia positiva, de inicio a fin, durante todo el proceso de compra de un consumidor. La Pirámide de las vertientes del marketing relacional tomó una forma diferente teniendo como base el customer engagement y el customer success. Palabras clave: customer engagement, customer experience, customer success, fidelización, marketing relacional, proceso de venta. AbstractRelationship marketing also called relational marketing, plays an important role in customer loyalty, relationships, and retention with a brand. The three types or so-called aspects of this part of the marketing, which were analyzed in this study are: customer engagement or consumer commitment, customer experience or consumer experience and customer success or consumer success. The objective of this study was to analyze the types of marketing, based on the relational aspect, which includes characteristics, dimensions and especially activities. This analysis come together with the sales or the commercial process of organizations. For this, the Relationship Marketing Pyramid was proposed as a tool to achieve relational objectives using customer engagement and customer experience. This study was carried out under an exhaustive literature review scheme and a descriptive theory, in which empirical, theoretical, analytical, and critical scientific publications were analyzed. After the analysis, it was concluded that the type of relationship marketing with the greatest number of activities related to the commercial process is the customer experience, since its main objective is to provide and maintain a positive experience from the beginning to the end of the process of a consumer’s purchase. The Relationship Marketing Pyramid took a different form based on customer engagement and customer success.Keywords: customer engagement, customer experience, customer success, loyalty, relationship marketing, sales process

An adaptive real-time grey-box model for advanced control and operations in WRRFs

Grey-box models, which combine the explanatory power of first-principle models with the ability to detect subtle patterns from data, are gaining increasing attention in wastewater sectors. Intuitive, simple structured but fit-for-purpose grey-box models that capture time-varying dynamics by adaptively estimating parameters are desired for process optimization and control. As an example, this study presents the identification of such a grey-box model structure and its further use by an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), for the estimation of the nitrification capacity and ammonia concentrations of a typical Modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) process. The EKF was implemented and evaluated in real time by interfacing Python with SUMO (Dynamita™), a widely used commercial process simulator. The EKF was able to accurately estimate the ammonia concentrations in multiple tanks when given only the concentration in one of them. Besides, the nitrification capacity of the system could be tracked in real time by the EKF, which provides intuitive information for facility managers and operators to monitor and operate the system. Finally, the realization of EKF is critical to the development of future advance control, for instance, model predictive control.

Simultaneous simulation and optimization of multiple dividing wall columns

In this work we present a new approach that we use to simulate and optimize multiple dividing wall columns at the same time. Instead of considering all model equations as constraints and all process variables as optimization variables in a large and highly nonlinear optimization problem we only incorporate a subset of the model equations as constraints and a subset of the process variables as optimization variables. The remaining process variables are calculated from this subset by a robust and fast calculation procedure. This calculation procedure also ensures that the remaining model equations are satisfied. A comparison with the commercial process simulator Aspen Plus shows that with the new approach multiple dividing wall columns can be optimized more stable and better solutions are found. Moreover the time needed to find an optimal design decreases significantly.

Electrorefining Process of the Non-Commercial Copper Anodes

The electrorefining process of the non-commercial Cu anodes was tested on the enlarged laboratory equipment over 72 h. Cu anodes with Ni content of 5 or 10 wt.% and total content of Pb, Sn, and Sb of about 1.5 wt.% were used for the tests. The real waste solution of sulfuric acid character was a working electrolyte of different temperatures (T1 = 63 ± 2 °C and T2 = 73 ± 2 °C). The current density of 250 A/m2 was the same as in the commercial process. Tests were confirmed that those anodes can be used in the commercial copper electrorefining process based on the fact that the elements from anodes were dissolved, the total anode passivation did not occur, and copper is deposited onto cathodes. The masses of cathode deposits confirmed that the Cu ions from the electrolyte were also deposited onto cathodes. The concentration of Cu, As, and Sb ions in the electrolyte was decreased. At the same time, the concentration of Ni ions was increased by a maximum of up to 129.27 wt.%. The major crystalline phases in the obtained anode slime, detected by the X-ray diffraction analyses, were PbSO4, Cu3As, SbAsO4, Cu2O, As2O3, PbO, SnO, and Sb2O3.

The Use of Trust Seals in European and Latin American Commercial Transactions

The emergence of the Internet as a commercialization method has offered organizations many opportunities. However, when buyers want to execute a transaction online, a certain distrust typically accompanies the need to provide personal data. To address this problem, assurance seals have been designed for use on websites. Different guarantee logos certify compliance with buyer protection laws and offer transparency in the commercial process. Thus, assurance seals displayed on the websites of sellers that adhere to a specific trust system allow consumers to choose among entities that have publicly committed to best business practices. We researched 130 sellers in Europe and Latin America that adhere to assurance seals in order to determine the influence of such seals. Our research shows that the use of trust seals increases Internet sales for more than 66% of these companies, improves their corporate image, enhances the number of potential buyers who visit their websites, and generally captures consumers’ attention.