The effect of different groups of amino acids on rat mammary protein synthesis in vitro

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 87-87
Author(s):  
J.Alderson ◽  
B.J. Bequette ◽  
M.A. Lomax
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Milk Industry ◽  
The Uk

The current pricing structure of the UK milk industry considers milk quality with higher premiums paid for milk protein content than for fat. Attempts to alter milk protein content by feeding extra protein(Bequette et al.,1998) or infusing amino acids(AA) in dairy cows has not always given consistent results. The present study is the first in a series where the objective is to use explants prepared from rat mammary glands to start identifying which AA may be (limiting) most important in regulating milk protein synthesis. Such information could be useful to identify specific AA which should be supplemented in the diet of the cow.

The addition of lactose to the diets of dairy cows fed protected fats

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
R.D. Allison ◽  
P.C. Garnsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Fat Supplements

Rumen inert fats are often included in dairy rations to increase the metabolisable energy (ME) supply whilst maintaining rumen function. Protected fat supplements have been shown to increase milk yields and fat content but with an associated and undesirable reduction in protein content. A reduced intake of rumen available energy (FME) may limit the microbial protein yield and so reduce the supply of amino acids to the mammary gland. Lactose supplements have been shown to increase the flow of microbial protein to the intestines (Chamberlain et al, 1993) and to reduce the effect of protected fats on milk protein content during early lactation (Garnsworthy, 1996). A trial was conducted to determine whether lactose supplementation could reduce the effects of protected fats on milk protein content during mid lactation.

The response of dairy cows to intravascular administration of two mixtures of amino acids

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 88-88
Author(s):  
J A Metcalf ◽  
L A Crompton ◽  
F R C Backwell ◽  
B J Bequette ◽  
M A Lomax ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Milk Protein Content

Previous work by this group (Metcalf et al 1996) has shown that milk protein concentration can be increased by jugular infusion of different mixtures of amino acids (AA). The current experiment was designed in part to investigate which groups of AA had the greatest effect in stimulating milk protein content.

The response of dairy cows to intravascular administration of two mixtures of amino acids

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 88-88
Author(s):  
J A Metcalf ◽  
L A Crompton ◽  
F R C Backwell ◽  
B J Bequette ◽  
M A Lomax ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Milk Protein Content

Previous work by this group (Metcalf et al 1996) has shown that milk protein concentration can be increased by jugular infusion of different mixtures of amino acids (AA). The current experiment was designed in part to investigate which groups of AA had the greatest effect in stimulating milk protein content.

The relationship between milk progesterone and milk traits during estrus in dairy Cows

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Gavelis ◽  
V. Þilaitis ◽  
A Juozaitis ◽  
V. Juozaitienë ◽  
G. Urbonavièius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to evaluate relationship between milk progesterone concentration (P4) and milk traits at the start of estrus time and 12h after start of the estrus in dairy cows. The 96 milk samples of 48 Lithuanian dairy cows without reproduction disorders and 90–100 days after calving were evaluated. Cows were classified into two groups based on milk yield per day: less than 30 kg (n=20) and e”30 kg (n=28). Data were categorized by milk fat and protein content at the start estrus and 12h after start of estrus to evaluate relationship between P4 and milk traits examined. P4 at estrus time in dairy cows was significantly positively correlated with milk yield (P less than 0.001), whereas it was negatively correlated with milk protein (P less than 0.05-P less than 0.01) and fat at 12h after start of estrus. Dairy cows with F/P from 1.0 to 1.5 had the lowest P4 in milk. Results of the pregnancy in dairy cows were related with lower P4 and milk yield level (P less than 0.001), higher milk fat (P less than 0.05) and milk protein content (P less than 0.001). These cows had 1.90 times lower prevalence of the signs of subclinical ketosis (P less than 0.05) at estrus time when compared with non-pregnant cows. As a result, it was clearly demonstrated that P4 in dairy cows can help to evaluate and improve the reproductive properties of cows.

Milk production from dairy cows fed an alternative to fish meal

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 204-204
Author(s):  
R.D. Allison ◽  
P.C. Garnsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
The Ideal

Inclusion of fishmeal in diets fed to dairy cows has been found to increase milk yield and milk protein content (Pike et al 1994). This is thought to be the result of increased intake of DUP. However, its inclusion in dairy rations is limited by its relatively high cost in addition to the negative image of feeding protein derived from animal sources in the light of the recent BSE crisis. The literature contains many instances where no response has been found to increasing DUP supply by feeding protected vegetable protein. The lack of response could be attributed to an unbalanced amino acid composition of DUP (Schingoethe 1996). This study was designed to observe the effects of replacing a proportion of cereal with either fish meal or a protected protein blend (Amino Green™, Nutec Ltd, Lichfield) formulated to supply the ideal balance of amino acids for milk production in a high yielding dairy cow.

scholarly journals Regulation of protein synthesis in mammary glands of lactating dairy cows by starch and amino acids

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 3114-3127 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Rius ◽  
J.A.D.R.N. Appuhamy ◽  
J. Cyriac ◽  
D. Kirovski ◽  
O. Becvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

scholarly journals Whole-body fluxes and partitioning of amino acids to the mammary gland of cows fed fresh pasture at two levels of intake during early lactation

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pacheco ◽  
M.H. Tavendale ◽  
G. W. Reynolds ◽  
T. N. Barry ◽  
J. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Ad Libitum

The utilisation of essential amino acids (EAA) by the mammary gland of lactating dairy cows fed fresh forages was studied to provide basic information useful in designing strategies to increase the production of milk protein from pasture-fed dairy cows. The relationship between the flux of EAA in the whole body and their uptake by the mammary gland was determined in four cows in early lactation (length of time in milk 44 (SD 14·5) d) producing 21 (SD 4·0) kg milk/d. The cows were maintained in metabolism stalls and fed fresh perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens) pasturead libitumor restricted to 75 %ad libitumintake. The whole-body fluxes of amino acids (AA) were measured using an arterio-venous infusion of universally13C-labelled AA. Whole-body fluxes of fourteen AA were estimated. Isotope dilution indicated that mammary utilisation accounted for one-third of the whole-body flux of EAA, with individual AA ranging between 17 and 35 %. Isoleucine, leucine, valine and lysine were the EAA with the greatest partitioning towards the mammary gland (up to 36 % of the whole-body flux), which could reflect a potentially limiting effect on milk protein synthesis. In the case of AA with low partitioning to the mammary gland (for example, histidine), it is suggested that non-mammary tissues may have priority over the mammary gland and therefore the supply of this AA may also limit milk protein synthesis.

Manipulation of milk protein content in dairy cows

In Practice ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Chamberlan
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Protein Content

scholarly journals Effects of jugular-infused lysine, methionine, and branched-chain amino acids on milk protein synthesis in high-producing dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 1952-1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A.D.R.N. Appuhamy ◽  
J.R. Knapp ◽  
O. Becvar ◽  
J. Escobar ◽  
M.D. Hanigan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain
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